Perception of Students on Modular Distance Learning [Autosaved].pptx

Students’ Perception on
Modular Distance Learning
The Researchers:
Aliane Ruth L. Lapidez
SherynV. Havana
LeonyTheresaV. Bentoso
Hazel J. Calderon
Angel Mae Otaza
Rizalyn P. Baclot
Lovely Jane Salas

Chapter I
• BACKGROUND OFTHE STUDY
• STATEMENT OFTHE PROBLEM
• THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
• SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS
• SIGNIFICANCE OFTHE STUDY
• DEFINITION OFTERMS
THE PROBLEMAND ITS SETTINGS

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
BACKGROUND OFTHE STUDY
Education is the process of facilitating learning,
or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values,
morals, beliefs, and habits. Educational
methods include teaching, training, storytelling,
discussion, and directed research.

BACKGROUND OFTHE STUDY
•Education creates a country’s economy and society;
therefore, it is the achievement of a nation’s development. It
offers knowledge and skills to the people and shapes the
personality of the youth of a nation. Education is very vital for
a person's victory in life. It can give a big influence on human
opportunity in continuing their life quality. Education is
generally seen as the foundation of society which brings
economic wealth, social prosperity, and political stability.
Economic and social status depends on education obtained by
individual since education contributes to individual capability
in managing quality of life.The key purpose of this study is to
find out the challenges encountered, and opinions of students
in the implementation of Modular Distance Learning.

THE PROBLEMAND ITS SETTING
•The outbreak of the new coronavirus infection
known as COVID-19 has first occurred at Huanan
Seafood Market in Wuhan city of China in
December 2019 and within a couple of months it
has turned out to be a global health emergency. It
has rapidly affected thousands of people, who are
sick or killed due to this disease’s spread.The
COVID-19 pandemic also resulted in widespread
disruption such as travel restrictions, closure of
schools, global economic recession

•Most countries around the world have temporarily closed
educational institutions to contain the spread of the virus
and reduce infections. Face-to-face engagement of
students and teachers within the school has also been
suspended.The Philippines is in the process of adapting to
the new normal form of education at present, and
continuous innovations of educators and active
involvement of other stakeholders are the driving force of
its success. For the continuity of education and for every
school to still attain its mission and vision which is to
provide quality education to every Filipino learner, the
Department of Education implemented the Modular
Distance Learning (Ellen Arazando,2020).

• In 2020, the pandemic came and brought changes
in many perspectives of our lives including our
education and academic life.While COVID-19
Pandemic sent educational institutions scrambling
to move classes online, many that there are other
modes of distance learning. Online learning is not
the only type of distance learning. However, the
most popular mode of distance learning under
consideration is modular learning.

•To make sure that learning remains unhampered, DEPED
implemented a distance learning approach a learning
delivery mode, where interaction takes place between
the teachers and the students who are geographically
remote from each other during instruction.This means
lessons will be delivered outside the traditional face-to-
face setup.The modules include sections on motivation
and assessment that serve as a complete guide of both
teachers’ and students’ desired competencies.Teachers
will monitor the learner’s progress through home visits
(following social distancing protocols) and feedback
mechanisms and guide those who need special
attention.

• Modular learning is the most popular type of
Distance Learning. In the Philippines, this learning
modality is currently used by all public schools
because according to a survey conducted by the
Department of Education (DepEd), learning
through printed and digital modules emerged as
the most preferred distance learning method of
parents with children who are enrolled this
academic year (Bernardo, J. 2020).

•This is also in consideration of the learners in
rural areas where the internet is not
accessible for online learning.
•Based on the result of the survey conducted
by La Paz National High School, on the
preferred Distance Learning Modality
through the use of Learner Enrollment
Survey Form (LESF), parents preferred the
use of Modular Printed Modality.Thus, it has
become the learning set-up used by the
institution.

•These changes led to the creation of the
Basic Education Learning Continuity Plan
(BELCP) which started in the SchoolYear
2021-2022.The Learning Continuity Plan aims
to continue students’ learning even with the
World’s current health crisis (Department of
Education, 2020).

•The announcement of the Department of
Education of the Philippines on the
implementation of the Modular Distance Learning
in respond to the guidelines of the Department of
Health (DOH) and the Inter-AgencyTask Force
(IATF) for the Management of Emerging Infectious
Diseases in the Philippines and the Office of the
President (OP) marked the new era of education
system in the Philippines to prevent the delay of
education in the country (Pe Dangle and
Sumaoang,2021).

