Population Education

1. EDU 06
POPULATION
EDUCATION

2. POPULATION EDUCATION –
NEED, TRENDS IN
DEMOGRAPHY,
POPULATION EXPLOSION
AND ADVERSE EFFECT

3. POPULATION EDUCATION

4. A process of bringing about a change
in the attitudes and behavior patterns
of the individual which may enable
him to make rational decisions on
population issues and implementing
them so that it helps him to achieve
better quality of life not only for
himself but also for the family and
nation.

5. “One has strong feeling that population
education seems to be one of those areas of
knowledge where definitions will probably
follow the empirical programmes evolved
rather than the other way round. It, is
therefore, quite possible to move on the action
programmes without spending too much time
on perfecting theories”.
-Smt- Avabai B. Wadia

6. A UNESCO Conference on Population Education and
Family Planning organized at the Principal Regional Office
for Asia and the Pacific(PROAP), Bangkok in September-
October 1970 defined population education in these words,
“Population education is an educational programme which
provides for a study of the population situation in the
family, community, nation and world, with the purpose of
developing in the students rational and responsible attitudes
and behavior towards the situation”.

7. Viederman defines population education as,
“Population education is a process by which the student
investigates and explores the student investigate and
explores the nature and meaning of population
processes, population characteristics, the causes of
population change and the consequences of these
processes, characteristics and changes for himself and
his family, for society and for the world”.

8. According to Massials, “Population is
the teaching and learning of reliable
knowledge about the ways of inquiring
into the nature of human population and
the natural and human consequences of
population change”.

9. Population Education Bureau, Washington (1971) stated,
“Population education is an attempt to create a deep, universal,
action – guiding perception of the consequences of
demographic change. It seeks to bring about a realization of the
individual, family, social and environmental efforts of the
explosive increase in human population, the rapid shifts in the
concentration and distribution of people, the implications of
changing age and other demographic patterns and the
conceivable options that may be open to mankind to cope with
the consequent problems.

10. POPULATION EDUCATION AND SEX
EDUCATION
In the words of D. Gopal Rao, the differences are shown as, “The
need for population education mainly arose because of the consequences
of the imbalance between the population and world resources.” Family
life education in the west grew out of growing evidence of the
disintegration of the family, whereas sex education developed as a
reaction to an increase in general diseases and out of wedlock
pregnancies. In sex education, the stress is on the individual whereas in
population education, it is the interaction between individual, family and
society.

11. POPULATION EDUCATION AND FAMILY
PLANNING
Taylor Danier in his book Developing Foundation for Population
Education (1968) stresses the motivational relationship between a
population education programme and the practice of family planning.
Population has a two-fold task: it is both motivational relationship
(encouraging people to adopt family planning) and instructional
(teaching students in particular and people in general). Burbson
considers it relevant to include both sex education and family life
education within the scope of population education.

12. OBJECTIVES, NEED,
IMPORTANCE AND SCOPE
OF POPULATION
EDUCATION

13. OBJECTIVES OF POPULATION
EDUCATION
 To develop among the students a keen insight into the
interrelationship between population change and the process
of socio-economic development vis-versa the individual, the
family, the society, the nation and the world.
 To create among the students and the teachers an awareness
among about the population situation in the country and the
strategies adopted to meet tis critical situation.

14.  To create an awareness among children that the present
population explosion in our country is due to steady birth
rate as against rapidly falling death rate over the past
decades.
 To develop desirable attitudes and behavior in the students
and the teachers as well as in the community at large
towards the population issues so as to enable them to arrive
at rational decision about the quality of life that suits them
best.

15.  To impress upon the children that the Science and
Technology has helped us in bringing down the death
rate and that the same can help us in bringing down the
birth rate as well.
 To help children realize the socio-economic burden
involved in bringing up large families usually resulting
in deterioration in quality of living.

16. SCOPE OF POPULATION EDUCATION
Population education includes the following:
 Basic instruction in population dynamics-pattern of
population growth.
 Development of basic understanding of the process of
human reproduction.
 Understanding of health problems associated with child
bearing.

17. Appreciation of the relationship between
quality of life for a family and its size.
Appreciation of the significance of the
population characteristics and policies for social
and economic development.
Familiarly with the population policies and
family planning programmes of one’s own
country.

18. NEED AND MPORTANCE OF POPULATION
EDUCATION IN INDIA
 Controlling population explosion.
 Ensuring quality of life.
 Optimum use of natural resources.
 Maintaining and improving health.
 Checking and under-nourishment.

19.  Preparing young people for adult life.
 Creating healthy skills and attitudes.
 Giving impetus to family planning.
 Developing appropriate reproductive
behavior.
 Establishing equality of sexes.
 Increasing national wealth.

20. POPULATION EDUCATION
PROGRAMME
 NCERT should give primary level and secondary
level educational programmes on population
education.
 Curriculam planning, Education of parents and
teachers on population education, Awareness about
UNFPA programme in India and NPE on population
education.

