testing efficiency of moisturizer

1. SONEKAR COLLEGE OF
PHARMACY

2. TESTING EFFICACY OF MOISTURIZER
Submitted by
Ms. Puja Wadhi
Guide
Mr. Narayan Gaidhani
Assistant Professor

3. TESTING EFFICACY OF MOISTURIZER
 Introduction
A moisturizer is a liquid that is used for softening the skin, especially for naturally dry skins. They increase the
skin’s water content by reducing evaporation. The thickness of a moisturizer is actually what keeps the
hydration concealed into the skin, which then creates the moisturizing effect. Due to its thickening agents,
moisturizers typically only come in lotion or night cream functions
Unlike a serum, a moisturizer does not penetrate deeply into the skin. The main job of a moisturizer is to seal
products into the skin, locking all the moisture and nutrients your skin needs.

4.  USES OF MOISURIZER
 Moisturizers are used for the treatment of certain skin diseases, such as psoriasis, ichthyosis vulgaris,
xerosis, and pruritus in atopic dermatitis.
 More often, they are bases or vehicles for topical medication, such as in Whitfield’s ointment. They are
often combined with humectants, such as salicylic acid and urea.
 Moisturizers are also widely used in sunscreens, antiperspirants, skin cleansers, shaving creams,
aftershaves, and hair tonics.
 Moisturizers are used in disposable napkins to prevent dry skin and napkin dermatitis.
 A Cochrane review noted that moisturizers show some beneficial effects in eczema. The same review did
not find evidence that one moisturizer is better than another.[3]

5.  WHY DO WE NEED MOISTURIZERS?
 Healthy skin appearance is essential as flawed presentation may result in reduced self-esteem.
Moisturizers are commonly used to reduce fine lines, smoothen and hydrate skin which may improve a
patient’s social life, psychological satisfaction and quality of life. Moreover, either normal skin or
dermatoses with dry skin symptoms may both gain optimal benefit from proper utilization of moisturizers.
Impression of skin dryness consist of visible and tactile changes of the skin as well as alteration in skin’s
sensory components, which presents as dry skin symptoms. These symptoms include dryness feeling and
discomforts; consist of tightness, pain, itch, stinging, and tingling.5 Moisturizers work effectively to
overcome dry skin underlying dermatoses, interrupting dry skin cycle while maintaining skin smoothness
Moisturizers also have several benefits aside from skin moistening. Some of the possible functions
provided by moisturizers.[4]

6.  ADVANTAGES OF MOISTURIZER;
 Moisturizing reduces the chances of skin problems.
 Moisturizing can reduce the appearance of other blemishes.
 Moisturizing helps your skin stay young
 Moisturizing fights wrinkles.
 It’s the perfect end to a hot shower.[5]
 DISADVANTAGES OF MOISTURIZER
 They block water evaporation and can actually clog pores and increase acne.
 They can interfere with the use of drugs such as tretinoin (Retin-A) and alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs).
 Because dry skin reflects more ultraviolet light than hydrated skin, some dermatologists feel that moisturizers
actually accelerate skin aging.[5]

7. WHAT IS AN EFFICACY STUDY?
Clinical tests especially efficacy studies allow to objectively check or confirm the performance of a given
product with specific instruments and scientific techniques.
The main goal of this type of study is to determine the performance of a product developed by a sponsor (for
example, a cream) for a given claim. In order to obtain better quantitative values, the clinical study
development evaluates the efficacy of a product by measuring different predetermined criteria and using
scientific methods.

8. A. MATERIAL’S
I. Marketed Cream
i. Ponds Cream ( Brand A)
 Ingredients:-Water, Mineral Oil, Glycerin ,Glyceryl Stearate
,Cyclomethycaine , Ceteth-2 ,Stearyl Stearate , Steareth-21 ,
Microcrystalline Wax , Paraffin , Cetearyl Alcohol , Lanolin
,Phenoxyethanol, Carbomer , Triethanolamine , Methylparaben ,
Sodium PCA , Propylparaben , Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus)
Seed Oil G, Disodium EDTA , BHT , Cholesterol , Lecithin ,
Stearic Acid , Palmitic Acid , Parfum.
 Manufacture By :- L.B.C.P., unit ii, Haridwar 249 403,
Uttarakhand. M 16/c/ua/20010.
 Marketed By:- Lic.User Hindustan unilever limited (hul). O
hul 2019.
 Manufacturing Date :- 08/21
 Expiry date :- 07/23[14]

9. i. Nivea cream ( Brand B )
 Ingredient :- Aqua, Glycerin, Paraffinum Liquidum, Myristyl
Alcohol, Butylene Glycol, Alcohol Denat, Stearic Acid,
Myristyl Myristate, Cera Microcristallina, Glyceryl Stearate,
Hydrogenated Coco-Glycerides, Simmondsia Chinensis Seed
Oil, Tocopheryl Acetate, Lanolin Alcohol (Eucerit),
Polyglyceryl-2 Caprate, Dimethicone, Sodium Carbomer,
Phenoxyethanol, Linalool, Citronellol, Alpha-Isomethyl Ionone,
Butylphenyl Methylpropional, Limonene, Benzyl Alcohol,
Benzyl Salicylate, Parfum
 Manufacture By :- Beiersdorf Manufacturing Gujarat, NIVEA
INDIA PVT LTD, SM-9/1, SANAND II,IND.
ESTATE,VILL.BOL,SANAND,AHMEDABAD.
 Marketed By :-NIVEA India Private Limited 4th Floor, Art
Guild House, Phoenix Market City, Kurla (West), Mumbai –
400070.
 Manufacturing Date:- 06/21
 Expiry Date:-11/23[13]

