EcoKnow - oplæg

Effective, co-created & compliant adaptive
case management for Knowledge workers
KK – September 18th 2018
Thomas Troels Hildebrandt, Professor
Software, Data, People & Society Section
Department of Computer Science
EcoKnow

Software, Data, People & Society
Effective, Co-created and Compliant
Adaptive Case Management for
Knowledge Workers
Infinit Seminar, October 12, 2018
Mastering the unpredictable?

Program
• 13-13:15 Welcome and brief presentation of EcoKnow
• 13:15-13:35 Jump into the future of Adaptive Case Management for
Knowledge Workers with DCR Solutions (Morten Marquard, DCR Solutions)
• 13:35-14:00 Adaptive Case Management with DCR in KMD WorkZone
(Uri Pais, KMD)
• 14:00-14:15 Coffee break
• 14:15-15:00 Not your Grandfathers BPM (Keith Swenson, Fujitsu America)
• 15:00-16.00 Plenum discussion, snacks and drinks
Thomas Hildenbrandt, hilde@di.ku.dk 314/06/2018

Effective, co-created & compliant adaptive
case management for Knowledge workers
KU – September 25th 2018
Software, Data, People & Society Section
EcoKnow ½-day Workshop

Program
• 10-10:20 Welcome and brief presentation
• 10:20-10:45 WP1: Digitization and work practice
• 10:45-11:10 WP2: Data-driven Case Management
• 11:10-11:35 WP3: Adaptive Case Management and Legal
Compliance
• 11:35-12:00 WP4: Understandability of Hybrid Process
Modelling
• 12:40-13.20 Milestones & Activities for Fall 2018:
Identification of touch points
• 13:20-14.00 Breakout and discussions in smaller groups
ITU PHD, Christensen, Møller, Hildebrandt
2017 2018
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1
WP1: Methods & practices for Effective, Co
WP2: Process Mining Technologies for Effe
WP3: Compliance Rule Modelling and Veriﬁ
WP4: Usability and understandability of hy
Baseline study
Cycle 1.1: Current work practices
Preparation Phase
R&D Cycle 1
Christensen, Petersen,
Hildebrandt, Globeteam
ITU PHD, Christensen, Cohn, Bansler, Mølle
Hildebrand
Value and Maintainability of co-createGlobeteam, Cohn
M&D1.0: Field studies for cycle 1.1.
Baseline studyKMD, MAPS, Faithful, Hildebrandt M&D2.1: Data and tools ready for Cy
Cycle 2.1: Evaluation in labKMD Postdoc, KMD, Møller, Faithful, Hildebrandt
Baseline study
Debois, Lopez,
Marquard M&D3.1: Data and tools ready for Cycle
Cycle 3.1: Evaluation in lab: Simple lawExformatics Postdoc, Debois, Marquard
ZurichExformatics Post doc visits Basin
TartuKMD Post doc visits Dumas & Maggi
Baseline studyWeber, Faithful M&D4.1: Empirical studies prepared an
Usability study: LabDTU PHD, Weber, Burratin,
Slaats
Cycle 4.1: Usability study in Lab
KMD Postdoc, KMD, Møller, Faithful, Hildebrand
Exformatics Postdoc, Debois, Marquard
KMD
DTU PHD, Weber, Burratin,
Slaats

Background: Our work & life processes are being digitalised
Thomas Hildenbrandt, hilde@di.ku.dk 6
Bank loans
Emergency management
Social services & unemployment
Travel bookings
Tax payments
Hospital construction
Research grants
Hospital treatments
14/06/2018
Transport infrastructure

Digitalisation is pushed strongly by industry & government
A STRONGER AND
MORE SECURE
DIGITAL DENMARK
Digital Strategy
2016-2020
The Government /
Loca Government Denmark /
Danish Regions /
May 2016
“~27% of all tasks in public services in
DK could potentially be automatised”
14/06/2018

Denmark has about 5.78M citizens in 98 Municipalities
14/03/2018Thomas Hildenbrandt, hilde@di.ku.dk 8
Each municipality has 1.500 – 550.000 citizens
and is of the size of 8 - 1.500 km2
About 2600 different case types,
highly regulated by law
Could we describe the case types as flow diagrams
and use them as basis for digitalisation ?Ny medarbejder
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No, digitalizing case work using flow diagrams does not scale!
• A 40 year old dream…
• But, standard flow diagrams
usually describe only a few paths
• Do not capture why activities are
ordered as they are
• Difficult to validate against
regulations and law
• Difficult to maintain when law and
practice change
• Ambitious repository with more
than 800 municipal workflows
given up January 2013
Ny medarbejder
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nummer
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kontrakter
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Modtag
underskrevet
kontrakt
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IT Leverandør
behovforPC
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Ja
14/06/2018

