1. PROVIDING SAFE DRINKING WATER AND PROPER SANITATION FACILITIES TO ALL
TEAM DETAILS:
RAMALINGA KARTEEK PONNURU
SAI KUMAR REDDY BUSIREDDY
VENKAT BHARAT VOLIPALLI
HAHMED RABIK
BHANU SHANKAR G
GAYATRI VIDYA PARISHAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
VISAKHAPATNAM

2. Anyone who solves the problem of water is worthy of two noble prizes- one
for Peace and the other for Science – John F. Kennedy
QUICK FACTS
A staggering half of India’s 1.1 billion population lives without toilets
Over 75 million people in rural India do not have access to proper
sanitation
Of the 1.1 million people in the world who defecate outdoors, more
than half are in India
Each year, India logs the highest number of diarrhoea-related deaths
worldwide; more than 30 percent of all deaths among Indian children
under the age of five are diarrhoea-related
Currently 30% of the rural population lack access to drinking water,
and of the 35 states in India, only 7 have full availability of drinking water
for rural inhabitants
Water quality problems include Fluoride (66 million people across 17
states are estimated to be at risk), excess Arsenic in ground water (nearly
13.8 million people in 75 blocks are reported at risk), varying iron levels,
presence of nitrates and heavy metals, bacteriological contamination and
salinity.
Of the total wastewater generated in the metropolitan cities, barely 30
per cent is treated before disposal. Water supply is not continuous in any
of India’s metros

3. PROPOSED SOLUTIONS
Scarcity of water is compounded by its unequal, irrational, and unjust
distribution in both rural and urban communities
Quantity Of Water
Quality Of Water
Access
Management
Water distribution system in India is a decentralized process where the local
governments look after the distribution of water. A systematic water availability plan
should be based upon the following key factors
At least 30 litters per capita per day
Should be treated before using
Should be available to everyone without
discrimination
Should be efficient and atleast the break
even point should be achieved in a short
duration

4. Minimum Quantity Of Water
Currently, an average resident gets
30 liters per capita per day. The
World Health Organization
(WHO) has set 50 liters as the
guideline for human water needs,
including 20 liters for drinking and
cooking, and 30 liters for bathing,
laundry, and household cleaning.
The water supply of an average
resident of India falls well below
the standard of 50 liters per capita
per day.
Quality Of Water
The second major issue with water
supply is quality. At an average
estimation 13 percent of municipal
taps are contaminated with disease
vectors like viruses and bacteria.
Every year, water borne disease
causes 6,300,000 cases of illness
which leads to 5,600 deaths. Put in
economic terms, for example
Mumbai loses
220 million dollars every year
through lost economic productivity
due to water related illness and
death.
Access
In most of the cases women and children
are the traditional water fetchers for the
house hold. They are required to walk miles
to fetch water. This results in loss of work
time and education for many
Management
Cost of supplying water should be
recovered at least the break even point
should be achieved. This, can be done
using proper management of water
distribution eliminating the middle men.

5. Nutshell Of Solutions Proposed
Collection
Of Water
The traditional methods of water collection from wells and bores have
are exhausting in nature as they require huge amount of manual work
and electricity. A suitable method depending upon the region can be
adapted to collect water like community rain water harvesting or roof
top rain water harvesting etc.
Purification
Of Water
The quality of water is the most deterministic factor to decide its
usage. Water having a pH factor of 7.0 can be considered pure. To
make the collected water suitable for drinking, water purification
devices should be installed.
Access
Easy access to drinking water should be ensured so that water is
available to every one without being discriminated. Door to door
supply of water in sealed bottles is one of the methods.
Management Water distribution system can be managed effectively if there is a
complete decentralization of the distribution system. 40-60 profit
sharing between the local body and private firms will serve good
profits in the long term.

6. Collection Of Water
• Keeping in view the areas
where rain water is scanty let us
analyse the situation there and
the rain water collection
techniques which can be used.
• Collection of water especially
the rain water can start at
home.
• People must be educated on
how they can save each and
every drop of rain water.
• This can become an area of
business where entrepreneurs
can come into the picture and
install water harvesting systems
at a low price.
What are the different methods to
collect rainwater?
Rain water can be harvested with
the following methods shown below
Rain Barrels
"Dry" System
"Wet" System

7. Our own houses can be used to collect rain water. A
diagram is given below to illustrate the process
1
Collection
Surface
7
Collection
Cistern
2
Collection
Gutters
8
Overflow
Port
3
Gutter
Protection
9
Auto-fill /
Automatic
Top-up
Mechanism
4
Rain Head
Inlet Filter
10 Pump
5
First-flush
Diverter
11 Water Filter
6 Inlet Screen 12
Water Level
Indicator

8. Purification of the collected rain water
Rain water can be purified to be used
for drinking purpose. A cheap and
effective method can be used instead
of water filters.
Sand bed filter is the traditional
method where coarse riverbed sand,
pebbles and aggregates are filled as
layers one above the other in a
confined masonry structure.
Rainwater is allowed at the top from
one end and filtered water is drawn
from the other side.

9. Access to drinking water
Treatment
plant
A treatment plant is
where the collected
water can be sent and
more effective
treatment of water can
take place with use of
filters
An illustrated method is shown for
further understanding.
Source: Roof tip rain water harvesting from homes
Collection of the rain water: A group can be maintained by the local representatives so that the water
collected can be purified with advanced technologies and then can be stored in a storage tank.
Supply: Supply to house holds can be done in 2 different ways i.e., direct transportation of drinking water or
auto’s & other transport mechanisms can be used to supply packed water the house holds.
Packing can take place at the storage tanks by women self help groups which will allow them to earn a living.

10. Management of supply of drinking water supplies
Water distribution system can be managed effectively if there is a complete decentralization of the distribution system. 40-60 profit
sharing between the local body and private firms will serve good profits in the long term.
A chain can be used to describe the management of
the firm to achieve the desired goals
Source Water Collection areas
(water collection
groups)
Transportation centre
Piped
water to
houses
Packed water
transported by
autos & etc.
* Water collected can be bought by the municipal authorities at a fixed price per litter so that
the cost of setting up the rainwater harvesting plant can be compensated by the owner

11. References
• http://www.watercache.com/education/rainwater-
how/
• http://www.euwfd.com/html/water_treatment_an
d_supply.html
• http://kscst.org.in/rwh_files/rwh_rooftop.html
• http://civilsolution.wordpress.com/tag/rainwater/