The document defines decimals and the decimal system. It discusses place value and how numbers are written with the decimal point separating whole numbers from fractional amounts. It provides examples of how to write, round, add, subtract, multiply and divide decimals. It also explains how to convert a decimal to a fraction by multiplying the top and bottom of a decimal fraction by powers of ten.

2. Definition of Decimal
The word "Decimal" really means "based
on 10" (From Latin decima: a tenth part).
We sometimes say "decimal" when we
mean anything to do with our numbering
system, but a "Decimal Number" usually
means there is a Decimal Point.

3. PLACE VALUE
To understand decimals we
must know about PLACE
VALUE
When we write numbers,
the position (or "place") of
each number is important.
In the number 327:
The "7" is in the Units
position, meaning just 7 (or
7 "1"s),
the "2" is in the Tens
position meaning 2 tens (or
twenty),
"Three Hundred Twenty
and the "3" is in the
Hundreds position, meaning Seven"
3 hundreds.

4. As we move left, each position is 10 times bigger!
From Units, to Tens, to Hundreds
... and ...
As we move right, each position is 10 times smaller.
From Hundreds, to Tens, to Units

5. What is 10 times smaller
than Units?
Ans.1/ ths (Tenths)
10
But we must first write a
decimal point,
so we know exactly where
the Units position is
"three hundred twenty seven
and four tenths"
And that is a Decimal Number!

6. DECIMAL POINT
The decimal point is the most important part of a Decimal Num
It is exactly to the right of the Units position.
Now we can continue with smaller and smaller
values, from tenths, to hundredths, and so on, like
in this example:

7. LARGE & SMALL
So, our Decimal System lets us write numbers
as large or as small as we want, using the
decimal point.
Numbers can be placed to the left or right of a
decimal point, to indicate values
greater than one or less than one.

8. The number to the left of the decimal point is a
whole number (17 for example)
As we move further left, every number place gets 10
times bigger.
The first digit on the right
means tenths (1/10).
As we move further right, every
number place gets 10 times
smaller (one tenth as big).

10. Youacould think of a Hundredths, etc
... as Whole Number Plus Tenths,
decimal number as a whole
number plus tenths,
hundredths, etc:
Example 1: What is 2.3 ?
On the left side is "2", that is the who
The 3 is in the "tenths"
position, meaning "3 tenths", or
3/10
So, 2.3 is "2 and 3 tenths"

11. ... as a Decimal Fraction
You could think of a decimal number as a Decimal Fraction.
A Decimal Fraction is a fraction where the
denominator (the bottom number) is
a number such as 10, 100, 1000, etc (in other
words a power of ten)
So "2.3" would look like this: 23/10
And "13.76" would look like this: 1376/100

12. ... as a Whole Number and Decimal Fraction
You could think of a decimal number as a Whole Number
plus a Decimal Fraction.
So
"2.3" would look like this: 2 & 3/10
And
"13.76" would look like this: 13 & 76/100

14. What is "Rounding"
?
Rounding means reducing the digits in a number while
trying to keep its value similar.
The result is less accurate, but easier to use.
Example: 73 rounded to the nearest ten is 70,
because 73 is closer to 70 than to 80.

15. How to Round Numbers
Decide which is the last digit to
Leave it the same if the next digit is less than
keep
(this is called rounding down)
But increase it by 1 if the next digit is 5 or
more (this is called rounding upto the neare
Example: Round 74 )
to keep the "7" as it is in the 10s position
t is "4" which is less than 5, so no change is needed
Answer: 70
(74 gets "rounded down")

17. First you need to know if you are rounding to tenths,
Or maybe to "so many decimal places".
That tells you how much of the number will be left wh
Examples Because ...
3.1416 rounded to ... the next digit (1) is
hundredths is 3.14 less than 5
1.2635 rounded to ... the next digit (6) is
tenths is 1.3 5 or more
1.2635 rounded to 3 ... the next digit (5) is
decimal places is 1.264 5 or more

18. You may want to round to tens, hundreds, etc, In this
case you replace the removed digits with zero.
Examples… Because ...
... the next digit (4) is less than
134.9 rounded to tens is 130
5
12,690 rounded to thousands is ... the next digit (6) is 5 or
13,000 more
... the next digit (2) is less than
1.239 rounded to units is 1
5

21. Example: Add 3.25, 0.075 and 5
Line the decimals up: 3.25
0.075
+ 5.
"Pad" with zeros: 3.250
0.075
+ 5.000
Add: 3.250
0.075
+ 5.000
8.325

22. Subtracting decimals is easy if you keep
your work neat!
To subtract decimals, follow these steps:

23. Example: Calculate 7.005-0.55
Line the decimals up: 7.005
- 0.55
"Pad" with zeros: 7.005
- 0.550
Subtract: 7.005
- 0.550
6.455

24. Multiply without the decimal point, then re-insert it in the correct spot!
To multiply decimals follow these steps:
tiply normally, ignoring the decimal points.
Then put the decimal point in the
answer - it will have as many
In other places as the count up
decimal words, just two original
numbers combined. are after
how many numbers
the decimal point in both
numbers you are multiplying,
then the answer should have
that many numbers after its
decimal point.