What happened during the last 40 years?
• 80’ties: Too rigid systems, difficult to understand & adapt digital processes
• 90’ties: New wave of business process reengineering & management,
better screens, internet standards and world-wide-web
• 00’s: Standard Business Process Model & Notation (BPMN)
• still too rigid & difficult to understand and adapt digital processes
• new demands for mobility & context-awareness
• 10’s: Emerging Case Management Modelling Notation (CMMN) standard,
Everyone talks about Big Data & Robotic Process Automation
• still too rigid and difficult to understand and adapt digital processes
• new demands for transparency, trust & privacy
• 20’ties: Will we get a future stronger & secure digital Denmark that works?

Prediction & Prescription for Case Management
Can we learn, predict and prescribe case management
activities by mining logs and data from case
management systems
- building the municipal case management GPS?
Data-driven case management,

EcoKnow: Effective, co-created & compliant adaptive case
management for knowledge workers (2017-2021)
12Thomas Hildenbrandt, hilde@di.ku.dk 14/06/2018
Can we learn, predict and
prescribe compliant case
management activities by
digitalising the law and
mine logs and data from
case management systems
- building the municipal case
management GPS?
Goals:
Reduce cost of digitalisation
Increase quality of case management
Increase effectiveness
Local anchoring – national sharing
Support for co-creation

EcoKnow focus areas
13Thomas Hildenbrandt, hilde@di.ku.dk 14/06/2018
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
1$Oxford$Research,$København)på)det)finansielle)verdenskort,$Copenhagen$2009:$
http://www.cfir.dk/Forside/Dokumenter/Københavnpådetfinansielleverdenskort.aspx$$
2$Vækstteam$for$IKT$og$digital$vækst,$ANBEFALINGER,$Januar$2014$$p.$31ff$Anbefaling)#3.)Et)nationalt)partnerskab)skal)øge)digitaliseringen)
og)automatiseringen)af)særligt)små)og)mellemstore)virksomheder)betydeligt.$$
Side/Page 17 af/of 72
Exformatics
KMD
MAPS (Italy)
Copenhagen
University
DTU
David Basin, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
Institute of information Security
Marlon Dumas & Fabrizio Maria Maggi,
University of Tartu, Estonia
Hajo Reijers, VU University, Amsterdam
Municipality partners
as early adopters:
Koncern IT - Copenhagen Municipality
IT & Digitalisation,
Syddjurs Municipality
Kammeradvokaten
& Globeteam
adaptive case management for knowledge workers
Need for adaptable digitalisation of knowledge work processes
Changing National and EU regulations (e.g. data protection)
Increased effectiveness and legal compliance
Enabling technologies
shared as open source tools
via the OS2 open source
digitalisation community
Flexibility
Effective, co-created & compliant
adaptive case management solutions
for knowledge workers
decision
support
Joos Buijs, Eindhoven Data Science Center
The Netherlands
Bank
Figur 1
Exformatics
KMD
MAPS (Italy)
d Basin, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
nstitute of information Security
on Dumas & Fabrizio Maria Maggi,
Reijers, VU University, Amsterdam
as early adopters:
Kammeradvokaten
& Globeteam
Flexibility
decision
support
uijs, Eindhoven Data Science Center
The Netherlands
Figur 1
research environment and a number of successful companies, including SimCorp. The
challenges of process aware IT systems and usability as U-CAPACITY addresses are not only
important challenges to the financial sector, but to the society as a whole and a challenge the
Danish ICT Growth Team recommends the government and companies address to strengthen
the Danish competitiveness2
. Indeed, they estimate, that the gross value added to the Danish
businesses would be between 2,6 and 6,5 billion DKK, if the share of Danish businesses with
at least one digitalized process is increased by 1%, and states as a goal for 2020 an increase
by 10%. At the same time, the report also points to a recent study showing that the Danish
businesses are seriously lacking behind the US when it comes to use and integration of IT in
the organisation, in particular for SME’s. For ComBine in particular, U-CAPACITY contributes to
the preservation of jobs outside the Cph region, increase SME’s use of ICT for digitalization
and to increase the share of e-commerce directed to Danish shops: The statistics for first
quarter of 2014 show that nordic consumers shopped in total for 8,31 billion DKK outside the
Nordic countries while 70% of the Danish consumers did shop on the internet, also about 70%
of the orders went to e-shops outside Denmark. With the strong consortium, international
collaboration and timely objectives, it is anticipated that U-CAPACITY will have a clearly visible
impact within all the involved research disciplines and more-over participate significantly to
the goal of increasing digitalization of work processes in the Danish industry.
Municipality
Exformatics
KMD
MAPS (Italy)
as early adopters:
Kammeradvokaten
& Globeteam
EcoKnow: Effective, co-created & compliant
01.10.2017 30.09.2021
Bank
9:$
skort.aspx$$
ity
Figur 1
Computer Supported Cooperative Work: Understanding
case management practices, discretion vs automation
AI & Prescriptive Process Management: Application of
historical data for finding effective paths to the goal
Adaptable digitalisation of the law and agile case
management support
Understandability and end-user adaptability of proces descriptions

