This document provides an overview of subtraction of whole numbers: Subtraction means taking one number away from another. The subtraction equation includes the minuend, subtrahend, and difference. To solve a subtraction problem, start by subtracting the ones digits and borrowing from the next place value if needed. Word problems involving subtraction use terms like difference, fewer, decreased by, and left. Examples show how to set up and solve subtraction equations and word problems using the ESA method of stating the equation, setting it up, and finding the answer.

1. BY JOHN ROME R. ARANAS
SUBTRACTION OF
WHOLE NUMBERS

2. What is Subtraction?
Subtraction simply means
taking one number away from
another.

3. Parts of Subtraction Equation
5,890
− 1,952
3,938
Difference – the answer in s
ubtraction equation
Minus – subtraction sy
mbol
Minuend – the n
umber to be sub
tracted
from
Subtrahend – the nu
mber that is to be su
btracted

4. How to Solve?
• 937 – 161= N
937
− 161
776
3) Repeat the process to the
last digits to be subtracted.
13
STEPS
1) Start subtracting from the ONES
digits
2) If number in the MINUEND is LOWE
R than the SUBTRAHEND, “borrow 1”
from the next
number at the left.
8

5. Try These!
7,294 − 4,903 = 𝑁
700,284 − 65,820 = 𝑁
933,592,049 − 27,492,004 = 𝑁

6. Word Problems
For subtraction:
Difference Remains
Fewer Subtract
How many more Change
How much more Decreased by
Left Saved
Less/ less than Total cost/ Total
Minus Take away

7. Example
Ashlee regularly attends to her
120-minute daily dance rehearsals.
If 35 minutes was allotted for
warm-up and for fixing self, how
much time left for the actual
practice?

8. ESA Method
E: 120 − 35 = 𝑁
S: 120
− 35
85
1010
A: 85 minutes
11

9. Example
The original price of the dress was
4,827 pesos. However, Chezberg
was able to buy it at a discounted
price of 2,999 pesos. How much
she was able to save?

10. ESA Method
E: 4,827 − 2,999 = 𝑁
S:
4,827
− 2,999
1,828
1717
A: 1,828 pesos
11173

11. Try this!
Luigi brought with him 3,482 packs
of biscuits. Throughout the day, he
was able to give away 2,837 packs
to the indigent people. How many
packs of biscuits left?

12. ESA Method
E:
S:
A: