Psyche Project Configuration for Detecting and Alleviating Acute Depression
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The document discusses a project aimed at improving quality of life for citizens with affective disorders like depression. It outlines a vision called "Psyche" that aims to anticipate and alleviate acute depression through a digital platform. A configuration table presents the rationale, strategy, and tactics for a prospect to realize this vision, including leveraging the user's digital diary and questionnaire responses to detect emerging depressive episodes and provide alleviation measures. The table identifies challenges like ineffective intervention and underused platform potential, noting that anticipation works but could be improved and alleviation measures are sometimes weak or misplaced.
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Psyche Project Configuration for Detecting and Alleviating Acute Depression
- 1. I N F I N I T I VA N A A E N , I N S T I T U T F O R D ATA L O G I 2 7 . J U N I 2 0 1 8 INNOVATION OG VÆRDISKABELSE I IT-PROJEKTER S TAT U S O G VA L G I I T- P R O J E K T E R Den Hyperkomplekse Tid Sven-Olaf Schulze, Does Industry 4.0 need Systems Engineering? SWISSED15, Zurich, 2015 2 © UNITY Industrie 4.0 Elements of Industrie 4.0 Evolution and categorisation 12 SOURCE: GERMAN RESEARCH UNION and acatech, 2013 Embedded Systems Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) Physical objects, devices, … Internet of things Mainfame Data Warehouses, Internet, PC Big Data, Cloud Computing, Smart Devices Internet of Data and Services + + Sensors, actuators + Integration of high performance electronics and mini computers + Semantic description + Connected, Internet, M2M + Wireless communication Many users, 1 computer 1 user, 1 computer 1 user, many computers + IP-Capability 08/09/15 SWISSED15 in Zurich
- 2. 3 anbefalinger 1. Vær forberedt på dynamikker – tænk rationale, strategi og taktik igennem. 2. Review rationale, strategi og taktik i det kørende projekt. 3. Se potentialerne, når der træffes valg. 3 1. Vær forberedt på dynamikker – tænk rationale, strategi og taktik igennem
- 3. UsingVision Scenarios • Contrast alternatives for the main focus of a system. • Employ a quadrant system defining four quadrants along two axes. • These axes should define very distinct and yet conceivable ideas for the system. 5 Observation Intervention Citizen oriented Caretaker oriented I IV II III Vision Scenarios – Contributions from Roles Vision ScenarioII Vision ScenarioI Vision ScenarioIII Vision ScenarioIV Driving Up Driving Down DrivingRight DrivingLeft 6
- 4. Generic ideas forVision Scenario dimensions 7 offers some generic ideas for axes. Generic candidates like these might be readily applicable but often a team will benefit from inventing its own dimensions or adapt generic dimensions to suit its problem. Short range Long Range Specialization Generalization Passive Active Planned Situated Fixed Flexible Homogenous Heterogenous Narrow Wide Quantity Quality Young Old Exploiting Exploring Restrictive Lax Open Closed Elimination Amplification Online Offline Local Global Continuous Discontinuous Intrusive Non-intrusive Dynamic Static Table 18.2: Generic ideas for Vision Scenario dimensions The following chapters will present the four Roles, the reasoning behind them and how they contribute to the project. As part of that we will illustrate possible contributions to the Psyche case introduced in Part 1. Chapter 5 presented configurations for a system to help psychiatric outpatients live better with affective disorders such as depression and panic attacks. We left the Psyche case with an outstanding dilemma: The fourth Prospect – dubbed Guardian – was meant to target the most profound part of the Challenge that started the project: Panic attacks. The first three Prospects targeted simpler problems related to acute depression, a problem shared by many patients suffer- ing from affective disorders. Up to now, panic attacks have been hard to predict, hard to fend off before they hit for real, and difficult to alleviate for outpatients. Recent research howev- er suggests that prediction may be possible 30-60 minutes in advance of a full- scale attack and this may offer some minutes for possibly fending off or at least al- leviating the blow. The predictions are based on biometric data including blood oxidation, galvan- ic skin conductance, pulse, and breathing. Until recently, such biometric data have largely been out of reach for off-the-shelf wearables, but these years more 157 Eksempel: Psyche Project Assume a team is charged with this challenge: • Can wearable technologies serve to improve the life of ambulant psychiatric patients? 8