•Since modular learning is new, the difficulties and
different characteristics towards it by both the
teachers and the learners was given as the new
normal way of learning includes both the struggles
in familiarization and coping up with the ways of
modular learning with the learners and the
teachers having no background on how it works as
they were used to traditional ways and the shift
did not even have any transition.

•Hence, La Paz National High School, as a partner
of the Department of Education has followed the
mandates in the implementation of BECLP. In fact,
LPNHS was chosen as a simulation site in the
implementation of the distance learning using
Modular Printed Modality is a mechanism under
the distance learning under the BELCP. Other
modalities are Digitized Modular Modality, Online
Modality which falls under two categories,
Synchronous and Asynchronous.

•The researchers of this study seek to know the
Students’ Perception on the Modular Distance
Learning Modality in terms of content and quality
of instruction. Furthermore, the findings of this
study will help the readers understand the
students’ perspective regarding modular learning
and how it affected the educational processes
aside from the importance of the effectiveness
and efficiency of the modular learning and its
effects on their academic performance.

Statement of the Problem
• The researchers seek to find the answer on the following:
• Demographic Profile
• Age
• Sex
• Grade level
• What are the difficulties encountered by the senior high school students in
modular distance learning in terms of:
• Content
• Quality of instructions
• is there a significant influence of modular distance learning on students’
learning in terms of:
• 3.1. Content
• 3.2. Quality of instructions

Null hypothesis
• Ho: there is no significant influence in modular distance
learning on students’ learning in terms of Content and
Quality of Instruction.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
• According to Anderson and Dron (2011), historically ODL has gone through
three pedagogical approaches: Cognitive-behaviourism, social-
constructivism, and connectivism.They state that Cognitive-Behaviorist
(CB) models defined the first generation of individualized distance
education. Besides enabling large numbers of learners to get an education
at lower costs than traditional education, it also provided maximum access
and student freedom (Daniel, as cited in Anderson and Dron, 2011). Distance
Learning (DL)is relatively a new field with a historical background of nearly a
hundred years. As Gunawardena& McIsaac (2003) states DL has faced
intense growth throughout the world since the early1980s and with the
effect of technological advancements, its shape has rapidly changed from
early correspondence education, in which primarily print-based materials
were mailed to learners at a distance to a learning process that can be
accessed from anywhere at any time.

• Cognitive-behaviorism and social-constructivism
theories claim that learning occurs inside a person. Even
social constructivist views, which hold that learning is a
socially enacted process, promote the principality of the
individual in learning.The connectivist approach focuses
on the learning process as well as what has been learned
at present, in which open and distance learning resources
or environments have gained popularity, the quality of
the information learned and the importance of
converting the information into knowledge process has
made the connectivist approach more important for DL.

• According to the Department of Education (DepEd), parents and
guardians perform various roles in modular learning such as
Module-ator, Bundy-clock, and a Home innovator. As a module-
ator, they are the ones to get submit the printed self-learning
modules (SLMs) from and to schools or barangay halls at the
beginning and the end of the week, depending on the agreement
between the parents and the school. As a Bundy-clock, they must
check their child’s schedule or workweek plan. Because of the
number of subjects or activities to be done, they must see that it
is being followed accordingly to avoid cramming or delays in
submission, which may affect the child’s performance. Lastly, as
Home innovators, they must provide their children with a
productive learning environment to help them focus more on
learning. It must be a well-ventilated space in their house, with
little or no distraction.

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of Conceptual Framework of the study
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
INDEPENDENTVARIABLE
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF
MODULAR DISTANCE
LEARNING
DEPENDENTVARIABLE
DIFFICULTIES
ENCOUNTERED BYTHE
STUDENTS INTERMS OF:
CONTENTAND QUALITY
OF INSTRUCTION.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS OFTHE STUDY
•The purpose of this study is to find out the Students’
Perception on Modular Distance Learning Modality.
The respondents of the study will be the selected
Senior high School of La Paz National High School for
the SchoolYear 2021-2022.The researchers chose the
said respondents for economic reasons and the
researchers are also Senior High School students of
the said school.