Participants
30/10/2018 14
Advisory board
Three Danish universities
Several key Danish industry partners
Several key contributing partners
Three international university partners

Key Enabling Technology: Dynamic Condition Response Graphs
• Model rules (e.g. the law)
incrementally and compute routes
dynamically
• Capture why activities are ordered
as they are
• Easier to maintain when
regulations change
• Support validation via simulation
and formal analysis
14/06/2018

Digitalising Social Services Law Declaratively
Consolidation Act on Social Services
An Act to consolidate the Act on Social Services, cf. Consolidation Act No. 150 of 16 February 2015, as amended by
section 3 of Act No. 527 of 29 April 2015, section 1 of Act No. 529 of 29 April 2015, section 2 of Act No. 530 of 29
April 2015, section 1 of Act No. 649 of 18 May 2015 and Act No. 650 of 18 May 2015.
The amendment under section 1(ii) of Act No. 495 of 21 May 2013 on Amendment of Act on Social Services and
Act on Legal Protection and Administration in Social Matters (Crime preventive social initiatives) has not been
incorporated into this Consolidation Act since the Minister for Social Affairs and the Interior shall determine the
effective date of this amendment, cf. section 3(2) of Act No. 495 of 21 May 2013.
The amendment under section 1(vi) of Act No. 722 of 25 June 2014 on Amendment of Act on Social Services, Act
on Legal Protection and Administration in Social Matters and various other acts (Follow-up on evaluation of the Local
Government Reform regarding the most highly specialised social area and the most highly specialised special
educational, etc.) has not been incorporated into this Consolidation Act since the Minister for Social Affairs and the
Executive Order no. 1053 of 8 September 2015 (Current) Print-out date: 28 October 2015
Ministry: The Danish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Interior File
number: Ministry of Social Affairs and the Interior, file no. 2015-
4958
Later amendments to the
regulation ACT No. 495 of 21 May
2013 ACT No. 722 of 25 June 2014
which reimbursement may be payable and the conditions for such reimbursement.
Loss of earnings
42.–(1) The municipal council shall pay compensation for loss of earnings to persons maintaining a child under 18 in
the home whose physical or mental function is substantially and permanently impaired, or who is suffering from
serious, chronic or long-term illness. Compensation shall be subject to the condition that the child is cared for at home
as a necessary consequence of the impaired function, and that it is most expedient for the mother or father to care for
the child.
(2) The requirement in subsection (1) above that the child shall be cared for at home shall not apply to any child
mentioned in subsection (1) who has been placed in care under section 52(3)(vii) in connection with the child's hospital
visit. It is a condition that the presence of the mother or father at the hospital is a necessary consequence of the child's
functional impairment and that such presence is most expedient for the child.
(3) The compensation shall be fixed on the basis of the previous gross income, always provided that the maximum
amount of compensation shall be DKK 27,500 a month. The maximum amount shall be reduced at the ratio of hours
compensated for loss of earnings to the total number of working hours. A pension scheme contribution amounting to
10 per cent of the gross compensation shall be calculated. However, the contribution shall not exceed an amount
equivalent to the contribution previously paid by the employer. Pursuant to the Act on the Labour Market
Supplementary Pension Scheme, the municipal council shall pay Labour Market Supplementary Pension (”ATP”)
14/06/2018

DCRGraphs.net highligher tool
Understandability studies
Can domain experts create and validate the models?

