18. 18
Pancreas trauma
Reti sastopamas ar kopējo incidenci 0,4%
1,1% incidence penetrējošās traumas
0,2% trulās
traumas
Reti izolētas
Visbiežāk
daļa no
«package injury»
21. 21
Klasifikācija
Pancreas – lineārs orgāns, tā asinsapgādei un
eksokrīnajai drenāžai ir lineārs raksturs
Tā piem., 1-cm lacerācija pancreas kakliņā ir
asociēta ar lielāku mirstību, nekā līdzīga
lacerācija pancreas astē
»Pēc tāda principa ir veidota klasifikācija
Termini proksimāls un distāls bojājumi
»Orientieris a. mesenterica superior
»Proksimāls – pa labi no AMS
»Distāls – pa kreisi no AMS
24. 24
Pakāpe Pazīme Raksturojums
III Plīsums
Liels distāls plīsums vai atrāvums
ar vada bojājumu
IV Plīsums
Liels proksimāls plīsums vai atrāvums
ar vada vai ampullas bojājumu
V Plīsums Masīvs galviņas bojājums / sadragāšana
III pakāpe IV pakāpe
V pakāpe
27. 27
Netiešas bojājuma pazīmes
• Tūska ar nopietnu pancreas palielinājumu un
lobulāras struktūras zudumu
• Peripankreatisko tauku infiltrācija
• Šķidrums ap pancreas, īpaši ja ap AMS vai
bursa omentalis
• Asinis starp v.splenica un pancreas
• Šķidrums priekšējā pararenālā telpā
• Papildus duodenum bojājums
40. 40
The presence of an
abdominal wall seat
belt contusion or
Chance fracture of the
lumbar spine, or both,
carries an increased
risk for bowel and
mesenteric injury
41. 41
Gadījuma apraksts
44 g.v. ♂
Kritis no 12m augstuma uz cietas virsmas suicīda
nolūkos
Anamnēzē ārstēta depresija
TA 90/54, bāls, apjucis
Nav galvas traumas
Ekhimozes uz krūškurvja un vēdera
Palielināts vēders
Nestabils iegurnis
Makrohematūrija
48. 48
Figure 9-29 Injuries associated with pancreatic trauma in different patients.
A, Axial image from contrast-enhanced computed tomography
(CT) demonstrates a pancreatic laceration associated with liver laceration
after an assault. B, Axial image from enhanced CT in another patient
demonstrates a pancreatic laceration associated with a left adrenal
hematoma from a motor vehicle collision. SMA, Superior mesenteric artery.
49. 49
Figure 9-44 Discontinuity of the bowel wall in blunt abdominal
trauma. A, Axial image from a contrast-enhanced computed
tomographic (CT) scan demonstrates a large gastric perforation
caused by a motor vehicle collision. B, Axial image from contrast-
enhanced CT in a different patient demonstrates discontinuity of
duodenal wall after an all-terrain vehicle collision.
50. 50
Figure 9-46 Lap belt injury and bowel wall thickening. A, Axial image from a
contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scan after a motor
vehicle collision demonstrates multifocal contusion in the subcutaneous fat of
the anterior abdominal wall. B, A more inferior image demonstrates
segmental wall thickening of the sigmoid colon. Surgery confi rmed intramural
hematoma of the sigmoid colon with a small area of perforation.
Ne vienmēr precīzas un informatīvas; nav zelta standarts – neaizvieto CTQuantification scales - >3 points (1p for each space; 2p for hepatorenal or splenorenal if > 2mm fluid) -> laparatomy
1- Hepatorenāla telpa. Morisona kabata. Hipoehogēna melna svītra starp aknu kapsulu un nieres tauku fasciju
2- Perihepatiska telpa
Penetrējošu traumu tradicionāli izvērtēja operācija laikā!Transverse / axial
Coronal
Sagittal
Rektālā k/v – 50 ml k/v + 1000 ml fizioloiskā
1- The case above is an exceptional case.When the pancreas is involved in a trauma, it is almost always part of a package injury (Table).
2- This is a typical left sided package injury.There is pancreatic tail injury and also splenic injury, renal injury and pneumoperitoneum.
Atšķirībā no citiem solidiem vēdera dobuma orgāniem, pancreas ir ...
Pearl: Proximal pancreatic injuries are those that occur to the right side of the superior mesenteric artery and are associated with a worse prognosis.
Liels distāls (atbilstoši SMA) plīsums vai atrāvums ar vada bojājumu. Lesser sac = bursa omentalis.
Distal pancreatic transection. Axial image from a contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scan performed several
days after blunt abdominal trauma demonstrates a distal transection of the pancreas. Although the duct is not seen, the depth of laceration and developing pseudocyst indicate duct injury.
Liels proksimāls (atbilstoši SMA) plīsums vai atrāvums ar vada bojājumu
Axial image from a contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scan after blunt abdominal trauma demonstrates proximal
pancreatic transection.
1- Atrodam pancreas
2 – Kur ir bojājums?
All the intraperitoneal organs were normal and there was no intraperitoneal fluid.The only findings were a vague hypodense area in the pancreatic tail and some fluid behind the pancreas, best seen anteriorly to the left kidney.So the radiologist said that there was concern about pancreatic injury.The reason that he was not more definitive was that, an isolated pancreatic injury is exceptionally rare, since the pancreas is protected by the liver and spleen and the bony thorax.
During follow up this patient experienced more pain and on a follow up scan (not shown) there was impressive accumulation of fluid around the pancreas. So this patient had an isolated pancreatic injury.
Pazīmes biežuma ziņā
The convoluted course and constant peristalsis of the bowel make its assessment difficult on axial CT images.
Axial image from contrast-enhanced CT in a different patient demonstrates discontinuity of duodenal wall after an all-terrain vehicle collision
Tāpēc klasifikācijai zarnu bojājuma gadījumos nav lielas nozīmes
Pārejām zarnu daļā, ir līdzīga klasifikācija
Coronal oblique maximum intensity projection image of the right lower quadrant from a contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scan demonstrates active contrast extravasation (ACE) from a transected ileocolic artery.
Absence of wall enhancement as a sign of bowel injury. Coronal reformation from a computed tomographic scan demonstrates vessel cutoff with hematoma adjacent to the nonperfused segment of ileum