3. Introduction
Bio gas is typically the mixture of different
gases produced by the breakdown of organic
matter in the absence of oxygen
What is Bio gas ?
It is a renewable type of energy source
main source of raw material for production of
bio gas is plant & animal
7. Production equipments
Inlet
Digester
Gas holder
Outlet
The main parts of a typical bio gas plant consist of the
following components
There are different types of bio gas production plants.
the main two types are :-
Ficed - dome plant
Floating dome plant
8. Fixed dome type
A fixed dome plant consists of a digester with a fixed,
non movable gas holder, which sits on top of the digester
ADVANTAGE :- The cost of a fixed dome bio gas plant are
relatively low. It is simple as no moving parts exist. There
are also no rsting steel parts and hence a long life of the
plant (20 years or more) can be expected.
9. Floating dome type
Floating dome plant consists of an underground digester
and a moving gas holder
The gas holder floats either directly on the fermentation
slurry or in a water jacket of its own
The gas is collected in the gas drum, which rises or moves
down, according to the amount of the gas stored
ADVANTAGE :- Floating dome plants are easy to
understand and operate. They provide gas at a constant
pressure, and the stored gas - vloume is immediatley
recognizable by the position of the dome
10. Processing of bio gas
The scrubbing of the bio gas in order to remove impurities that are genarated
during the diagram process such as CO2 (Carbon dioxide) and H2S (Hydrogen
sulfide)
Bio gas go through a cleaning process, and becomes biomethane
A simple method for hydrogen sulfide utilizing steel wool in a glass bottle
For corbon dioxide removal, as well as additional hydrogen sulfide removal a
method of water spray crossflow can be used. In this method the bio gas enters one
end of a tube and experiences water streams flowing in the opposite direction
12. Benefits & Advantages of bio gas
ALTERNATE ENERGY SOURCE
FERTILIZER
REQUIRES ONLY LOCALLY AND EASILY AVAILABLE
MATERIAL FOR CONSTRUCTION
CONTROL POLLUTION
LITTLE OPERATION SKILLS AND MAINTENANCE
HIGH CALORIFIC VALUE
RENEWABLE SOURCE OF ENERGY
NON POLLUTING
REDUCE LANDFILLS
ECONOMICAL TECHNOLOGY
13. Limitations of bio gas
BIO GAS CAN BE EXPLOSIVE WHEN MIXED IN THE RATIO OF ONE PART BIO
GAS TO 8 - 20 PARTS AIR
BIO GAS LEAKS SMELL LIKE ROTTEN EGG (HYDROGEN SULFIDE)
NOT FEASIBLE
NOT ATTRACTIVE ON LARGE SCALE
LITTLE TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT
CONTAINS IMPURITIES
CANNOT BE EASILY STORED
15. Indian senario
Wind
19565
Bio energy
4449
Small hydro
3686
Solar
1891
Wind
49130
Small hydro
20000
Solar
20000
Bio energy
17000
INSTALLED CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE IN INDIA
POTENTIAL OF RENEWABLE IN INDIA UNTO 2032
12
-
17
MILLION
INDIA HAS INSTALLED 4.75 MILLION SMALL SCALE BIO GAS PLANTS
INDIA'S POTENTIAL OF MAXIMUM NUMBER OF BIO GAS PLANTS HAS BEEN
ESTIMATED TO BE 12 - 17 MILLION
MAINLY BIO GAS IS PRODUCED BASED ON DAIRY MANURE AS FEED STOCK
AND THESE "GOBAR" GAS PLANTS
IN THE LAST 2 - 3 DECADES, RESEARCH ORGANISATION WITH A FOCUS ON
RURAL ENERGY SECURITY HAVE ENHANCED THE DESIGN OF THE SYSTEM
RESULTING IN NEWER EFFICIENT LOW COST DESIGNS
18. Conclusion
EXCEPT IN INDIA AND CHINNA, IN OTHER DEVELOPING COUNTRIES THE
PROPORTION OF FUNCTIONING BIO GAS PLANTS IS LESS THAN 50%
CONSIDERABLE GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENTS IS REQUIRED FOR THESE
SUPPORT NETWORK TO BE CONTINUED OVER TIME
IT IS CHALLENGE TO DEVELOP A NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR BIO GAS
GENERATION WHICH HAS LOW COST, HIGH EFFICIENCY OF PRODUCTION
AND PROPER FUNCTIONALITY