- 5. 9 Observation Intervention Citizen oriented Caretaker oriented I IV II III Several possible axes: • Intrusive/Non-intrusive. • Observation/Intervention. • Caretaker/Citizen orientation. • On demand/Continuous. 10 Vælg den mest lovende kvadrant Observation Citizen oriented Caretaker oriented Intervention I IV II III Psyche detects, identifies, and reports on emerging conditions to the citizen Psyche detects, identifies, and intervenes on emerging conditions via the citizen Psyche detects, identifies, and intervenes on emerging conditions via the caretaker Psyche detects, identifies, and reports on emerging conditions to the caretaker
- 6. Prospects • A Prospect is a product that may offer a viable solution. • May span several iterations or sprints. • A Prospect reflects a current understanding of the problem and a way to solve it. 11 Configurations • The Prospect itself, a possibly viable solution. • The Challenge and the Problem to be solved. • An expressed distant end-in-view – aVision – and the reasoning behind it. • Criteria specifying qualities desired from a solution. 12
- 7. Rationale, Strategy & Tactic • Rationale level: The logical basis for our actions – the vision that makes actions meaningful and helps us reason about strategy and tactics. • Strategic level: Achieving a major or overall aim through planned action – the overall organization of such actions and the platform created by it. • Tactical level: Actions designed to achieve a specific end – how parts of a solution are achieved. 13 Essence Configuration Tables VIEW PARADIGM (REFLECTION) PRODUCT (TRANSACTION) PROJECT (REASONING) PROCESS (APPRECIATION) Rationale (Why?) Problematic • Challenge • Problem Leverage Resolution • Vision • Warrant • Backing Rationale review Strategy (What?) Elements Architecture Qualification • Qualifier • Rebuttal Strategy review Tactics (How?) Scenarios Features Offer Tactics review 14
- 8. Foresight Configuration R 15 ate periods of acute depression. In the current Prospect these scenarios cover user supplied information and acute depression while future scenarios related to sleep quality and activity levels are marked as ideational since they might inspire later development (see section 5.2.1). View Paradigm Product Project Process Value REFLECTION TRANSACTION REASONING APPRECIATION Ratio- nale: Why? PROBLEMATIC • CHALLENGE: Improve Quality of Life (QoL) for citizens with affective disorders • PROBLEM: Acute depression is a common and serious threat to QoL LEVERAGE • Touch screen for slider-input • Handoff between smartphone and laptop • Multiple ways to signal user: Visual, sound, vibration • Sensors, GPS, cam RESOLUTION • VISION: Psyche (Foresight) - antici- pating and alleviat- ing acute depression • WARRANT: Early treatment may al- leviate acute de- pression and self- destructive behavior • BACKING: Inexpen- sive and popular platform. Extensible CRITERIA FOR RESOLUTION EXPECTATIONS: Prob- lem is well argued, Vision is practical and qualified • Anticipation is possible • Alleviation is possible FINDINGS: • Ineffective intervention • Unused platform potential Strat- egy: What? ELEMENTS • Platform tied with personality • User having a pro- file suggesting mood indicators • Mental health kit (MHK) • Acute depression period • Professional and oth- er caretakers ARCHITECTURE • Digital diary module • Digital question- naire module • Anticipation module • Alleviation module • Sleep analysis mod- ule. Physical activity monitor. Social ac- tivity monitor QUALIFICATION • QUALIFIER: Only for light depressions • REBUTTAL: Still, many can benefit from it CRITERIA FOR ARCHITECTURE EXPECTATIONS: The key components are necessary and suffi- cient to implement vision FINDINGS: Interven- tion is inadequate. Sub- stantial alleviation must fit user’s context Tac- tics: How? SCENARIOS • Writing diary • Answering the