Class notes on the 13 colonies

1. The 13 Colonies

2. Massachusetts

3. New England Colonies
Massachusetts

4. Region Characteristics - New England
■ New England-Massachusetts,
Rhode Island, New Hampshire,
Connecticut
■ Climate/Geography: Long
winters and rocky soil
■ Resources: whaling, fishing,
trade, lumber, shipbuilding,
some small family farms

5. Massachusetts
■Plymouth Year: 1620
Massachusetts Bay; 1630
■Founder: John Winthrop
■Type: Proprietary (self owned)
■Reason: Escaping Religious
persecution (Puritans)

6. Massachusetts
■Type of Government: self
governing—The Mayflower
Compact
■Hardships: Disease,
“starvation time”, winter
■ Laborers: colonists

7. New Hampshire
■ Year: 1680
■ Founder: Massachusetts
settlers
■ Type: royal
■ Reason: land
■ Type of Government: self
governed

8. New Hampshire
■ Important People: John Mason
■ Hardships: native americans
■ Laborers: mostly colonists

9. Connecticut
■ Year: 1636
■ Founder: Thomas Hooker
■ Type: proprietary
■ Reason: Land, disputes among
Puritan factions
■ Type of Government: written
constitution (Fundamental
Orders of Connecticut)

10. Connecticut
■ Important People: King Philip
■ Hardships: native americans
■ Laborers: Colonists, household
slaves, few natives

11. Rhode Island
■ Year: 1636
■ Founder: Roger Williams and
Anne Hutchinson
■ Type: proprietary
■ Reason: Escaping religious
persecution and religious
freedom
■ Type of Government: self-
governing

12. Rhode Island
■ Type of Government: self-
governing
■ Important People: Roger
Williams, Anne Hutchinson,
■ Hardships: Native Americans
■ Laborers: some natives,
colonists

13. Middle Colonies
Known as the “Bread Basket” and
for their Diverse Population

14. Region Characteristics - The Middle
Middle-New York, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania, Delaware
■ Climate/Geography: shorter
winters and fertile soil
■ Resources: cash crops of wheat,
rye, barley and other grains
(“Bread Basket” colonies,) also
some fur

15. New York
■ Year: 1664
■ Founder: Dutch then Duke of
York
■ Type: Joint-stock Company
■ Reason: land and profit
■ Type of Government: self-
governing

16. New York
■ Important People: Peter
Stuyvesant and Duke of York
■ Hardships: Dutch, Swedes
■ Laborers: few African slaves,
colonists, and indentured
servants.

17. Pennsylvania
■ Year: 1681
■ Founder: William Penn
■ Type: Proprietary
■ Reason: Religious freedom, safe
place for Quakers
■ Type of Government: weak
government, total religious
freedom

18. Pennsylvania
■ Important People: William
Penn
■ Hardships: None
■ Laborers: colonists, very few
slaves (Quakers didn’t believe in
slavery)

19. Delaware
■ Year: 1704
■ Founder: William Penn
■ Type: Proprietary
■ Reason: Profit
■ Type of Government: Shared
with Pennsylvania (almost none)

20. Delaware
■ Important People: None
■ Hardships: None
■ Laborers: colonists,
apprentices, few slaves

21. New Jersey
■ Year: 1664
■ Founder: Sir George Carteret
and Lord John Berkely
(Split from New York)
■ Type: Proprietary
■ Reason: religious freedom and
profit

22. New Jersey
■ Type of Government: self-
governing
■ Important People: none
■ Hardships: native Americans
■ Laborers: colonists few African
slaves, indentured servants

23. Southern Colonies

24. Region Characteristics- The South
■ Southern-Maryland, Virginia,
North Carolina, South Carolina,
Georgia
■ Climate/ Geography: warm
climate and good soil.
■ Resources: plantations
(tobacco, rice, indigo, and
cotton)

25. Virginia (Jamestown)
■ Year: 1607
■ Founded by: Sir Walter
Raleigh
■ Type: Joint Stock company-
Virginia Company of London
■ Reason: Profit

26. Virginia (Jamestown)
■ Type of Government- mixed
self governing and royal
Virginia House of Burgesses -
first elected lawmaking body in
the colonies

27. Virginia (Jamestown)
■ Hardships: malaria carrying
mosquitoes, bad drinking water,
native americans
■ Important People: John Smith,
John Rolfe, Pocahontas
■ Laborers: colonists, indentured
servants, slaves

29. Maryland
■ Year: 1634
■ Founder: Lord Baltimore
■ Type: Proprietary (Lord
Baltimore)
■ Reason: Escaping Religious
Persecution
■ Safe haven for Catholics

30. Maryland
■ Type of Government: self-
governed
■ Hardships: native Americans
■ Important People: Lord
Baltimore
■ Laborers: African and Native
slaves, indentured servants

31. The Carolinas (North and South)
■ Year: 1663 (split in 1729)
■ Founder: English settlers from
Barbados
■ Type: Proprietary until split
■ Reason: Profit and religious
freedom

32. The Carolinas (North and South)
■ Type of Government: self-
government
■ Hardships: Native Americans
and Spanish
■ Important People: none
■ Laborers: African slaves,
enslaved native Americans

33. Georgia
■ Year: 1732
■ Founder: James Oglethorpe
■ Type: Proprietary
■ Reason: Populated by
prisoners (debtors,) buffer from
Spainish Florida

34. Georgia
■ Government: Self-governing
■ Important People: James
Oglethorpe
■ Hardships: Spanish Florida and
French Louisiana
■ Laborers: African & Native
slaves, indentured servants

35. Use my map on the wall, your phone or a
Chromebook and locate the
following port cities. Add them to the TOP layer
of your map.
Boston, MA
New York, NY
Charleston, SC
Philadelphia, PA
Richmond, VA

36. Map Key - BOTTOM LAYER
Social/Cultural
P = Puritans (New England)
A = Anglican (Middle & South except for…)
RC= Roman Catholic (Maryland)
Q= Quakers (Pennsylvania, Delaware)
Economic
Gr= Grains (Middle)
FW= Fishing/Whaling (New England)
LB = Lumber (New England, Middle)
PL = Plantations (South)
T = Trading/Port Cities (Match cities on front)

37. Use shades of GREEN on the New
England Colonies.
Use shades of YELLOW on the Middle
Colonies.
Use shades of BLUE on the Southern
Colonies.
Color the Front