Inter-disciplinary research and development
• Work package 1: Field studies of work practices and research in computer
supported cooperative work (ITU & KU)
• Work package 2:
Data & process mining for predictive and prescriptive process
management (ITU, KU, KMD, VU Amsterdam, Tartu University)
• Work package 3:
Formal models of law and processes (ITU, KU, ETH Zurich)
• Work package 4: Understandability studies of modelling tools and
methods (DTU & KU)

Data analytics
(process mining)
nd timely objectives, it is anticipated that U-CAPACITY will have a clearly visible
ll the involved research disciplines and more-over participate significantly to
easing digitalization of work processes in the Danish industry.
Exformatics
KMD
MAPS (Italy)
as early adopters:
Kammeradvokaten
& Globeteam
eed for adaptable digitalisation of knowledge work processes
1.10.2017 30.09.2021
The Netherlands
Municipalit
Exformatics
KMD
MAPS (Italy)
Copenhagen
University
DTU
as early adopters:
Kammeradvokaten
& Globeteam
01.10.2017 30.09.2021
decision
support
The Netherlands
Bank
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
enhavn)på)det)finansielle)verdenskort,$Copenhagen$2009:$
orside/Dokumenter/Københavnpådetfinansielleverdenskort.aspx$$
g$digital$vækst,$ANBEFALINGER,$Januar$2014$$p.$31ff$Anbefaling)#3.)Et)nationalt)partnerskab)skal)øge)digitaliseringen)
f)særligt)små)og)mellemstore)virksomheder)betydeligt.$$
Exformatics
KMD
MAPS (Italy)
as early adopters:
Kammeradvokaten
& Globeteam
Flexibility
decision
support
The Netherlands
Figur 1
Formalisation of
law & regulations
End-user
path-ﬁnding
Best Practices &
Robotic Process Automation
Kammeradvokaten
KMD A/S
Eskil Thygesen, Business Line Director, KMD, 49 years.
.
Education.
Mannaz Executive Leadership Education (VL), 2012.
HD(O), 2011, Copenhagen Business School.
Cand.Jur, 1994, Aarhus University.
Employment record (selected).
2016 – present: KMD, Business Line Director
2014-2016: Formpipe, VP Sales and Marketing
2006-2014: Schultz, VP Sales
-2006: Schultz, Chief executive, legal information division
ultz, Head of sales division
of operation unit
hip, management, product
om knowledge-based
o innovate,
Human Centred Computing (KU
CSCW & Agile (ITU)
Understandability (DTU)
Data Science Center Eindhoven
Tartu University
VU Amsterdam
Declarative Process Mapping &
Security (ETH Zurich, ITU)
of the orders went to e-shops outside Denmark. With the strong cons
collaboration and timely objectives, it is anticipated that U-CAPACITY
impact within all the involved research disciplines and more-over part
the goal of increasing digitalization of work processes in the Danish in
Municipality
Exformatics
KMD
MAPS (Italy)
Copenhagen
University
DTU
as early adopters:
Kammeradvokaten
& Globeteam
01.10.2017
Flexibility
Effective, co-created
adaptive case manage
for knowledge w
decision
support
The Netherlands
Bank

Prediction & Prescription for Case Management
Logs and documents from
case management systems
Prediction of outcome, e.g.
What is the chance that the
citizen gets a job within 1 year?
“Predictive Process Monitoring” by (Dumas, Maggi,
Francescomarino, Ghidini), CAiSE 2014
Prescription of case actions
optimizing the outcome
Field studies of case work–
Which predictions and prescriptions would be valuable for case workers and citizens?

DCRGraphs.com: Scenario-driven Agile Declarative Digitalisation
Identify roles, activities & data

Scenario simulation & role-play
Digital Scenario-based Declarative Digitalisation

Adding constraints
Conditions
Responses
Exclusion
Inclusion
14/06/2018

Re-visit and adapt simulations

Re-run to see if simulations are still compliant

Modify model

Re-run scenarios

Taking a step back from the flow graphs:
Scenario-driven Agile Declarative Digitalisation
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Identify roles, activities, data
Identify scenariosIdentify constraints
Interviews, post-its, role-play, simulations
14/06/2018

Case: Managing Social Services in Danish Municipalities
• Case work in municipalities is highly regulated by law
• The law changes often
• Current systems either do not provide support for compliance
or have built in constraints that are difficult to adapt locally

Open Case Manager (OCM)
• Lightweight open source process
manager client interacting with
existing systems, e.g. document
management (ESDH) systems and
an active process repository (e.g.)
DCR engine and repository)
Active Process
Repository
OCM Client
Document
management
system
OCM Client
14/06/2018