SIGNIFICANCE OFTHE STUDY
• The researchers believe that this study will not only yield data
that will be helpful to us, more so the groups of people:
• The Learners. In particular, the grade11 and grade 12
students will be equipped with how modular distance learning
modality is done as to how they encountered difficulties in
studying. Hence, students may aspire to be effectively dealing
with the difficulties they
• encounter in a modular distance learning modality. On the other
hand, the study would benefit those being struggling with this
mode of
• learning by accepting the challenges they’ve faced and endured
this “New Normal”.

• TheTeachers.The result of this study will offer teachers, particularly
empirical information on the effect of modular distance learning on
the students.Thus, it will lead them to employ modular distance
learning as an effective technique in distance learning and this may
also utilize as an approach in new normal studies.
• The Future Researchers.The findings of this study will guide them on
the linguistic concerns of the students in this modular distance
learning and pave the way for more expounded studies on similar
fields.
• Administrators.The findings of the study will give them a glimpse of
the struggles and feelings of the students who encountered difficulties
during Modular Distance Learning.This may also help them craft a
program that will help the students to overcome and cope with the
difficulties they encountered.

•Parents and Guardians.The study will enable them to
see how their children struggle in the implementation of
Modular Distance Learning. It may also contribute to
more strengthened cooperation with the school.
•Community and Stakeholders.The findings of the study
will help them see the need for community support in
achieving the goals of education in the new normal.This
may also help strengthen the partnership of the school
and the community in creating a better avenue for
learning.

DEFINITION OFTERMS
•BELCP- Basic Education Learning Continuity Plan of
2020.The outbreak of COVID-19 brought this mechanism
under the Distance Learning of DEPED.
•DISTANCE LEARNING-This refers to a learning delivery
modality where learning takes place between the
teacher and the learners who are geographically remote
from each other during instruction
•LAS- (learningActivity Sheet) refers to the activity that is
given by the teacher to the learner.

•MODULAR DISTANCE LEARNING {MDL} – Feature
individualized instruction that allows learners to use
Self-Learning Module {SLMs} in print or digital format/
electronic copy, whichever applies to the learner.
•PERCEPTION- It refers to the insights of the students
in Difficulties they encountered in the Implementation
of Modular Distance Learning.
• SLM- (Self-Learning Module) refers to a module that
can be used as the reference of the learner.
DEFINITION OFTERMS

Chapter II
•REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

• The Philippines is in the process of adapting to the new
normal form of education at present, and continuous
innovations of educators and active involvement of other
stakeholders are the driving force for its success. For the
continuity of education and for every school to still attain its
mission and vision which is to provide quality education to
every Filipino learner, the Department of Education
implemented the Modular Distance Learning. Distance
Learning refers to a learning delivery modality, where
learning takes place between the teacher and the learners
who are geographically remote from each other during
instruction.This modality has three types: Modular Distance
Learning (MDL), Online Distance Learning (ODL), and
TV/Radio-Based Instruction.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

• According to Llego,N.D. (2020), Modular learning is the most
popular type of Distance Learning. In the Philippines, this
learning modality is currently used by all public schools
because according to a survey conducted by the Department
of Education (DepEd), learning through printed and digital
modules emerged as the most preferred distance learning
method of parents with children who are enrolled this
academic year.This is also in consideration of the learners in
rural areas where the internet is not accessible for online
learning.The teacher takes the responsibility of monitoring
the progress of the learners.The learners may ask assistance
from the teacher via e-mail, telephone, text message/instant
messaging among others.Where possible, the teacher shall
do home visits to learners needing remediation or
assistance.

• Many studies have been carried out targeting Open and Distance
Learning (ODL)and related fields.Thanks to the rapid
development in technology, which can be a common ground for
many fields, interdisciplinary studies among various fields have
gained importance resulting in the integration of different
concepts both into ODL and other fields.With this in mind, the
purpose of this study is to investigate the difficulties encountered
by the senior high school student of La Paz National High School
during the implementation of modular distance learning.
Ongoing studies in the field of ODL, the field of ODL have been
growing needing novelties in research, theory, and application of
ODL. Open and Distance Learning (ODL) is relatively a new field
with a historical background of nearly a hundred years.

