2. CONTENTS
History
Introduction
Process and steps
Treatment Before utilization of bio-gas
Applications of bio-gas
Pakistan's perspective about bio-gas
3. HISTORY
DISCOVERY
* First traced in → 17th century
* By → Van Helmot
* How? → Flictering lights
beneath the surface of land
connected to flammable gas
produced by decaying organic
matter.
* First use → Heating bath water
in Assyria during 10th century
4. IMPORTANT OUTCOMES
1808 - Humphery
davy found methane
in anaerobic source of
gas
Louis pasteur obtain 100 litres
of biogass per m3 of manure
1895 - Biogas is used to
light streets
1955 - Bates, run
his car on biogas
2005 - Train in sweden run on
biogass, 150,000 biogass
plants were installed
6. Introduction of Biogas
Biogas refers to the mixture of
different gases produce by the
breakdown of organic matter in the
absence of oxygen.
It is a renewable energy source ,like
solar or wind energy.
can also be produced by different raw
material.
7. Source of Raw material
Animal dung
Poultry waste
Human excreta
Plant waste(grass,weed)
Industrial waste
Domestic waste(vegetables
peels,waste food material)
10. Highlights
* In absence of oxygen and
through degradable waste
* Use of micro-organisms
* Bioreactor utilization
* Configuration - Batch vs
continuous
* Temperature - Mesophilic vs
thermophilic
* Sub-layer composition
* pH 5 - 6 (at hydrolytic stage)
* ph 6.8 – 7.3 (after)
* Solid contents - high and low
* Inhibition - High metal ions,
organic matter, low metal ions
15. Before the utilization of biogas
Purification before utilization is necessary which is a 3 step process:
Removing H2S contaminants
Removing CO2
Passing biogas through active carbon
16. Removing H2S gas
H2S is very corrosive.
Biogas is passed through a bed of iron fillings.
In closed container.
17. Removing co2 from biogas
The tank contains water in which biogas is
pumped.
Formation of bubbles indicate the absorption of
oxygen components.
So, CO2 is no more CO2
18. Passing biogas through active carbon: -
Passing biogas through bed filled with active
carbon.
It removes remaining H2S.
Also removes odor.
40. PAKISTAN PERSPECTIVE
Future energy security and
environmental issues are driving force
for biogas utilization.
Shifting gradually from agricultural country to
industrial country
41. Demand-supply gap amounts to 5000 MW
on average which is 7000 MW energy
demand is at peak.
This shortfall causes 4%–7% loss
industrial growth in2015-2018.
Pakistan spends almost 7 billion
US$ on import of fossil fuels
annually to congregate its energy
needs.
42. Pakistan have almost 159 million
animals producing almost 652
million kg of manure daily from
cattle and buffalo only.
Can generate 16.3 million m3 biogas
per day and 21 million tons of bio
fertilizer per year.
43. sugarcane industry has the potential to generate
about 3000 MW energy.
50% of domestic energy requirements are fulfilled by
fuelwood .
And 34% by animal and crop residues.
Residues per annum of these crops amount to 25.271
million tons having a power generation potential of
689.25 TWh annually.
by biochemical conversion is 216 kWh.
by thermochemical conversion is 552 kWh
44. 5,360 plants have been constructed (December
2014) in 12 districts of central Punjab by PDBP.
Biogas Support Program (BSP) was started in
2000 by Pakistani government.
it has achieved the target of installing 1200 biogas
units.
A biogas unit of 10 m3 size is anticipated to save
almost 92,062 PKR per year.
Extracted liquid from organic waste is enriched
with nutrients and sold in the market as plants
fertilizer.
The target of increasing share of renewables in
energy mix of the country from less than 1% to
5% by 2030 as envisaged by the Government of
Pakistan.
