Psychodynamic approach given by Sigmund Freud to be used for counselling

1. PSYCHODYNAMIC
APPROACH TO
COUNSELLING
BY:- JERRY JAMES

2. “Unexpressed emotions will never
die. They are buried alive and
will come forth later in uglier
ways.
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SIGMUND FRUED

3. INTRODUCTION
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Due to the complexity of counselling there are many
different approaches to supporting a client through the
counselling process. This can depend on the style of
additional support used or the individual exercises and
teachings a counsellor demonstrates during the one-to-
one counselling sessions. A psychodynamic approach
provides a broad range of therapeutic approaches.

4. BASIC BACKGROUND
Psychodynamic therapy helps counselling clients understand
the root cause of their problems and issues. It also helps
equip them with knowledge and suggestions to enable them
to cope with further difficulties. With a strong emphasis on
the trust between a client and counsellor or psychotherapist,
psychodynamic therapy provides the tools required to make
progress.
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5. This form of counselling has roots in the theories of Sigmund
Freud, and was initially developed in the 1940s. His studies
focused on the belief that our emotions, thoughts and
behaviour stem from the unacceptable thoughts from your
childhood that we allow to influence our current thinking.
These repressed thoughts and feelings eventually manifest as
depression, fears and conflicts. The therapy is relationship-
centred and is powered by our interactions with close friends
and family.
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6. AREA’S OF MIND
Psychodynamic Counseling is based on
Freud’s idea that true knowledge of
people and their problem is through
some particular area’s of mind

7. Want big impact? Use big image.
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8. ⋄ The Conscious – things that we are aware of, including feelings or
emotions, such as anger, sadness, grief, delight, surprise, and happiness.
⋄ The Subconscious – these are things that are below our conscious
awareness but fairly easily accessible. They may include, for example,
events that we have forgotten, but will easily remember when asked an
appropriate question.
⋄ The Unconscious – this is the area of the mind where memories have
been suppressed and is usually very difficult to access. Such memories
may include extremely traumatic events that have been blocked off and
require a highly skilled practitioner to help recover.
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10. EGO DEFENSE MECHANISM
REPRESSION
Banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts
and feelings from consciousness
DENIAL
Refusing to accept that certain facts
exists; insisting that something is not
true.
REGRESSION
Revert to a previous stage of
development.
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DISPLACEMENT
Shifts secual or aggressive impulses
toward a more acceptable or less
threatening object
REACTION FORMATION
The ego unconsciously makes
unacceptable impulses look like their
opposites.
RATIONALIZATION
Channeling impulses on to socially
accepted medium..

11. PROMINENT
THEORISTS

12. SIGMUND FREUD
 Sexual desires and impulses
 Emotional problems originate
in childhood
 Unconscious thoughts emerge
during therapy
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13. CARL JUNG
De-emphasis of the
importance of sexuality.
 Obstacles to prospective
striving important as conflicts.
 Division of unconscious into
archetypes
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14. ALFRED ADLER
 Most important motive is the
feeling of inferiority, in the
sense of dependence and
helplessness in infancy.
Striving for superiority as the
goal of growth.
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15. PSYCHOSEXUAL
“Freud proposed that psychological development in
childhood takes place during the five psychosexual
stages”
STAGES OF
DEVELOPMENT

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17. PSYCHODYNAMIC
APPROACH TO
COUNSELLING

18. AIM
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 To help clients to achieve insight and understanding
around the reason for their problem.
 To translate this insight into a mature capacity to cope
with any future difficulties.

19. HOW IT CAN HELP?
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Psychodynamic therapy works by understanding and
acknowledging that most emotional problems originate in a
client’s childhood, and that all experiences will have some kind
of subsequent subconscious effect on the individual. Through
supportive counselling a client will be able to identify
subconscious thoughts, and to understand how these thoughts
affect behaviour. This is done by reflecting and looking inward
at the feelings, thoughts and reactions a client expresses.

20. Problems like depression, anxiety, anger and social isolation
can all be successfully treated and improved using some form
of psychodynamic approach. This form of counselling
however, relies on the interpersonal exchange between a
counsellor and client, in order to establish and develop
positive strategies that a client can use to create changes.
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21. CORE PRINCIPLES
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 The belief that psychotherapy begins from early experiences in
a clients childhood.
 The view that all internal experiences relate to relationships
with other people.
 The acknowledgment that insight is essential in order to
achieve positive progress and success in counselling.

