2.10 network layer services i pv42.10 network layer services i pv42.10 network layer services i pv4

1. Communication
Networks
Network Layer Services
IPv4 - Addressing

2. Overview of Module - 2
• Framing
• What is Framing
• Types of Framing
• Methods for identifying the
boundaries
• Flow Control
• What is flow control
• Types of flow control
• Access Control
• What is access control
• Types of access control
• Ethernet – IEEE 802.3
• Evolution of Ethernet
• Frame Format of Ethernet
• Access Control for Ethernet
• Performance Evaluation of Ethernet
• WLAN – IEEE 802.11
• Architecture
• Bluetooth
• WIFI
• Zigbee
• 6LowPan
• Network Layer Services
• IPv4
• Packet switching
• Network Layer Protocols
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3. Training Contents
• What is an IP?
• Need for an IP?
• Representation of an IP
• Classes of an IP Address
• Sub netting and its types
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4. Introduction to IP Address
• An IP address is a 32-bit address that identifies a connection to the
Internet.
• The IP addresses are universally unique.
• The address space of IPv4 is 2^32 or 4,294,967,296.
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5. Need for IP Address
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6. Without IP
Address..??
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7. How IP ‘s are used for Identification?
Network
Host
Process
Network
Host
Process
www.google.com
INDIA CALIFORNIA
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8. Few Organized Numbering Systems
+91 - 9790410977
COUNTRY
CODE
ACCESS
CODE
SERVICE
PROVIDER
CODE
SUBSCRIBER
NUMBER
1116 – 15 – 106 – 003
111615106003
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9. Representation of IP Address
Binary Representation
Dotted Decimal Representation
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10. IP Address Space
• Initially 8 bits were allotted for Network ID and remaining 24 bits
were allotted for Host ID
• 8 bits → 28 Networks → 256 Networks
• 24 bits → 224 Hosts Per Network → 16Million hosts per network
• NOT SCALABLE
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11. Class Full Addressing
1X 11X 111XX
1
1
.
.
.
0
0
.
.
. 231
231
232 address 231 address
10
10
.
.
.
11
11
.
.
.
230
230
230 address 229 address
110
110
.
.
.
111
111
.
.
.
229
229
1110
1110
.
.
.
1111
1111
.
.
.
228
228
CA CB CC CD
CE
00000000 →0
01111111 →127
10000000 →128
10111111 →191
11000000 →192
11011111 →223
11100000 →224
11101111 →239
11110000 →240
11111111 →255Visit www.youtube.com/GURUKULA for Lecture Videos

12. Finding Class of a Given IP
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13. NID and HID Organization
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14. Ok.. Now it’s your Time
• How many Network ID’s and Host ID’s are present in each classes ???
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15. Summary of all classes
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16. Blocks in
Class A
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17. Blocks in
Class B
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18. Blocks in
Class C
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19. Simple Exercise
Given the network address 17.0.0.0, find the class, the block, and the
range of the addresses.
• Solution:
• Class A because first byte lies between 0 – 127
• Net ID is 17.0.0.0 so address block ranges from (17.0.0.0 to 17.255.255.255)
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20. Simple Exercise
• Given the network address 132.21.0.0, find the class, the block, and
the range of the addresses.
• Solution:
• The class is B because the first byte is between 128 and 191.
• The addresses range from 132.21.0.0 to 132.21.255.255
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21. Simple Exercise
• Given the network address 220.34.76.0, find the class, the block, and
the range of the addresses.
• Solution:
• The class is C because the first byte is between 192 and 223
• The addresses range from 220.34.76.0 to 220.34.76.255.
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22. Not all IP Address are usable…
• Network ID or Net ID – First IP of address block
• Broad cast Address – Last IP of address block
• Types of broadcast
• Limited Broadcast
• Directed Broadcast
11.0.0.0
LBA: 255.255.255.255
11.0.0.0
20.0.0.0
DBA: 20.255.255.255

23. Try to fill the Table
IP Address Network ID Directed Broadcast ID Limited Broadcast ID
1.2.3.4 1.0.0.0 1.255.255.255 255.255.255.255
10.15.20.60 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255 255.255.255.255
130.1.2.3 130.1.0.0 130.1.255.255 255.255.255.255
150.0.150.150 150.0.0.0 150.0.255.255 255.255.255.255
200.1.10.100 200.1.10.0 200.1.10.255 255.255.255.255
220.15.1.10 220.15.1.0 220.15.1.255 255.255.255.255
250.0.1.2 NOT POSSIBLE NOT POSSIBLE NOT POSSIBLE
300.1.2.3 INCORRECT IP ADDRESS
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24. References:
• Behrouz A. Forouzan, ―Data communication and Networking, Fifth
Edition, Tata McGraw – Hill, 2013
• Larry L. Peterson, Bruce S. Davie, ―Computer Networks: A Systems
Approach, Fifth Edition, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2011.
• Few online References (Will be Mentioned in the description Section)
Thank You…