Cross organisational
• Share processes but limiting access
to activities (e.g. using roles) and
separating sensitive data from
process data.
Active Process
Repository
OCM Client
Document
management
system
OCM Client
14/06/2018

Case: Evaluation forms used at the danish arbitration court
• After an arbitration case, the court wants to do an evaluation involving all
parties by providing an electronic questionaire e.g. ”survey monkey”
• They want to be able to adapt questionaires themselves over time
• Should be able to depend on an include data dynamically
• They want to do statistics/mining over time
• Solution: Utilize the form view of DCR Graphs
Strømsted, R., Lopez, H. A., Debois, S., Marquard, M.,(2018). Dynamic Evaluation Forms using Declarative
Modelling. To be presented at Business Process Management Industry Track, Sydney, Australia.
14/06/2018

Forms are declarative processes!
Thomas Hildenbrandt, hilde@di.ku.dk 33n this field appears, it must be filled in before the form can be submitted.
e manager changes his mind and reverts his choice from “Reject” to
rove”, the description field should disappear again.
Fig. 2. Reimbursement claim approval form (initial appearance).
two notes about this form and its behaviour.
even this seemingly exceedingly simple form has fairly complex be-
when you sit down and write it out as we did in the above list. Getting
aviour right is not necessarily di cult, but it is time-consuming and
e because of the required programmer intervention.
d, the form and the rules governing it are inextricably linked with the
o which the form contributes. The little list above is littered with men-
Marquard, M., Debois, S., Slaats, T., & Hildebrandt, T. (2016). Forms are declarative processes!.
Paper presented at Business Process Management Forum 2016, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Fig. 1. Reimbursement claim approval form (rejecting).
3. If the manager chooses “Approve”, the form is complete and ma
mitted.
*
*
ns; this is an extension to the syntax and semantics of DCR graphs
s not yet appeared in the scientific literature.
CR comprises (1) a set of activities and (2) a set of relations between
ities. Activities are there to be executed, and relations indicate what
happen to the state of the DCR graph as activities are executed. By
n, executing an activity in a DCR graph may input a data value for
ity.
e name suggests a DCR graph is a graph: the nodes are activities, and
relations.
unning example, we will use the DCR graph depicted in Figure 3. This
ph is a minimal model of the travel reimbursement workflow sketched
n 2. It has just two activities (boxes): Approve or reject (to the left) and
ejection (to the right).
Fig. 3. Example DCR graph (reimbursement workflow)
*
14/06/2018

Complete evaluation form
outlined by VBA, see Fig. 5. The model uses guards to impose the desired be-
haviour; e.g.: activity C will be only included if guard “Sagstype = C” evaluates
to true, and will be excluded otherwise.
14/06/2018

Thomas Hildenbrandt, hilde@di.ku.dk 3514/06/2018the goal of increasing digitalization of work processes in the Danish industry.
Municipality
Exformatics
KMD
MAPS (Italy)
Copenhagen
University
DTU
as early adopters:
Kammeradvokaten
& Globeteam
01.10.2017 30.09.2021
Flexibility
decision
support
The Netherlands
Bank
Figur 1

Where are we now?
First version of tool for ”digitalisation of law by highlighting” presented at
BPM 2018 in Sydney
Field studies at Syddjurs and Gladsaxe (current practices)
Understanding data from jobcenter – what can be predicted?
Understandability studies – which tools are most used and for what?
The Process Yellow Marker: From Texts to Declarative Processes and Back
Hugo A. López, Søren Debois, Thomas Hildebrandt and Morten Marquard

What is next?
Open Case Manager – Adaptive Case Management co-existing with case
management systems in municipalities
Predictive process monitoring and decision support pilots
Proactive compliance support
Field studies at Syddjurs and Gladsaxe (pilot studies of new practices)

What happened during the last 50 years?
• 80’ties: Too rigid systems, difficult to understand & adapt digital processes
• 90’ties: New wave of business process reengineering & management,
better screens, internet standards and world-wide-web
• 00’s: Standard Business Process Model & Notation (BPMN)
• still too rigid & difficult to understand and adapt digital processes
• new demands for mobility & context-awareness
• 10’s: Emerging Case Management Modelling Notation (CMMN) standard,
Everyone talks about Big Data & Robotic Process Automation
• still too rigid and difficult to understand and adapt digital processes
• new demands for transparency, trust & privacy
• 20’ties: Will we get a future stronger & secure digital Denmark that works?