21.  NCERT and SCERT should provide
knowledge on Family tree, Census figures,
School enrollment, Population of the region,
Comparison of budgets, Monthly budgets,
Income computation, Food requirements,
Employment, School enrollment, Basic of
needs, Standard of living, Case studies of
mother, Study of behavior, Trends, and an
average picture comparison.

22. TRENDS IN DEMOGRAPHY

23. Demography is the study of both quantitative and
qualitative aspects of human population.
Quantitative aspect includes composition, density,
distribution, growth, movement, size and structure of the
population.
Qualitative aspects are the sociological factors such as
education, quality, crime, development, diet and nutrition,
race, social class, wealth and well being.

24. Demographic trends are extremely important in education
and human resource development.
The Asian region, with a large population, is seeing
dramatic shifts in its demographic trends, including a
rapidly rising number of youth, in South Asia for example,
and at the same time, an increasing population of aging but
active citizens, such as in East Asia and Southeast Asia.

25. The disciplines of demography, epidemiology and public
health – all are concerned with human populations, with
epidemiology dependent on demography and public
health dependent on both demography and epidemiology.
The definition of demography was given by HAUSER
and DUNCAN, ‘The study of the size, territorial
distribution and composition of population, changes
there in, and the composition of such changes, which
may be identified as natality, mortality, territorial
movements and social mobility’.

26. DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS IN INDIA
 life expectancy
 literacy and education
 family size
 urbanization
 density of population

27. dependency ratio
sex ratio
age pyramids
age and sex composition
demographic indicators

28. DEMOGRAPHIC CYCLE
First Stage (High stationary)
• High birth rate and a high death rate
• Cancel each other
• Population remains stationary.
• India was in this stage till 1920.

29. Second Stage (Early expanding)
• Death rate begins to decline
• While the birth rate remains unchanged.
• Many countries in south Asia and Africa are in this
phase.

30. Third Stage (Late expanding)
• Death rate declines still further
• Birth rate tends to fall.
• The population continues to grow
• India has entered this phase.
• In a number of developing countries, birth rates have declined
rapidly.

31. Fourth Stage (Low stationary)
• Low birth and low death rate
• Population becomes stationary.
• Most industrialized countries.

32. Fifth Stage: (Declining)
• Birth rate is lower than the death rate.
• Some east European countries, are experiencing
this stage.

33. POPULATION
EXPLOSON AND
ADVERSE EFFECTS

34. Population explosion implies an
alarming increase in population resulting
in low level of living i.e. inadequate
food, education, health and other
necessities of life.

35. It is universally accepted that ’Other things
being equal’, the growing population of a
country poses several challenges in all areas of
national life.
Unchecked population has far-reaching
economic, educational, political and social
implications. All these challenges are
interrelated.

36.  Population planning is needed both by
developing and developed countries. Some of
the developed countries are experiencing
manpower shortages as there is negative
population growth i.e. population is
declining.

37.  India’s population as on March 1, 2001
according to ‘Final Results’ of the census of
India 2001 stood at 1,028,610,328(102.8
crores).
 Thus, India became only the secondary
country in the world after China to officially
cross the one billion mark.

38. India is expected to overtake China in the
year 2050 with its population of about
1572 million as against China’s
population of about 1462 million. The
relative share in the world would be 17%
and 14% respectively.

39. CAUSES OF POPULATION
EXPLOSION IN INDIA
 Gap between birth rate and death rate.
 Early marriage age.
 High fertility rate.
 High reproductive age group.
 Unmet demand for contraceptives.
 Large family concept.

40.  Lack of adequate knowledge of family planning
methods.
 Backward agricultural economy.
 Low standard of living.
 Joint family system.
 Universality of marriage.
 attitude of dependence.

41.  General illiteracy.
 Preference for son.
 Neglect of girls and women’s education.
 Less abortion rate.
 God given children.
 Social stigma for not having a child

42. ADVERSE EFFECT OF POPULATION
EDUCATION
 Low per capita income.
 Low rate of capital formation.
 Unemployment and under-employment.
 More pressure on land.
 Increased density of population.
 Poverty and subsistence level.

43.  Low standard of living.
 Unfavorable balance of payment.
 Growth of slums.
 Under-nourished population.
 Growing population.
 Uneven age structure i.e. high ratio of
dependent population.

44.  Depletion of natural resources.
 Unhygienic living conditions of the people.
 Unhealthy economy of the country.
 Illiteracy on a large scale.
 Fatalist attitude.
 Eating away the fruit of development.

45. ADVERSE EFFECT OF POPULATION
EXPLOSION ON EDUCATON
 Abnormal rush for admission
 Insufficient accommodation
 Over crowded classes.
 Insufficient infrastructure.
 Recruitment of untrained teachers in certain areas.

46. Inadequate staff.
Lack of individual contact.
Wastage and stagnation.
Very high drop-out rates.
Indiscipline.
Unemployed educated.

47. THANK YOU