questionnaire • Experiencing acute depression • Sleep. Physical activ- ity. Social activity FEATURES • Digital diary • Questionnaire • Trend analysis • Status analysis • Alleviation repertoire • Sleep analysis. Analysis of physical activity. Analysis of social activity OFFERS • Anticipation and detection of acute depression • Alleviation of attack CRITERIA FOR OFFER EXPECTATIONS: Anti- cipation, detection, and alleviation is effective FINDINGS: Anticipa- tion works but can be improved Alleviation measures are weak and sometimes misplaced Table 5.1: Configuration Table for the Foresight Prospect The offers link scenarios and features together to form a consistent and complete implementation of the vision. Finally, Tactics review themes are outlined (see 65 ate periods of acute depression. In the current Prospect these scenarios cover user supplied information and acute depression while future scenarios related to sleep quality and activity levels are marked as ideational since they might inspire later development (see section 5.2.1). View Paradigm Product Project Process Value REFLECTION TRANSACTION REASONING APPRECIATION Ratio- nale: Why? PROBLEMATIC • CHALLENGE: Improve Quality of Life (QoL) for citizens with affective disorders • PROBLEM: Acute depression is a common and serious threat to QoL LEVERAGE • Touch screen for slider-input • Handoff between smartphone and laptop • Multiple ways to signal user: Visual, sound, vibration • Sensors, GPS, cam RESOLUTION • VISION: Psyche (Foresight) - antici- pating and alleviat- ing acute depression • WARRANT: Early treatment may al- leviate acute de- pression and self- destructive behavior • BACKING: Inexpen- sive and popular platform. Extensible CRITERIA FOR RESOLUTION EXPECTATIONS: Prob- lem is well argued, Vision is practical and qualified • Anticipation is possible • Alleviation is possible FINDINGS: • Ineffective intervention • Unused platform potential Strat- egy: What? ELEMENTS • Platform tied with personality • User having a pro- file suggesting mood indicators • Mental health kit (MHK) • Acute depression period • Professional and oth- er caretakers ARCHITECTURE • Digital diary module • Digital question- naire module • Anticipation module • Alleviation module • Sleep analysis mod- ule. Physical activity monitor. Social ac- tivity monitor QUALIFICATION • QUALIFIER: Only for light depressions • REBUTTAL: Still, many can benefit from it CRITERIA FOR ARCHITECTURE EXPECTATIONS: The key components are necessary and suffi- cient to implement vision FINDINGS: Interven- tion is inadequate. Sub- stantial alleviation must fit user’s context Tac- tics: How? SCENARIOS • Writing diary • Answering the questionnaire • Experiencing acute depression • Sleep. Physical activ- ity. Social activity FEATURES • Digital diary • Questionnaire • Trend analysis • Status analysis • Alleviation repertoire • Sleep analysis. Analysis of physical activity. Analysis of social activity OFFERS • Anticipation and detection of acute depression • Alleviation of attack CRITERIA FOR OFFER EXPECTATIONS: Anti- cipation, detection, and alleviation is effective FINDINGS: Anticipa- tion works but can be improved Alleviation measures are weak and sometimes misplaced Table 5.1: Configuration Table for the Foresight Prospect The offers link scenarios and features together to form a consistent and complete implementation of the vision. Finally, Tactics review themes are outlined (see 65 Foresight Configuration S 16ate periods of acute depression. In the current Prospect these scenarios cover user supplied information and acute depression while future scenarios related to sleep quality and activity levels are marked as ideational since they might inspire later development (see section 5.2.1). View Paradigm Product Project Process Value REFLECTION TRANSACTION REASONING APPRECIATION Ratio- nale: Why? PROBLEMATIC • CHALLENGE: Improve Quality of Life (QoL) for citizens with affective disorders • PROBLEM: Acute depression is a common and serious threat to QoL LEVERAGE • Touch screen for slider-input • Handoff between smartphone and laptop • Multiple ways to signal user: Visual, sound, vibration • Sensors, GPS, cam RESOLUTION • VISION: Psyche (Foresight) - antici- pating and alleviat- ing acute depression • WARRANT: Early treatment may al- leviate