What’s the fuss about rigidity, understandability & adaptability?
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Ny medarbejder
Virksomhed
FM
FM
Find plads ved
skrivebord
Skrivebords-
nummer
Placer PC på
bord
Håndtering af PC
PC type
HR
HR
Ret til PC?
kontrakter
Behov for PC?
Modtag
underskrevet
kontrakt
Arkiver kontrakt
IT Leverandør
behovforPC
Nej
Ja
1970’ties flow diagrams
2010’ties Business Process Model &
Notation diagrams
[Schmidt & Bannon: Taking CSCW Seriously:
Supporting Articulation Work, 1992]
Already in 1983, researchers in Computer
Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)
concluded that office automation systems
“do not deal well with unanticipated
conditions” (Barber) & “were automating a
fiction” (Sheil)

Challenges with flow graphs & BPM systems today:
• Difficult to describe mobility & context-dependency
• Little support for formal verification of processes or simulation
• Describe only the anticipated paths – and if you try to anticipate all the
paths you get a spaghetti diagram !
• There is a gap between the law and the processes described – almost
impossible to achieve compliance
Danish Regions /

Arbejdsgangsbanken - Local Government Denmark
Compliant ?

Formal models for concurrency, mobility & context-awareness
• Research projects 1996-2011:
• My PhD project (- Danmarks Grundforskningsfond, BRICS)
• Resource Constrained & Higher-order Mobile Embedded Resources (with P. Sestoft, H.
Reif Andersen, Jens Chr. Godskesen)
• Bigraphical Programming Languages (with L. Birkedal, M. Elsmann & H. Niss - NABIIT)
• Computer Supported Mobile Adaptive Business Processes (with. H. Niss - FTP)
• Genie: Mobile Services in Context (with J. Staunstrup, A. Glenstrup, S. Debois, J. Paulin –
Strategic Research Council)
• Supervision of PhD students:
• Mikkel Bundgaard
• Søren Debois (with Birkedal)
• Espen Højsgaard
• Gian Perrone
• Wang Wusheng
• Hugo A. Lopez

Selected Publications & Tools
• A Relational Model of Non-deterministic Dataflow, with P. Panangaden &
G. Winskel, Journal of MSCS 2004
• Extending Howe’s method to early bisimulations for typed mobile
embedded resources with local names, with M. Bundgaard & J. C.
Godskesen, FST&TCS 2005
• Bigraphical Models of Context Aware Systems, with L. Birkedal, S. Debois,
E. Elsborg, H. Niss, FoSSACS 2006,
• Formalising Higher Order Mobile Embedded Business Processes with
Binding Bigraphs, with M. Bundgaard, AJ Glenstrup, E. Højsgaard, H. Niss,
COORDINATION 2008
• A Model Checker for Bigraphs, with G. Perrone & S. Debois, ACM SAC 2012

Main Results: Formal tools for specification and verification of
concurrent and mobile processes
• Foundational formal models, analysis techniques and tools for reasoning
about concurrent and mobile processes: True Concurrency & Homer
• Foundational formal meta models for concurrent and mobile processes:
Bigraphical Reactive Systems
• Formal semantics of parts of the Business Process Execution Language
(BPEL) as bigraphical reactive systems and extension to mobile processes
But the mathematical tools were difficult to get out in practice &
the process descriptions still suffered from being rigid and difficult to adapt !!

Flexibility, Adaptability and Security
• Research projects 2008-2017:
• Trustworth Pervasive Healthcare Services (with J. Bardram, A. Filiniski, F. Henglein -
Strategic Research Council)
• Flexible Cross-organisational Case Management (industrial PhD, Tijs Slaats -
Exformatics)
• ProSec: Mapping Emergency and Security Processes in the Danish Public Transport
Sector and their Dependency on IT (with S: Debois, L. Sandberg, L. Zwisler – Royal
Defence Agency)
• Computational Artifacts (with J. Bansler, K. B. Jensen, K. Schmidt, L. R. Christensen, E.
Havn – Velux foundation)
• Supervision of PhD students:
• Raghava Rao Mukkamala
• Karen M. Lyng (with Kensing)
• Lasse R. Nielsen (with Henglein)
• Tijs Slaats (with Marquard)
• Håkon Normann

Main Results: Formal tools for flexible adaptable processes
used in practice
• Dynamic Condition Response (DCR) Graphs: Declarative Process notation
for adaptable process descriptions implemented in industrial process
design tool (DCRGraphs.net) by Exformatics/DCR Solutions and adopted
by KMD in their WorkZone workflow system
• Foundational formal models for concurrent and mobile processes: True
Concurrency semantics for pi calculus
• Patent submitted (with Basin & Debois) on method for effective
management of consent declarations for the General Data Protection
Regulation (GDPR)

