concept of stress and how to overcome on stress which affect our crops upto great extend

1. Submitted to Prof.Dr Amanullah Sir
Submitted by ikramullah
Class nob. 115
Course: crops management under stress
Presentation topic: concept of stress
Bs(Agron) 7th semester department of Agronomy ,
Agriculture university Peshawar

2. STRESS
 A stress in crop production is considered as something that decrease
yield.
 Stress is an external factor that decreases crop yields
from yield maximum to a lower level. Eg disease, insect, salinity etc.
 It inhibits normal functioning in plants.
 About 50% yield losses in agricultural crops are caused by abiotic
factors.

3. Types of stress
1. Biotic stress (living)
Is caused by living organisms eg bacteria, viruses, nematodes,disease,birds,animals etc
2. Abiotic stress (non living)
Imposed on plants by environment eg temperature, rainfall, etc

5. Stress factor
1. Climatic factor
Include Environmental factor eg water, temperature, humidity etc
2. Soil factor
Include soil factor eg organic matter, ph, texture etc
3. Crop factor
Species, varities,planting dates, seed rate etc

6. EFFECTs of stress
 Seedling establishment is hampered
 Drying of leaf margins.
 Reduction in plant growth
 Pollen development is affected
 Alteration in PS
 Total biomass is reduced
 Spikelet sterility
 Grain and fruit development and quality is affected
 Wilting of the leaf
 Abscission of the leaf
 Decrease leaf region and decrease water loss through transpiration

9. How to control stress
The following strategies can be apply to reduce stress
• Seed priming
• Clumping
• Change sowing time and pattern
• Application of foliar spray
• Deep tillage to conserve moisture
• application of symbiotic bacteria
• Mulching
• Application of Chemical which remain the stomata close
• Agroforestry application
• Application of organic matter
• Morphological change undergo by plant