25. Example: Multiply 0.03 by 1.1
start with:
0.03 1.1
multiply without decimal points:
3 11 = 33
0.03 has 2 decimal places,
and 1.1 has 1 decimal place,
so the answer has 3 decimal
places: 0.033

26. Quick method: use Long Division without the decimal point,
then re-insert the decimal point in the answer.
To divide a decimal number by a whole number:
Use Long Division (ignoring the decimal point)
Then put the decimal point in the same
spot as the dividend (the number being
divided)

27. Example: Divide 9.1 by 7
Ignore the decimal point and use Long Division:
13
7 )91
9
7
21
21
Put the decimal 0point in the
answer directly above the
decimal point in the dividend:
1.3
7 )9.1
The answer is 1.3

28. The trick is to convert the number you are dividing by to a whole
number first, by shifting the decimal point of both numbers to the
right:
Now is safe to do this if number, and can contin
It you are dividing by a whole you
remember to shift the decimal
point of both numbers the same
number of places.

29. 1.1
You are not dividing by a move 1
whole number, so you need to 5.39
1.1
53.9
11
move the decimal point so move 1
that you are dividing by a
You are now dividing by a 049
whole number: 11 )539
whole number, so you can 5
0
proceed: 53
Ignore the decimal point and 44
99
use Long Division: 99
0
Put the decimal point in the 04.9
answer directly above the 11 )53.9
decimal point in the dividend:
The answer is 4.9

31. To convert a Decimal to a Fraction follow
Step 1: Write down the decimal
divided by 1.
Step 2: Multiply both top and
bottom by 10 for every number
after the decimal point. (For
example, if there are two
numbers after the decimal, then
use 100, if there are three then

32. Example 1: Express 0.75 as a fraction
0.75
Step 1: Write down:
1
Step 2: Multiply both top and bottom
by 100 (because there were 2 digits
100
after the decimal place):
0.75 75
=
1 100
100

33. 25
Step 3: Simplify the fraction:
75 3
=
100 4
25
00 is called a decimal fraction and 3/4 is called a commo

34. Example 2: Express 0.333 as a fraction
0.333
Step 1: Write down:
1
Step 2: Multiply both top and bottom by
1,000 (there were 3 digits after the decimal
place so that is 10 10 10=1,000)
333
1,000
Step 3: Simplify Fraction: any simpler!
Can't get
Answer = 333/1,000

35. But a Special Note:
If you really meant 0.333... (in other words 3s repeating forever which
is called 3 recurring) then we need to follow a special argument. In
this case we would write down:
0.333...
1 3
0.333... 0.999...
Then MULTIPLY both sides by 3: =
1 3
And 0.999... = 1 so: 3
Answer = 1/3

36. Convert Fractions to Decimals
To convert a Fraction to a Decimal , follow the
Step 1: Find a number you can multiply by the
bottom of the fraction to make it 10, or 100, or
1000, or any 1followed by 0s.
Step 2: Multiply both top and bottom by that
number.
Step 3. Then write down just the top number,
putting the decimal place in the correct spot (one

37. Example 1: Express 3/4 as a Decimal
Step 1: We can multiply 4 by 25 to become 100
Step 2: Multiply top and bottom by 25:
25
3 75
=
4 100
25
Step 3: Write down 75 with the decimal place 2 spaces
from the right (because 100 has 2 zeros);
Answer = 0.75

38. Example 2: Express 1/3 as a Decimal
Step 1: There is no way to multiply 3 to become 10 or 100 or
any "1 followed by zeros", but we can calculate an
approximate decimal by choosing to multiply by, say, 333
333
Step 2: Multiply top and bottom by 333:
1 333
=
3 999
333
Step 3: Now, 999 is nearly 1,000, so let us write down 333 with the
decimal place 3 spaces from the right (because 1,000 has 3 zeros):
wer = 0.333 (accurate to only 3 decimal plac

40. Convert Decimal to Percent
Just move the decimal point 2 places to the right and add a "%" sign!
The easiest way to multiply by 100 is to move the
decimal point 2 places to the right:
To Percent
From Decimal
move the decimal
point 2 places to
the right, and add
the "%" sign.

41. Convert Percent to Decimal
Just move the decimal point 2 places to the left and remove the "%" sign!
The easiest way to divide by 100 is to move the decimal point
2 places to the left.
So:
To Decimal
From Percent
move the decimal
point 2 places to
the left, and remove
the "%" sign.

42. THEREFORE,FROM THE PRESENTATION WE
COME TO KNOW THAT DECIMALS IS A VERY
EASY TOPIC AND IS CLOSELY RELATED TO
FRACTIONS & PERCENTAGES. MOREOVER,
DECIMAL NO.S ARE OF MUCH SIGNIFICANCE
IN MATHEMATICS & OUR DAILY LIFE.