22. ROLE OF
COUNSELLOR

23. Today, the role of the therapist in psychodynamic therapy is
to work with the client to discover the bases for their
symptoms. The therapist plays this role by encouraging the
client to talk about the emotions they are feeling and helping
the client to identify recurring patterns in their thoughts,
emotions, and behaviours. They can aid the client in finding
the significance of these patterns and discovering the effects
they exert upon the client.
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24. One of the most important roles of the therapist is to probe
the client’s past. Discussion of the client’s childhood and
early life experiences will likely take up a large portion of
psychodynamic sessions, as this form of therapy assumes
these experiences have a significant impact on the client’s
current issues.
In general, the therapist’s role is to aid the client in
connecting the dots between their past experiences and their
current problems, and leverage their internal resources to
address these problems.
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25. TYPES OF
PSYCHODYNAMIC
THERAPY

26. BRIEF PSYCHODYNAMIC THERAPY
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This type of therapy is generally conducted over the course of
only a few sessions, or even just one session in some cases.
Sometimes an individual struggling with a specific problem
only needs to make a few important connections to overcome
that problem. For instance, if a client is suffering from acute
anxiety with no known source, the identification of an event or
circumstance that gave rise to this anxiety and a strategy for
coping can be accomplished in one session.

27. PSYCHODYNAMIC FAMILY THERAPY
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This form of psychodynamic therapy is practiced in
the context of family, whether that family is comprised of two
adults in a romantic relationship, a parent and child(ren),
siblings, grandparents and grandchildren, a traditional nuclear
family, or any combination of these family members.

28. This therapy is usually relatively long-term and often is
instigated by chronic problems in the family. Like other
psychodynamic therapies, this form focuses on unconscious
processes and unresolved conflicts but views them in the
context of family relationships. The therapist will lead the
family members through an exploration of family history,
especially any traumatic family events.
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29. PSYCHODYNAMIC ART/MUSIC THERAPY
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⋄ Like other types of psychodynamic therapy, this therapy is non-
directive and non-structured, allowing the client to lead the session.
It does not require any artistic or musical talent or ability, only that
clients are able to use music or art to express themselves.
Clients may showcase specific pieces and talk about the emotions
they evoke, connect them to events from childhood, or discuss the
meaning they find in these pieces. Or, clients might bring in a
specific song or album that they feel they can relate to on a deep level.

30. Through art and/or music, the therapist and client can build
an understanding and form an important bond. They may
find that art and music are better methods of deep
communication than talking.
This type of therapy may be particularly well suited for those
who are shy or otherwise find it difficult to talk, as well as
clients who are experiencing crippling anxiety or fear which
music or art can help to soothe.
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31. TOOLS AND
PSYCHODYNAMIC
TECHNIQUE

32. RORSCHACH INKBLOT
This is a type of projective
technique where the subject is
presented with a paper where
they have to name out the
shapes they see. It’s
interpretation seeks out
problematic aspects in the
individual.
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33. TRANSFERENCE
⋄ Client’s feelings are directed
toward the therapist as though
the therapist is the source of the
feelings. Therapist acts as a
blank screen so as the clients to
become aware of this projection
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34. DREAM ANALYSIS
It includes two components :-
Manifest content (incorporates
traces of previous days’
experiences.)
Latent content ( symbolic
version consisting of
unconscious drives and wishes)
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35. FEATURES
SPECIAL

36.  It encourages exploration and discussion of the full range of a
client’s emotions.
 Recognition that intellectual insight is not the same as
emotional insight.
 Deals with avoidance
 Recurring themes and patterns in patient’s thoughts,
feelings, self-concept, relationships, and life experiences.
 Psychodynamic therapists explore early experiences.
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37.  Past and present, and the ways in which the past tends to
“live on” in the present.
 How the past sheds lights on current psychological
difficulties.
 Freeing clients from the bonds of past expereince.
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38. CRITICISMS
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 Many have termed this approach as unscientific in its analysis of
human behaviors.
 This perspective is unfalsifiable as the theories cannot be
empirically investigated.
 Freud’s theories are subjective and impossible to scientifically test.
 Case studies are based on studying one person in detail.
 Many people consider it to be sexist and elitist bound approach.

39. CONCLUSION
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⋄ There are various approaches for counseling interviews. One of
which is the psychodynamic approach. Every approach have its own
limitations and advantages. It’s usage varies from situation to
situation and problem to problem. After all, the main objective of
the counselor is to eradicate clients issues and to relieve them from
stress and anxiety
.

40. REFERENCES
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⋄ Cherry, K. (2017). What is the Rorschach inkblot test? Very
Well. Retrieved from https://www.verywell.com/what-is-the-
rorschach-inkblot-test-2795806
⋄ Framingham, J. (2016). Rorschach inkblot test. Psych
Central. Retrieved from https://psychcentral.com/lib/rorschach-
inkblot-test/
⋄ Freud, S. (1899). The interpretation of dreams. Vienna, Austria:
Franz Deuticke.
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41. ⋄ Haggerty, J. (2016). Psychodynamic therapy. Psych
Central. Retrieved from
https://psychcentral.com/lib/psychodynamic-therapy/
⋄ McLeod, S. (2014). Psychoanalysis. Simply
Psychology. Retrieved from
https://www.simplypsychology.org/psychoanalysis.html
⋄ McNamara, P. (2017, March 3). Dream interpretation: How to
interpret your dream. Psychology Today. Retrieved from
https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/dream-
catcher/201703/dream-interpretation
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