Taking a step back from the flow graphs:
Scenario-driven declarative digitalisation
Ny medarbejder
Virksomhed
FM
FM
Find plads ved
skrivebord
Skrivebords-
nummer
Placer PC på
bord
Håndtering af PC
PC type
HR
HR
Ret til PC?
kontrakter
Behov for PC?
Modtag
underskrevet
kontrakt
Arkiver kontrakt
IT Leverandør
behovforPC
Nej
Ja
Identify roles, activities, data
Identify scenariosIdentify constraints
Interviews, post-its, role-play, simulations

DCRGraphs.com:
Identify roles, activities & data

DCRGraphs.com:
Scenario simulation & role-play

DCRGraphs.com:
Add constraints

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Selected Publications & Tools
• From Paper-based clinical practice guidelines to declarative workflow
management, with KM Lyng and R. R. Mukkamala, 2008
• Declarative event-based workflow as distributed dynamic condition
response graphs, with R. R. Mukkamala, ProHealth BPM workshop, 2011
• Exformatics Declarative Case Management Workflows with DCR Graphs,
with T. Slaats, RR Mukkamala, M. Marquard, BPM 2013
• In the nick of time: Proactive prevention of obligation violations, with D.
Basin & S. Debois, CSF 2016
• DCR.tools (With S. Debois), DCRGraphs.com (with T. Slaats, S. Debois,
Exformatics/DCR Solutions)

Dynamic Condition Response (DCR) Graphs
Declarative, Scenario-driven Process Modelling
Giving the case worker a Workflow GPS
Examples: EU General Data Protection Regulation:
“Purpose-specific consent must be given by the citizen before
personal data is collected”
“If consent is withdrawn, then personal data must be deleted”

Flexibility, End-user Adaptability, Security & Compliance
• In 2017-2021 my research & teaching will focus on techniques for the
design of flexible, end-user adaptable, secure & compliant processes
making use of big data analytics for decision support
• Research projects:
• EcoKnow: Effective Co-created & Compliant Adaptive Case Management for Knowledge
workers
• Supervision of PhD students & Post Docs:
• Annette C. Møller Petersen (with Lars R. Christensen), Hugo A. Lopez (with S. Debois),
Håkon Normann and industrial postdoc at KMD
• Head of new section for (Durable) Software, Data and Information Systems
Engineering at DIKU

EcoKnow: Effective, co-created & compliant adaptive case
management for knowledge workers (2017-2021)
• Computer Supported Cooperative Work:
Understanding case management
practices, discretion & automation
• AI&PPM: Application of historical data
for finding effective paths to the goal
• Adaptable digitalisation of the law
• Understandability and end-user
adaptability of proces descriptions
5514/03/2018Thomas Hildenbrandt, hilde@di.ku.dk
“I know your type, you just need a
course in TEAM MANAGEMENT
COACHING”

Example: Consolidation Act on Social Services (Serviceloven)
1. Parents discover child has a permanent disabilities that
causes extra expenses (e.g. special equipment in house)
2. Parents apply for economic support (§ 41)
3. Parents need to reduce working time and receive
compensation for loss of earnings (§ 42)
4. Parents get extra help some days a month (§ 84)
5. Child turns 18 and case changes to adult regulations
Loss of earnings
the child.
contributions in respect of the compensation for loss of earnings. The recipient shall pay one third of the ATP
contributions, and the municipal council shall pay two thirds.
(4) The Minister for Social Affairs and the Interior shall lay down rules governing the calculation and adjustment of
loss of earnings under subsection (3) hereof, including the calculation and payment of pension contributions and, on
the recommendation of the Labour Market Supplementary Pension Fund, rules governing payment of ATP
contributions.
43.–(1) In the event of unemployment, the municipal council shall pay a special supplement to persons receiving
compensation under section 42 above for up to three (3) months after the end of the month in which the person

Research in computer supported cooperative work
• It-support only for some activities (e.g. payments) law
embedded in forms, spreadsheets and code
• No standard way of recording the case history
• Limited support for navigating the law
• Limited systematic sharing and use of knowledge
• The law, case worker & needs of citizens changes
• How can citizen and case-worker co-create the case?
• Discretion vs Automation?

Predictive Process Monitoring and Process Mining
• How to turn unstructured data into
structured data?
• How to use data ethically correct?
• How to make Prediction
algorithms explainable?
• How to embed prediction in
practice ?

