traffic

1. MODULE 1
Overview
 This module presents the historical development of land
transportation use by man.
 It gives information on the earliest form of travel used by the man
on how they transport, carries their goods from one place to
another place and the locomotives in the Philippines and in other
Countries,
 Development of Road, Traffic Lights, and other road safety
requirements, and traffic control devices.
 It is necessary for us and to the future traffic enforcer to know the
numerous developments and modernizations of the land
transformation as to understand the present traffic problems.
Historical Background of Land
Transportation

2. Lesson 1.
 Motor Vehicles and
 Locomotives in the Philippines and
in other Countries.

3. Transportation is the
movement or conveying of
person and goods from one
location to another or that is any
device used to move an item
from one location to another.
What is transport
means ?
any device used to move
an item from one location to
another.
When people or goods are moved
from one place to another it is known
as transport.
A vehicle or system of vehicles such as buses, trains,
etc. is the means getting from one place to another.

4. The is first mood of transportation by Man?
Before every other form of transportation, humans
traveled on foot.
Can you imagine walking from Kalibo to
New Washington ?
Fortunately, human beings learned to use animals such
as donkeys, horses and camels for transportation from
4000 BC to 3000 BC.

5. Why Man Needs to Travel?
 Banish
 Nomadic
 To see the rest of the world
 To conquer the place
 To Survive
Man’s need to travel dates backs as early
as the creation of human beings.
Biblical passages alleged that when Adam and Ave ate the fruit of the forbidden
tree, they were sent out by God from Paradise of Eden. “Therefore the Lord sent him
froth from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from whence he was taken.”
Since then, the human race expanded and our ancestors constantly move from one
place to another to enable them to survive and others for various reasons. Other
biblical passages mentioned that Moses was chosen by God to speak to the
Pharoah, King of Egypt to let his children out of Egypt. So, the children of Israel were
gloriously brought out from Egypt.

6. NOMADIC.
Soon, other became nomadic.
They constantly migrate from one
place to other place according to
their own detailed knowledge of
exploitable resources.
The term nomad, from the Greek,
“to pasture,” was originally used
to refer to pastoralist groups that
migrate in an established pattern
to find pasture lands for their
domestic livestock.

7. EARLY MODES OF TRANSPORTATION:
Carrying Pole – in china and other
parts of the east, the carrying pole,
balanced on the shoulder is a popular
carrying device.
On island of Pacific, the ends of the
pole are supported by the two men,
with goods suspended from the pole
between.
Manpower. Man, who had no domesticated animals, carried his own burdens.
More so today, man power is important in transportation in many parts of the
word.

8. EARLY MODES OF TRANSPORTATION:
Back Load and Tumpline – in many
parts of the word, goods are carried
on the back. In subtemala, pots are
carried on a wood framework
supported by a tumpline across the
forehead. In the Andes, the load is
held on the back by a strap passing
over the chest.

9. EARLY MODES OF TRANSPORTATION
Sledge on rollers – the
moving of heavy
burdens was to place
them on sledge which
rested on a series of
rollers.
A. The sledge: From the beginning of human history people have dragged any
load too heavy to be carried. But large objects are often of awkward shape
and texture, liable to snag on any roughness in the ground. The natural
solution is to move them on a platform with smooth runners - a sledge.

10. EARLY MODES OF TRANSPORTATION
ledge on runners – A simple
sledge, probably man-drawn,
was in use at the end of old
Stone Age in northern Europe,
this sledge on runners is a
vehicle mounted on runners
drawn by work animals, such
as horses or dogs, and used
for transporting loads across
ice, snow, and rough ground.

11. EARLY MODES OF TRANSPORTATION
Travois – a type of sledge
formerly used by North
American Indians to carry
goods, consisting of two
joined poles pulled by a
horse or dog.

12. EARLY MODES OF TRANSPORTATION
Animal Power. The domestication of animals greatly increased the
potential power available for transportation. Pack animals were
introduces as conveyances mainly to save labor. A man can’t tend
several packs animals together, each of which (except dogs) can carry
more than he usually can. Little advantage in speed is gained unless
part of the animal’s carrying capacity and for riding.
The domestication of cattle, and more particularly the discovery that a
castrated bull becomes the docile but very powerful ox, means that
humans can transport heavier loads than before. This is done at first
on sledges, which slither adequately over the dry grass of the steppes
of southern Russia and on the parched earth of Mesopotamia. In both
regions ox-drawn sledges are in use by the 4th millennium BC

13. THE FOLLOWING ARE THE DOMESTICATED ANIMALS
DURING THE ANCIENT TIME
 OX – Cattle, which were first domesticated in Mesopotamia, were used as draft animals to draw
war chariots. Oxen are still used as draft animals in many regions of the word. In some parts of
Africa, they are used as pack animals and for riding.
 Reindeer – These were first domesticated in Siberia in the beginning of the Christian era. In the
Altai Mountains, they draw sledges somewhat like the dog sledges of the north.
 Dog – The dog, the first animal domesticated, is too slight to carry heavy loads. The plain
Indiana sometimes packed light loads on dogs back, and piled goods on a travois which the
dogs dragged. In the Far North, the dog’s team drawing sledges are the chief means of
transportation; and in of Europe, the dogs are used to draw small carts.
 Donkey – The donkey or ass, first domesticated in the Middle East. Early dogs came to use as a
pack animal before the domestication of the camel. Donkey caravans carry goods between the
cities of Southwest Asia and Egypt and the donkey is still the chief beast of burden among the
farmers of the Near East, the Mediterranean Area and Mexico, where it was introduce from
Spain.
 Llama – In pre-Columbian America, the Llama was the only new world animal other than dog
capable of domestication for use in transport. In the high Andes, the llama was used as a pack
animal by the Incas and their Spanish conqueror, as it’s by modern Andean people.

14. THE FOLLOWING ARE THE DOMESTICATED ANIMALS
DURING THE ANCIENT TIME
• Elephant – The Carthaginians used African elephant in their war against Rome but in recent
centuries, these animals have not been tamed. In India, elephants were formerly used in
war and are still employed to some extent for ceremonial processions and big game
hunting. In Burma and Thailand, these huge animals are widely used in the lumber
industry.
• Horse – Around 2,000 B.C horse drawn chariots appeared in southwest Asia and 1,000
years later, the Persians arrived with cavalry which gave mobility and power to the German
tribes who invaded Europe and to the Central Asian conqueror Genghis Khan. In Europe,
horses were used to draw wheeled vehicles and for riding for some time until the
introduction of mechanized vehicles.
• Camel – There are two kinds of camel, the two-humped Bactrian camel of Central Asia and
the one-humped dromedary of Arabia have long been used for transport. The Bactrian
camel has plodded along the caravan routes between China and Iran for at least 2,000
years. It is also used to draw carts. The dromedary, which has less endurance but it is
fleeter and special fast-paced riding camel, is bred by the Arab nomads.
• Yak – a long-haired type of cattle that lives at high altitudes on the Tibetan plateau and in
the neighboring Mountain Regions is ridden and used as a pack animal at heights were
horses and ordinary animal could not survive.