shampoo, sunscren, cold cream

1. Assignment on building blocks
shampoo
 Submitted by-
 Surya prabhakar SIngh
 M.pharma 1st yr
(pharmaceutics)
 B U , jhansi
 Submitted to-
 Dr. Alok mahor
 Assistant professor;
 Institute of pharmacy
 Bundelkhand University
 Jhansi

2. Content
 Introduction
 Need of shampoo
 Building blocks- shampoo
 Formulation of shampoo
 Raw material of shampoo
 Mechanism of shampoo
 Type of shampoo and its Formula
 Quality control of shampoo
 Evolution test
 Reference

3. Introduction
 A shampoo isahair care product, typically in the
form of viscous liquid that is used for cleaning
hair to remove dirt, dandruff, pollutants, and
other contaminant particles that gradually builds
up in hair.
 The goal is to remove the unwanted build - up
without striping out so much as to make hair
unmanageable.
 Shampooing is frequently followed by
conditioners which increase the ease of combing
and styling.

4. Why are we Need shampoo….?
 The skin on our head
produces agreasy fluid
called Sebum.
 It is produced to protect
the hair, by coatingitself
all over the head.
 This gives the hair
ahealthy shine but when
secreted in large amountit
makes the hair lookdirty.

5. Building blocks for - shampoo
 A Shampoo is a preparation of a surfactant in a suitable form – liquid,
solid or powder which when used under the specialized conditions
will remove surface grease, dirt and skin debris from the hair shaft
and scalp without adversely affecting the user.
Ideal Properties :-
 It should produce good amount of foam.
 It Should beeasily removed on rinsing with water.
 It Should impartapleasant fragrance to the hair.
 It should not cause any side affectsor irritation to the skin or eye.
 It should be effectively or completely removedust or soil. • Itshould
not make the hand rough.

6. Raw materials For formulation of shampoo
The basic ingredients in a shampoo formation are as follows:
 1. Water
 2. Surfactants: ammonium lauryl sulphate, sodium lauryl sulphate and
sodium laureth sulphate.
 3. Foam Boosters: betaines or alkanolamides
 4. Thickeners: Carboxy methyl cellulose, Nac
 5. Conditioning agents: silicones such as methicone and quarternaryagents
 6. Preservatives: DMDMHydantoin and methylparaben.
 7. Antidandruff Agents: Selenium sulphide, inc pyrithone, salicylic acid.

7. 9. Aesthetic Additives:
Colorants: glycerine
distereate
10. UV absorbers: These are
often benophenone
derivatives Opacifiers:
EDGS Fragrance:Limonene,
Ethyl isovalerate
Ethylisovalerate (apple
scent) Vanillin (Vanilla
scent) Limonene (citrus
scent)

9. Mechanism of shampoo- cleaning
process
 The surfactant molecules present in shampoo hasahydrophilic 'head'
anda lipophylic 'tail’.
 When we apply shampoo and water to the hair and generate lather,
the hydrophilic end isdrawn towards water while the tail isdrawn
towards grease and oil on the hair and scalp.
 The oil and grease contains dirt and skin particles.
 At high concentration the surfactants form miscelle. When
shampooing, anionic surfactants containing hydrophobic tail
getsadsorbed togrease or dirt of hair.
 Thus, these dirt are removed by further rinsing.

10. Mechanism action - shampoo

11. Manufacture process of shampoo
 Proportion of ingredients in 50g shampoo
(used in the lab):

12. Procedure
 In a beaker 0. 5g of CMC was taken
and it was dissolved in 12 mLof
distilled water.
 In another beaker 10g of SLS was
taken and 38 mL of distilled water
was added to it. It was then heated
on water bath for 20 mins.
 It was added to the beaker
containingCMC with constant
stirring. Then 1qCPB and 0. 5g
methicone was added to it.
 A pinch of citric acid was added.
Later adrop of color and adrop
perfume were added. A pinch of
NaCl was also added.

13. Composition of shampoo:-

15. Quality control test
 After ashampoo formula is developed, it is tested to ensure
that its qualities will minimaly change over time. And to
ensure that theshampoo is safe for using. Some of the
testsarelisted below:
 Foam and foam stability
 Detergency and cleansing action
 Eye irritation
 Oral toxicity
 pH test
 Skin irritation test
 Viscosity measurements

16. Evolution test of shampoo
1) Determination of percent of solid contents:
Aclean dry evaporating dish was weighed and added 4g of shampoo to it.
Evapourating dish with the shampoo was weighed. The exact weight of
shampoo was calculated the evapouratingdish with the shampoo was placed
on a hot plate until the liquid portion evapourates. . The weight of
shampoo only (solids) after drying was calculated.
2) Determination of pH:
The pHof 10% shampoo solution in distilled water was determined at room
temperature usingadigital pH meter. B) Determination of viscosity: It is
determined using Brookfield viscometer. 100ml of shampoo is taken in a
beaker a spindle is dipped in it for about 5 minutes and then reading is
taken.

17. 4) Foaming ability a Foam stability: -
50ml of 1% shampoo solution was put into a 250ml cylinder and
covered thecylinder with hand and shaken for 10 times. The total
volume of the foam contents after 1 minute shaking were recorded.
The foamvolume was calculated after shaking the volume of the foam
at 1 minute interval for4 minutes were recorded.
5) Skin irritation test:
• Patch test technique is used here. A set of 6 rabbits were used for
testing each material. The shampoo preparations are diluted
between concentrations of 8 - 10%. Patches containing the shampoo
preparations were applied a then removed, the skin sites were noted
for any changes on the surface of skin like edema, erythema
formation. These products are then classified as mild irritant,
moderate a severe.

18. 6) Cleaning action:
5g of woolyarn were placed in grease, after that it was placed in
200ml of water containing 1g of shampoo in a flask. Temperature
was maintained at 35 ° C. The flask was shaked for 4 minutes at the
rate of 50 times a minute. The solution was removed and sample
was taken out, dried and weighed a calculated the amount of grease
removed.
7) Dirt dispersion:
Two drops of shampoowere added in a large test tube containing
10ml of distilled water. 1drop of ink was added; the test tube was
stoppered and shaked it 10 times. The amount of ink in the foam
was estimated as none, light, moderate or heavy.

19. 8) Surface tension measurement:
Measurements were carried out with a 10% shampoo solution in
distilled water at room temperature. Thoroughly clean the
stalagmometer with purified water because surface tension is highly
affected with grease or other lubricants.
9) Eye irritation test:
About 1% shampoo solution was dripped into the eyes of 6 albinorats
with their eyes held open with the clips at the lid. The progressive
damage to the rabbit's eyes was recorded at specific intervals over an
average period of 4 seconds. Reaction to the irritants can include
swelling of the eyelid, inflammation of the iris, ulceration,
haemorrhaging and blindness.

20. Indian market product:-
 These are some
following Indian
shampoo products:-
 Head and shoulder
 Clinic Plus
 Dove…etc.

21. Reference
 • B. M. Mithal and R. N. Shah handbook of cosmetic.
 • Gupta. Pharmaceutics and cosmetics
 • S. Saraf, cosmetics a practical manual 2nd edition p.
P Sharma
 CR Cosmetics Formulation Manufacturing And Quality
Control,
 P. P. Sharma, 5th Edition, Page no - 155 - 188, 327 -
349.
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