acute de- pression and self- destructive behavior • BACKING: Inexpen- sive and popular platform. Extensible CRITERIA FOR RESOLUTION EXPECTATIONS: Prob- lem is well argued, Vision is practical and qualified • Anticipation is possible • Alleviation is possible FINDINGS: • Ineffective intervention • Unused platform potential Strat- egy: What? ELEMENTS • Platform tied with personality • User having a pro- ARCHITECTURE • Digital diary module • Digital question- QUALIFICATION • QUALIFIER: Only for light depressions CRITERIA FOR ARCHITECTURE EXPECTATIONS: The key components are ate periods of acute depression. In the current Prospect these scenarios cover user supplied information and acute depression while future scenarios related to sleep quality and activity levels are marked as ideational since they might inspire later development (see section 5.2.1). View Paradigm Product Project Process Value REFLECTION TRANSACTION REASONING APPRECIATION Ratio- nale: Why? PROBLEMATIC • CHALLENGE: Improve Quality of Life (QoL) for citizens with affective disorders • PROBLEM: Acute depression is a common and serious threat to QoL LEVERAGE • Touch screen for slider-input • Handoff between smartphone and laptop • Multiple ways to signal user: Visual, sound, vibration • Sensors, GPS, cam RESOLUTION • VISION: Psyche (Foresight) - antici- pating and alleviat- ing acute depression • WARRANT: Early treatment may al- leviate acute de- pression and self- destructive behavior • BACKING: Inexpen- sive and popular platform. Extensible CRITERIA FOR RESOLUTION EXPECTATIONS: Prob- lem is well argued, Vision is practical and qualified • Anticipation is possible • Alleviation is possible FINDINGS: • Ineffective intervention • Unused platform potential Strat- egy: What? ELEMENTS • Platform tied with personality • User having a pro- file suggesting mood indicators • Mental health kit (MHK) • Acute depression period • Professional and oth- er caretakers ARCHITECTURE • Digital diary module • Digital question- naire module • Anticipation module • Alleviation module • Sleep analysis mod- ule. Physical activity monitor. Social ac- tivity monitor QUALIFICATION • QUALIFIER: Only for light depressions • REBUTTAL: Still, many can benefit from it CRITERIA FOR ARCHITECTURE EXPECTATIONS: The key components are necessary and suffi- cient to implement vision FINDINGS: Interven- tion is inadequate. Sub- stantial alleviation must fit user’s context Tac- tics: How? SCENARIOS • Writing diary • Answering the questionnaire • Experiencing acute depression FEATURES • Digital diary • Questionnaire • Trend analysis • Status analysis • Alleviation OFFERS • Anticipation and detection of acute depression • Alleviation of attack CRITERIA FOR OFFER EXPECTATIONS: Anti- cipation, detection, and alleviation is effective FINDINGS: Anticipa- tion works but can be
- 9. Foresight Configuration T 17ate periods of acute depression. In the current Prospect these scenarios cover user supplied information and acute depression while future scenarios related to sleep quality and activity levels are marked as ideational since they might inspire later development (see section 5.2.1). View Paradigm Product Project Process Value REFLECTION TRANSACTION REASONING APPRECIATION Ratio- nale: Why? PROBLEMATIC • CHALLENGE: Improve Quality of Life (QoL) for citizens with affective disorders • PROBLEM: Acute depression is a common and serious threat to QoL LEVERAGE • Touch screen for slider-input • Handoff between smartphone and laptop • Multiple ways to signal user: Visual, sound, vibration • Sensors, GPS, cam RESOLUTION • VISION: Psyche (Foresight) - antici- pating and alleviat- ing acute depression • WARRANT: Early treatment may al- leviate acute de- pression and self- destructive behavior • BACKING: Inexpen- sive and popular platform. Extensible CRITERIA FOR RESOLUTION EXPECTATIONS: Prob- lem is well argued, Vision is practical and qualified • Anticipation is possible • Alleviation is possible FINDINGS: • Ineffective intervention • Unused platform potential Strat- egy: What? ELEMENTS • Platform tied with personality • User having a pro- file suggesting mood indicators • Mental health kit (MHK) • Acute depression period • Professional and oth- er caretakers ARCHITECTURE • Digital diary module • Digital question- naire module • Anticipation module • Alleviation module • Sleep analysis mod- ule. Physical activity monitor. Social ac- tivity monitor QUALIFICATION • QUALIFIER: Only for light depressions • REBUTTAL: Still, many can benefit from it CRITERIA FOR ARCHITECTURE EXPECTATIONS: The key components are necessary and suffi- cient to implement vision FINDINGS: Interven- tion is inadequate. Sub- stantial alleviation must fit user’s context Tac- tics: How? SCENARIOS • Writing diary • Answering the questionnaire • Experiencing acute depression • Sleep. Physical activ- ity. Social activity FEATURES • Digital diary • Questionnaire • Trend analysis • Status analysis • Alleviation repertoire • Sleep analysis. Analysis of physical activity. Analysis of social activity OFFERS • Anticipation and detection of acute depression • Alleviation of attack CRITERIA FOR OFFER EXPECTATIONS: Anti- cipation, detection, and alleviation is effective FINDINGS: Anticipa- tion works but can be improved Alleviation measures are weak and sometimes misplaced Table 5.1: Configuration Table for the Foresight Prospect The offers link scenarios and features together to form a consistent and complete implementation of the vision. Finally, Tactics review themes are outlined (see egy: What? • Platform tied with personality • User having a pro- file suggesting mood indicators • Mental health kit (MHK) • Acute depression period • Professional and oth- er caretakers • Digital diary module • Digital question- naire module • Anticipation module • Alleviation module • Sleep analysis mod- ule. Physical activity monitor. Social ac- tivity monitor • QUALIFIER: Only for light depressions • REBUTTAL: Still, many can benefit from it ARCHITECTURE EXPECTATIONS: The key components are necessary and suffi- cient to implement vision FINDINGS: Interven- tion is inadequate. Sub- stantial alleviation must fit user’s context Tac- tics: How? SCENARIOS • Writing diary • Answering the questionnaire • Experiencing acute depression • Sleep. Physical activ- ity. Social activity FEATURES • Digital diary • Questionnaire • Trend analysis • Status analysis • Alleviation repertoire • Sleep analysis. Analysis of physical activity. Analysis of social activity OFFERS • Anticipation and detection of acute depression • Alleviation of attack CRITERIA FOR OFFER EXPECTATIONS: Anti- cipation, detection, and alleviation is effective FINDINGS: Anticipa- tion works but can be improved Alleviation measures are weak and sometimes misplaced Table 5.1: Configuration Table for the Foresight Prospect The offers link scenarios and features together to form a consistent and complete implementation of the vision. Finally, Tactics review themes are outlined (see 65 1. Vær forberedt på dynamikker – tænk rationale, strategi og taktik igennem
- 10. 2. Review rationale, strategi og taktik i det kørende projekt RST Reviews 20 • Rationale: The logical basis • Strategy: Overall plan • Tactics: Achieving specific ends Sprint Planning Potentially shippable product Sprint Review Product Backlog Sprint Backlog Tasks 2-4 weeks 24 hours Rationale, Strategy & Tactics Rationale, Strategy & Tactics Review
- 11. Review Procedure The review should take 4 hours or less and could follow these steps: • Preparation - deciding what products should be reviewed and listing criteria for the review of them. • Short presentation followed by comments based on criteria. • Customers and users offer their comments first. • Comments are not to be debated by the producers. • The Scribe notes issues and ideas. • Decisions based on findings are made by team and customer. • Team and customer discuss project status and revise the Configuration Table accordingly. 21 Reviews and Project Flow 22 RST: Status Pn: Prospect Sn: SprintReviews are decision points in the flow of sprints RST P1 S1 RST P1 S2 P2 S1 RST P1 S3 P2 S1 RST P2 S2 P3 S1
- 12. 2. Review rationale, strategi og taktik i det kørende projekt 3. Se potentialerne, når der træffes valg
