AimRAD writing.pptx

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AIMRADC
WRITING
JAYSON D. VELASCO, LPT, DIT
Head Teacher III, DTWG/RTWG

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DEPARMENT OF EDUCTAION
REGION 02- SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NUEVA VIZCAYA
Region 02 - Division of Nueva Vizcaya
Department of Education
AIMRAD Structure
AIMReDCa
R
(Abstract,
Introduction,
Methodology,
Result,
Conclusion,
and

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A mnemonic for a common format used for
academic ['scientific'] research papers.
known as the APA format, as the American
Psychological Association uses the IMRAD
headings in its APA style sheet.
IMRAD is simply a more 'defined' version of the
"IBC" [Introduction, Body, Conclusion] format used
for all academic writing.
IMRAD

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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
METHODS
RESULTS & DISCUSSION

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Purpose Mini-version of the Research
Paper
Verb Tense Simple Past – refers to work done
Elements a.Principal Objectives
b.Methods Used
c.Principal Results
d.Main Conclusion (May include
simple recommendations)
e.Keywords
ABSTRACT

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Use specific words, phrases, concepts, and keywords from your
paper.
Use precise, clear, descriptive language.
Write with correct English/Filipino language grammar and spelling
as the case may be.
Write from an objective, rather than evaluative, point of view.
Define unique terms and acronyms the first time used.
Use complete sentences.
Use verbs in the active voice.
KEYWORDS: Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of
3-5 keywords
ABSTRACT WRITING STYLE

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summary or synopsis of the complete
document, written in one paragraph
elements: purpose, methods, results,
conclusions and recommendations.
ranges between 100-200 words.
ABSTRACT

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INTRODUCTION

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Introduction
Purpose Provides the Rationale for the
Study
Verb Tense Present Tense – refers to
established knowledge in the
literature
Elements a.Nature and scope of the
problem
b.Review of Relevant Literature
c.Your hypothesis/es

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Introduction
Discusses four (4) relevant ideas:
• TOPIC or subject matter: defines and
elaborates using methods of paragraph
development like classification and giving
examples
• IMPORTANCE of the Topic: cites the role
that the topic plays in your life and the
benefits you derive from it. (Evidence-based)
• REASONS for Choosing the topic:
emphasizes what motivated you to choose
the topic (evidenced-based)
• PURPOSE of the Study: discusses the
objective of the study.

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INTRODUCTION
TOPIC or Subject Matter

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Importance of the TOPIC

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Reason of Choosing
the TOPIC

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Purpose of the TOPIC

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Some Guides. . .
a. The Introduction should be relatively brief;
most journals recommend less than 1000
words.
b. Do not go into an extensive literature review;
two to four most relevant and recent citations
should be adequate to corroborate a
statement.

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METHODS
METHODS

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Purpose Describes what was done - - -
Verb Tense Simple Past – refers to work done
Elements a. Description of Research
Design/Approach
b.Procedures in logical order
- Samples
- Instruments/data gathering
- Data Analysis
METHODS

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A. Present in a simple and direct manner what has been
done, how, and when, and how the data were analyzed and
presented.
B. Provide all the information needed to allow another
researcher to judge the study or actually repeat the
experiment.
C. The simplest way to organize this section is
chronologically; include all necessary information, but avoid
unnecessary details that the readers are supposed (ought) to
know.
Methods

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a. Research Approach or Design
b. Participants /sample size/randomization
c. Tools/Research Instruments
- validity/reliability
d. Statistical methods/procedures
* Provide the Limitations of the study
Methods

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Example
Research Approach
Participants/sampling

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Instrument
Data Analysis
Procedures

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RESULTS &
DISCUSSION

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Purpose R: Presents data, the facts – what you
found and observed
D: Shows the relationship among the
facts – It puts context of previous
research
Verb Tense Present/Past Tense – emphasis on
established knowledge, results
Elements a. Translate the meaning of the data
gathered/observed
b.How results agree or disagree with
previous studies and WHY
Results and Discussion

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It is the core or heart of the paper
It needs to be clearly and simply
stated since it constitutes the new
knowledge contributed to the world

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a. Summarize and illustrate the findings in an orderly and logical
sequence
b. . The text should guide the reader through the findings, stressing the
major points.
c. Methods of presenting the data
Directly in the text, In a table or In a figure
d. All figures and tables must be accompanied by a textual presentation of
the key findings
e. Never have a table or figure that is not mentioned in the purpose or
objective of the study

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Avoid verbose expressions: e.g., instead of saying ‘‘It is clearly shown in
Table 2 that the presence of tree canopy reduced light transmission to
ground …,’’ say ‘‘Light transmission to ground was reduced by the
presence of tree canopy (Table 2).’’
• Do not report large masses of data; reduce them to statistically analyzed
summary forms and present in tables or figures along with essential
statistical information to facilitate understanding and comparing them

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Sample Table

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Purpose Summarizes principal findings and its
implications
Verb Tense Present Tense – emphasis on what
should be now be accepted as
established knowledge
Elements a. Should relate back to the
Introduction, hypothesis
b.Implications, the significance
of your results or any practical
applications

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• Conclusions are inferences, deductions, abstractions,
implications, interpretations, general statements,
and/or generalizations based upon the findings.
• Conclusions should appropriately answer the specific
questions raised at the beginning of the investigation
in the order they are given under the statement of the
problem.
• Conclusions should point out what were factually
learned from the inquiry.
• Conclusions should be formulated concisely, that is,
brief and short, yet they convey all the necessary
information
Conclusions & Recommendations

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• A recommendation is a suggested action the
researcher should take based on the
conclusions (conclusions were based on the
findings) and answers the problem statement.
• Recommendations answer WHAT NOW.
• The suggested action should be explicit (use
action verbs such as purchase, implement,
explore,retool, etc.) and detailed.
• Included a brief “how” to implement or the
next step the company should take.
Recommendations

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Brandt, C. (2010). Competition and collaboration in initial teacher education
in TESOL: A Case of a Classic Double Bind. Asian EFL Journal. 12(3),8- 39.
Cargill, M. and O’Connor, P. (2009). Writing scientific research articles: Strategy
and steps. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Journal of Young Investigators. (2005). Writing scientific manuscripts: A
guide for undergraduates. Retrieved on October 21, 2010 from: www.jyi.org
Katz, M. J. (2009). From research to manuscript: A guide to scientific writing.
Cleveland: Springer.
REFERENCES

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Thank You!

AimRAD writing.pptx

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