Adaptable digitalisation of Law
• Ensure compliance of case work
• Do not restrict end-users to fixed
routes
• Locally adaptable when the law
changes
Loss of earnings
the child.
contributions in respect of the compensation for loss of earnings. The recipient shall pay one third of the ATP
contributions, and the municipal council shall pay two thirds.
(4) The Minister for Social Affairs and the Interior shall lay down rules governing the calculation and adjustment of
loss of earnings under subsection (3) hereof, including the calculation and payment of pension contributions and, on
the recommendation of the Labour Market Supplementary Pension Fund, rules governing payment of ATP
contributions.
43.–(1) In the event of unemployment, the municipal council shall pay a special supplement to persons receiving
compensation under section 42 above for up to three (3) months after the end of the month in which the person
becomes unemployed. Payment of the special supplement shall be conditional upon the person (i) having taken out
unemployment insurance, (ii) not being eligible for unemployment benefit under the Act on Unemployment Insurance
etc., (iii) not being subject to self-induced unemployment, (iv) not having a reasonable offer of part-time employment
and (v) not receiving other financial support under any other legislation.
(2) The municipal council shall pay the special supplement regardless of the income and property situation of the
recipient and his/her spouse.
(3) The amount of the special supplement shall be equivalent to the maximum amount of sickness benefits, cf.
section 50(1) of the Act on Sickness Benefits. Notwithstanding the aforesaid, the special supplement shall not exceed
an amount corresponding to 90 per cent of the recipient’s pay in his/her previous job.
(4) The special supplement shall be reduced by any amount received by the employee from his/her employer or from
the Employees’ Guarantee Fund in connection with termination of the employment.
(5) Pursuant to the Act on the Labour Market Supplementary Pension Scheme, the municipal council shall pay ATP
contributions in respect of the special supplement. The recipient shall pay one third of the ATP contributions, and the
municipal council shall pay two thirds. The Minister for Social Affairs and the Interior may lay down rules on payment
of contributions on the recommendation of the Labour Market Supplementary Pension Fund.
(6) Pursuant to section 17f(3) of the Act on the Labour Market Supplementary Pension Scheme, the municipal
council shall pay contributions to the Special Pension Savings Scheme in respect of the special supplement. The
Minister for Social Affairs and the Interior shall by order lay down more specific rules on payment of contributions and
reporting, on the recommendation of the Labour Market Supplementary Pension Fund. If the special savings amount is
not paid in due time, the provisions of section 17(2)-(4) and (6) of the Act on the Labour Market Supplementary
Pension Scheme shall apply correspondingly.

Understandability of digitalisation of processes and rules
Investigating the Process of Process Modeling
with Eye Movement Analysis?
Full Paper
Jakob Pinggera1
, Marco Furtner2
, Markus Martini2
, Pierre Sachse2
, Katharina
Reiter2
, Stefan Zugal1
, and Barbara Weber1
1
Department of Computer Science, University of Innsbruck, Austria
jakob.pinggera|stefan.zugal|barbara.weber@uibk.ac.at
2
Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Austria
marco.furtner|markus.martini|pierre.sachse@uibk.ac.at,
katharina.reiter@student.uibk.ac.at
Jakob Pinggera et al.
Fig. 2. The BPMN Modeling Editor
ocular cameras positioned beneath a 17” computer display with a frequency
0 Hz each. Data recording is carried out with the pupil center corneal reﬂec-
method [20]. Data collection and analysis is performed using NYAN 2.06
.
eye tracker is calibrated for each participant individually; calibrations are
pted if the ﬁxation accuracy shows an average drifting error of at most 0.25
es. Two observation monitors allow watching both eyes separately while in
process of eye-tracking to correct the sitting posture of participants to re-
brate during recording if necessary.
Performing the Modeling Session
s section describes the modeling sessions’ execution.
perimental Execution. Since we have only access to a single eye tracker,
h modeler has to be recorded individually. 25 students of computer science
nformation systems participated in the study. Each participant has taken

EcoKnow Partners
6114/03/2018Thomas Hildenbrandt, hilde@di.ku.dk
Advisory Board
EcoKnow.org

Digitalisation prepared for humans ?
Instead of trying to adapt humans to fit the
technology..
let us develop trustworthy technology that
can be adapted by the end-users to fit humans
Requires inter-disciplinary research, develop-
ment of new technologies jointly with industry
and studies of technology in practice.
The goal of the new section for
Software, Data, People & Society at
Computer Science Department,
Copenhagen University, Denmark

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