- 13. SWOT of BusValidation Potential 25 that the value may be fair as the use of this technology – if available in the re- gion – will offer sizable advantages no matter if we choose a restrictive or guiding implementation. For these reasons we may recommend that this research be continued. Strengths Simple to implement Effective Poka-Yoke solution Weaknesses Requires NFC enabled smartphone Requires NFC-based ticketing systems Might frustrate user Bus data might be inaccurate Opportunities Can prove useful for later travel apps if we identify a broader market Threats Privacy and security issues? The bus company may not cooperate NFC-based ticketing via wearables may not be available yet Figure 17.3: SWOT analysis of Near Field Communication (NFC) research Value Analysis tries to identify potential gains from the research and this method therefore is more focused than SWOT. Our example (Figure 17.4) evaluates the potential in researching panic identification based on step detection.We are con- sidering whether step detection will be a viable strategy for detecting if Little Red Riding Hood is hurtling in panic. Potential Score (1-5) Usable 4 Secure - Efficient 5 Correct 2 Reusable 4 Portable 4 Interoperable - Cost-effective 2 Can be eliminated ? Can be substituted ? Figure 17.4: Value Analysis of panic identification based on step detection If we assume that we succeed in developing a step detection solution we might score its value as shown in Figure 17.4. The solution could be useful for the app by 163 Value Analysis of Hurtling Detection 26 Strengths Simple to implement Effective Poka-Yoke solution Weaknesses Requires NFC enabled smartphone Requires NFC-based ticketing systems Might frustrate user Bus data might be inaccurate Opportunities Can prove useful for later travel apps if we identify a broader market Threats Privacy and security issues? The bus company may not cooperate NFC-based ticketing via wearables may not be available yet Figure 17.3: SWOT analysis of Near Field Communication (NFC) research Value Analysis tries to identify potential gains from the research and this method therefore is more focused than SWOT. Our example (Figure 17.4) evaluates the potential in researching panic identification based on step detection.We are con- sidering whether step detection will be a viable strategy for detecting if Little Red Riding Hood is hurtling in panic. Potential Score (1-5) Usable 4 Secure - Efficient 5 Correct 2 Reusable 4 Portable 4 Interoperable - Cost-effective 2 Can be eliminated ? Can be substituted ? Figure 17.4: Value Analysis of panic identification based on step detection If we assume that we succeed in developing a step detection solution we might score its value as shown in Figure 17.4. The solution could be useful for the app by
- 14. Comparative Idea Evaluation PMI 27 fined categories for the comparisons. Using PMI (Figure 17.6) developed by de Bono (de Bono, 2006, pp. 18-24) we list what we think are strengths (Plus), weaknesses (Minus) and what could be in- teresting aspects and features (Interesting) of the ideas. Our analysis shows that none of these ideas can detect hiding behavior alone. Each idea has important weaknesses and strengths, but they may be combined to obtain better results. Idea Plus Minus Interesting No movement Step detection (few or slow steps) Stationary GPS Standing still may not imply hiding May be combined with the other two ideas Location good for hiding Combines GPS and maps Position accuracy Map accuracy May be combined with the other two ideas Furtive movements Step detection (unique pattern) GPS (furtive means slow) Does not detect hiding with no movement May be combined with the other two ideas Figure 17.6: PMI-evaluation of ideas for identifying hiding Based on these observations, the recommendation could be to go on by com- bining two or three of these ideas into one. No movement and furtive move- ment could probably easily be combined into one feature. The location idea relies on accurate and detailed position and map data and might not be a viable strate- gy, so we may recommend that the location idea be abandoned for the moment. Finally we might recommend adding a user input option as a supplement based on considerations similar to those for panic detection. In other words, this evalu- ation would send us back to work on the other three Views – but now with a clearer focus. 166 3. Se potentialerne, når der træffes valg
- 15. 3 anbefalinger 1. Vær forberedt på dynamikker – tænk rationale, strategi og taktik igennem. 2. Review rationale, strategi og taktik i det kørende projekt. 3. Se potentialerne, når der træffes valg. 29