• As Gunawardena& McIsaac (2003) states ODL has faced intense growth
throughout the world since the early 1980s and with the effect of
technological advancements, its shape has rapidly changed from early
correspondence education, in which primarily print-based materials were
mailed to learners at a distance to a learning process that can be accessed
from anywhere at any time. Although many research and studies have been
conducted on ODL, there is still a need to propose theoretical frameworks.
One of the reasons for this might be the fact that theoretical framework is
not something that can be found readily available in the literature and rapid
technology change Another reason is the fact that ODL has a close
connection with technology and rapid changes in technology result in a
necessary revision of theories, interactions, roles and content delivery
methods related to ODL. ODL is a field that needs continuing revision and
renewal mostly due to its related dynamics like technology. As McLuhan
(cited in Anderson andTron, 2011) first argued, technologies influence
usage, its definition, and the pedagogy that was supported in the learning
and design.

REVIEWOF RELATED LITERATURE
•However, Fernando, (2020) of Sunstar, Baguio City on the
other hand said that, distance learning is new, and it may
overwhelm the students.The adjustment from the face-to-
face setting to the distance learning setting may cause mood
swings among the learners. It may also cause frustration and
disappointment especially when they are having difficulty
adjusting. Unlike the normal setting, there have no friends to
talk to when they are bored and/or tired in school. He further
explains that there is also the role to ensure that actual
learning takes place. He also added that honesty by the
learners in answering the modules is the key here. Parents
and guardians must live in honesty no matter how tempting
it is for them to help their struggling children.

•Moreover, he said that there are challenges apparently
among parents and guardians in fulfilling these roles.
Students sometimes do not trust their parents and
guardians in accomplishing school tasks.They are hesitant
to ask for help thinking that their parents and guardians do
not know about the subject matter. It is up to the parents
and guardians how to get the trust of their children.The
additional roles put upon the shoulders of parents and
guardians are serious.They cannot be ignored and
overlooked.Without the commitment of parents and
guardians to embrace these roles, the quality of education
amid the pandemic will surely be compromised.

•Furthermore, Mean Chin (2020) stated that open
communication between the teacher to students and/or
teacher to parents/guardians is also part of the norm.This is to
ensure and monitor the progress of the students at home. Just
the thought of studying at home gives students the eerie
feeling of freedom and luxury of being less pressured.
Conversely, this modular distance learning has certain
adversities to both parents and students. She also cited
common disadvantages of Modular Distance Learning for a
typical Filipino student with a normal family set up. After the
opening of classes, these problems and difficulties
encountered by students, especially teachers burst into
different social media platforms.

•First,Technical Element – this has been the most substantial
issue of distance learning. Second, is the technicality which
involves the availability of devices both for students and
teachers.These are Mobile phones. Computers, Laptops,
Printers, and Internet Connection.Third is the Self Learning
Module’s Reliability. Chin (2020) said that being the pivotal
instrument of this new norm, it’s content should meet the
standard learning capacity of a student. Given that these
instructional materials will be assess by students on their
own, mostly. Next is the Sense of Authority. She mentioned
that the luxury of being less pressured. Parents become
teachers, but do not see to be as one.

•Focus and Concentration is also one of the common
challenges in modular distance learning Chin had
discussed. It is the comfort of studying at home with less or
no supervision at all. Students tend to divert their attention
instead of focusing on and prioritizing their homeschooling
first. Parent’s / Guardian’s Lastly, the Educational
Background. it may sound off but let us face the reality that
not all parents are well equipped with proper education.
The disadvantages include greater self-discipline and self-
motivation required for students, increased preparation
time and lack of concrete rewards for teachers and staff,
and greater administrative resources needed to track
students and operate multiple modules (Nardo,
M.T.B,2017).

•Moreover, Ma.Theresa Nardo, (2017), stated that
modular instruction is an alternative instructional
design that uses developed instructional materials
which are based on the needs of the students.
Students are encouraged to work on various activities
that are interesting and challenging to maintain focus
and attention, thereby encouraging independent
study.The research discusses the benefits of using
modules for instruction such as the acquisition of a
better self-study or learning skills among students.
Students engaged themselves in learning concepts
presented in the module.

•They developed a sense of responsibility in
accomplishing the tasks provided in the module.With
little or no assistance from the teacher, the learners
progressed on their own.They learned how to learn;
they were empowered. She then added that the
experiential theory of learning advocated by the
experientialists like Rogers made significant
contributions in the field of education because they
believed that all human beings have a natural desire
to learn.Thus, when there is failure to learn, it is not
caused by the person's inability to learn, but rather to
problems present with the learning situation.

