2. TAXONOMY
All organisms are classified by a hierarchy.
The term is derived from the Greek taxis
(“arrangement”) and nomos (“law”).
Carl Linnaeus “Father of Taxonomy”
Swedish physician and botanist. Who
formalized the binomial nomenclature
4. Binomial Nomenclature
Refers to how organisms are scientifically named. These named are usually
comprised of two words: the first term indicates the GENUS and the second
term indicates the SCIENTIFIC EPITHET.
5. PHYLOGENY
The evolutionary
history of a
group of
organisms.
from the Greek
word phylon
which means
“tribe” and
genesis which
means “origin”.
Phylogenetic Tree is a diagram that
represents evolutionary relationships among
organisms.
6. Parts of a Rooted Phylogenetic Tree
ROOT- Indicates that an ancestral
lineage gave rise to all organisms on
the tree
BRANCH POINT -the point where
split occurs
BASAL TAXON- lineage that evolved
early from the root and remains
unbranched
SISTER TAXA- point of two
lineages stem from the same
branch.
POLYTOMY- branch with more
than two lineages
8. Answer This!
Analyze the phylogenetic tree. Fill in the blanks
with the correct answer.
1. The root of the tree is represented by letter ______________.
2. ____________ shows common ancestor of B and C.
3. A to E represents the ________________________.
4. B and C are ____________________.
5. Which is more likely close related? A and C or C and D?