10. A. METHOD’S
1. Physical properties: The cream was observed for the color, odor and appearance.
2. Washability: The cream was applied on the hand and observed under the running.
3. pH: The pH meter was calibrated with the help of standard buffer solution. Weigh 0.5 gm of cream dissolved it in
50.0ml of distilled water and its p H was measured with the help of digital pH meter.
4. Irritancy test: Mark an area (1sq.cm) on the left-hand dorsal surface. The cream was applied to the specified area and
time was noted. Irritancy, erythema, edema, was checked if any for regular intervals up to 24 hrs. and reported.
1. Test for microbial growth: Agar media was prepared then the formulated cream was inoculated on the plate’s agar
media by steak plate method and a controlled is prepared by omitting the cream. The plates were placed in the
incubator and are incubated in 37 C for 24 hours. After the incubation period, the plates were taken out and the
microbial growth were checked and compared with the control.

11.  Agar media
Procedure:- Suspend 28g of nutrient agar powder in 1L of distilled water. Mix and dissolve them completely. Sterilize by
autoclaving at 121°C for 15 minutes. Pour the liquid into the petri dish and wait for the medium to solidify. Be sure that
you are preparing the agar in the clean environment to prevent any contamination.
1. Saponification value: Take 2 gm of the substance and reflux it with the 25 ml of 0.5 N alcoholic KOH for 30 minutes.
Then add 0.1 ml of phenolphthalein as a indicator and titrate it with the 0.5 N HCL.
Saponification value=(b-a) *28.05/W
a =volume of titrate
b =volume of titrate
w =weight of substances in gram
 0.5N Alcoholic KOH
Procedure:- Dissolve 30 g of potassium hydroxide in sufficient ethanol (60 per cent) to produce 1000 ml.

12.  0.5N HCl
Procedure:- 42 ml of concentrated HCL added with 100ml distilled water Stir, and make up to a final volume of 1000 ml.
1. Acid value: Take 10 gm of the cream dissolved in accurately weighed in 50 ml mixture of the equal volume of alcohol
and solvent ether. Then attached the flask with the condenser and reflux it with the slow heating until the sample gets
completely dissolve then add 1 ml of phenolphthalein and titrate it with 0.1 N NaOH until it gets faint pink color
appears after shaking in 20 seconds.
Acid value=n*5.61/w
w =weight of the substances
n =the number of ml in NaOH required.
 0.1N NaOH
Procedure:- Dissolve 4.0gm of NaOH in distilled water to produce 1000ml.

13. Procedure:- Dissolve 4.0gm of NaOH in distilled water to produce 1000ml.
1. Dye test: In this test, an emulsion is mixed with a water-soluble dye (amaranth) and observed under the microscope. If
the continuous phase appears red, it means that the emulsion is o/w type as water is in the external phase and the dye
will dissolve in it to give colour. If the scattered globules appear red and continuous phase colourless, then it is w/o
type. Similarly, if an oil-soluble dye (Scarlet red C or Sudan III) is added to an emulsion and the continuous phase
appears red, then it is w/o emulsion.
2. Homogeneity: Homogeneity was tested via the visual appearance and test.

14. 1. Result
I. Physical properties: The physical properties of formulated cream were observed by
colour, odour and appearance.
Test Brand A Brand B Brand C Brand D Brand E
Colour White White White Colourless White
Odour Characteristic Characteristic Characteristic Odourless Characteristic
Appearance Semi-Solid Semi-Solid Semi-Solid Jelly Semi-Solid
II. Washability: The cream applied on skin was easily removed by washing with tap water.
( note :-
Test Brand A Brand B Brand C Brand D Brand E
Washability ++++ ++++ +++ + ++
Table No 1:-Physical Properties
Table No 2:- Washability Test

15. II. pH Test : The pH of the cream was found to be in range of 5.6 to 6.8 which is good for
skin pH.
Test Brand A Brand B Brand C Brand D Brand E
pH 6.12 6.00 6.00 6.37 6.45
III. Irritancy test: The formulated cream shows no redness, edema, irritation and
inflammation during studies. The formulated cream is safe to use.
IV. Test for microbial growth: There was no signs of microbial growth after 24 hrs. of
incubation at 37ºC and it was comparable with the control.
V. Saponification value: The saponification value results of formulated cream was shown
in table no. and showed satisfactory values.
Test Brand A Brand B Brand C Brand D Brand E
Saponification value -5.35 -28.42 6.76 -69.80 -45.22
Table No 3:- pH Test
Table No 4:- Saponification Value

16. II. Acid value: The acid value results of formulated cream was shown in table no. and
III. showed satisfactory values.
Test Brand A Brand B Brand C Brand D Brand E
Acid value 2.91 7.53 7.00 0.31 3.17
IV. Dye test: The amaranth dye is mixed with the cream. Place a drop of the cream on a
microscopic slide covers it with a cover slip, and examines it under a microscope. The
disperse globules appears colorless in the red ground i.e. w/o type cream.
Test Brand A Brand B Brand C Brand D Brand E
Dye test (O/W) (O/W) (O/W) (W/O) (W/O)
V. Homogeneity: The homogeneity of the formulated cream was judged by the visual
appearance and touch. The appearance and touch of the cream were good. [14]

17. THANK YOU