•Nardo, (2017) elaborates that Rogers also maintained that
experiential learning answers the needs and wants of the
learner and involves the learner more to initiate and
evaluate himself. With this process, the learner earns long
lasting effects of what he does. He added that experiential
learning is equivalent to personal development and that
everybody has an innate tendency to learn.The teacher
facilitates the learning process by encouraging the students
to do their task, by clarifying and explaining how things
should be done, and organizing learning resources that aid
learning.The teacher does not impose his own views on the
students.

•As Nardo, (M.T.B,2017), Stated that there
are also advantages of modular
instruction. It includes more choice and
self-pacing for students; more variety
and flexibility for teachers and staff; and
increased adaptability of instructional
materials.
•

Chapter III
• RESEARCH DESIGN
• RESEARCH LOCALE
• RESEARCH RESPONDENTS
• SAMPLINGTECHNIQUE
• INSTRUMENT
• DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
• DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

•This chapter presents the methods to be used in the
study. A descriptive quantitative method was utilized
as the research design of the study. Under this
method, responses were gathered from the in-depth
interview dealing with the difficulties they
encountered in modular distance learning.This
method was chosen to gather the difficulties
encountered by the students. It also describes the
subject of the study, the population and sampling, the
instrument used, the data gathering procedure, and
statistical tools.

•Research Design
• The researcher will use quantitative approach and
survey will be used to collect data.The quantitative approach
to gathering information focuses on describing a trend or
phenomenon across a large number of participants thereby
providing the possibility of summarizing characteristics
across groups or relationships.This approach surveys a large
number of individuals and applies statistical techniques to
recognize overall patterns in the relations of processes.
According to Creswell (2014), to study the relationship of two
or more variables correlatonal research design is often used.
This research design is most common in quantitative
approach as it involves gathering data from larger groups or
sample.

• Research Locale
• The study will be conducted at La Paz National High School.The only Secondary
School in the first district of La Paz, Schools Division Office of Agusan del Sur.
Located at Barangay Poblacion, La Paz Agusan del Sur. LPNHS is situated
between 300 meters from La Paz Municipal Hospital and 100 meters away from
La Paz Evacuation Center.

•Research Respondents
• The respondents of the study will be the selected
Senior High School students of La Paz National High
School, Poblacion, La Paz, Agusan del Sur for the
SchoolYear 2021-2022.
•SamplingTechnique
• The purposive non-probability sampling is used in
this study. Selected Senior High are included
purposively.The respondents are the 25 combined
number of grade 11 and grade 12 students of La Paz
National High School.

•Instrument
•The researchers will use two parts of gathering data,
the first part is a questionnaire which is about the
demographic profile of the participants.The second
part will be about the Perception of Students on
Modular Distance Learning Modality in terms of
content and quality of instruction.The questionnaire
to be used will be a self-made questionnaire that was
carefully made and checked for the researcher to be
able to get all needed and only necessary results from
the study.

• Data Gathering Procedures
• To realize the purpose of this study, the researcher will gather
data information using the following procedure:The
researchers will also ask for the permission of theTeachers to
allow the researchers to conduct the study in their school.
Another letter will be sent to the students who are the
respondents of the study to ask for their permission to be the
respondents of the study.
• Lastly, if all needed approval will be granted, the researcher will
then meet the respondents for the conduct of the study.Written
in the letters that will be sent to them is the assurance that the
result of the study is plainly for academic purposes only.The
questionnaires will be distributed to the respondents.The data
to be gathered will be tabulated, analyzed and interpreted.

•Data Analysis Procedure
• The respondents’ responses will be tailed
tabulated by the use of the data gathered.The
following statistical tools will use in analyze of the
data percentage and distribution.This will describe
the profile of the respondents in terms of the
highest academic qualification and length of
service.

• Frequency and Percentage
• A percentage is a way of expressing a number as a fraction of 100
(percent meaning “per hundred”). It is used to express how large
are quantity is relatives to another quantity.
• Formula:
• % (Percentage) P = (F/N) x 100
• Where:
• P= Percentage
• F= Frequency
• N= Sample

•Weighted Mean: this will used to determine the average
score that the respondents obtain.
•Weighted Mean
•X = fx/n
•Where, X = weighted mean average
•F = frequency
•X = specific number of weight
•N = total number of respondents

•Standard Deviation. This statistical tool was used to
measure how spread out a data set is.This was used to
measure how far away does the numerical values of each
indicator in the independent variable and the dependent
variables were from each other.
•Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. This parametric
statistical tool was employed to determine the Students’
Perception on Modular Distance Learning.

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