all about the scientific names and animal classification.

1. • Sea-side Splat!

2. Key Words:
• Classification
• Taxonomy
• Taxon
• Phylogeny
• Binomial system
• Dichotomous key

3. • Classificationis the grouping of
organisms basedon similarities of features.
• Taxonomy is the science of studying classification. It looks at
features and tries to arrange themin a logical order.

4. A ‘TAXON’ is a unit of
hierarchical classification:
• ‘hierarchical’ means in ascending
sequence.
• A ‘species’ is the fundamental taxon
• Groups of similar species form the next
largest taxon called a ‘genus’.
• Groups of similar genera form the next
largest taxon called a ‘family’
• …and so on, up to the largest taxon =
Kingdom.

5. What do you notice about how the
names are written?
• Fucus vesiculosus
• Fucus serratus
• Enteromorpha intestinalis
• Patella vulgata
• Balanus balanoides
• Actinia equina
• Littorina littorea

6. ‘Binomial’ = 2 names
Fucus vesiculosus
Genus – has
a capital letter
species – all in
lower case
Italics (or underlined)
-to show the words are
different to ordinary text.

7. • Panthera leo
• Panthera tigris
• Panthera pardus
• Canis lupus ( and Canis domestica)
• Pan troglodytes
• Ovis aries
• Rattus norvegicus ; Rattus rattus
• Perca fluviatalis
• Carcharodon carcharias

8. …and some easier ones!
• Boa constrictor
• Gorilla
• Giraffus
• Hippopotamus amphibius
• Bison bison
• Equus zebra
• Tyrannosaurus rex
• Elephas maximus

9. Classification is hierarchical!
Each unit is called a TAXON –
there are 7 of them.
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species

10. Taxon Cat Man
KINGDOM
PHYLUM
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
Genus
species
Animalia Animalia
Chordata Chordata
Mammalia Mammalia
Carnivora Primates
Felidae - cats Anthropoids - apes
Felis Homo
cattus sapiens

11. You need to remember the
sequence for the exam… so
here’s how!

12. ‘King Philip Come Over For Grape
and Soda’
‘Kingdom Phylum Class Order
Family Genus and Species’

14. Phylogeny
• A phylogenetic tree is a family tree that shows ahypothesis
about the evolutionary relationships thought to exist among
groups of organisms. It does not show the actual evolutionary
history of organisms.
• Why a hypothesis?

15. Phylogenetic trees are usually based on a
combination of these lines of evidence:
Fossil record
Morphology
Embryological patterns of
development
Chromosomes andDNA

16. Fossils

17. Similar
morphology

19. Embryology

20. DNA similarities

22. A phylogenetic tree

23. The Dichotomous key
• A key is a device for easily and quickly identifying
an unknown organism.
• The dichotomous key is the most widely used type in
biological sciences.
• The user is presented with a sequence of choices between
TWO statements, couplets, based on characteristics of the
organism. By always making the correct choice, the name of
the organism will be revealed.

24. 1.
A. one pair of wings ( goto 2)
B. Two pairs of wings (goto 3)

26. Make a dichotomous key

27. Phylogenetic example:
1 a) Endotherm (constant body temperature) Goto 2
b) Ectotherm ( cold-blooded) Goto 5
2 a) Fur Goto 3
b) Feathers Parrot
3 a) Fins Whale
b) At least two legs Goto 4
4 a) wings Bat
b) 4 legs Cat
5 a) fins Fish
b) No fins or limbs Snake