influence of climate on fruit crops

1. Assignment
on
“Influence of climate on fruit crops”
Submitted to:
Dr. K. Ajith kumar
Professor
Dept. of Pomology & Floriculture
Kerala Agricultural University
Submitted by:
Manohar Lal Meghwal
Ph.D I year
Dept. of Pomology & Floriculture

2. Climate
factors
Air
Temperature
Air
Humidity
PrecipitationWind
Solar
radiation

3. 1. Solar Radiation
Permeability of protoplasm
Intake and loss of water
Enzymatic activity
Respiration
Photosynthesis
Flower initiation
Ripening of fruits

4. Process Effect of light
Germination Effect of dark and light requiring seeds
Stem extension Etiological effects
Leaf expansion
Prolonged illumination is required for full
expansion
Chlorophyll synthesis
Illumination required for development of
green pigment
Flower production Photoperiodism and control of flowering
Bud dormancy
Photoperiodic response induced in short
days
Major Light controlled process in plants

5. Solar
radiation
Duration
(SDP, LDP, DNP)
Quality
(wavelength)
(UVR,PAR,
NIR.LVR)
Intensity (amt. of
energy
transmitted)
(compensation &
light saturation
point)

6. Effect of solar radiation on fruit crop
 Light intensity influence the crop growth through
photosynthesis. Production rate of photosynthates depends on
compensation point and saturation point.
 Light intensity a minimum of 500-1000 ft candles is
required for effective rate of photosynthesis.
. Duration of light period influence time of flowering of
many fruit crops.
 Quality of light affects the process of photosynthesis,
assimilation of nutrients and dry matter distribution in fruit
crop plants.(PAR- 0.40-0.70 micron)

7. Temperature
Tropical
fruit crops
Subtropical
fruit crops
Temperate
fruit crops
2.TEMPERATURE

8. Effect of temperature on fruit crop
 Chlorophyll synthesis and leaf area development.
 Activity of PGRs are high.
Temperature greater influence germination, leaf initiation
and flowering of all fruit crops.
 Seedling development is more rapid as temperature
increases.

9. Sunburn and sunscald
Burning of leaves and fruits, bark of
trunk may splits in extreme case.
Metabolic disturbance
(Higher rate of respiration results in
stunted growth )
Heat and thermal injury
(Bleaching of chlorophyll,
necrosis of fruit tissue)
Dessication
(wilting of leaves and new
seedlings in tropics)
HIGH
TEMPERATURE
STRESS

10. Effects of
high
temperature
on
Subtropical
fruits

11. FRUIT LEAF
Impact of High temperature on mandarin
SunburninCitrus

12. Mango
Psuedo-fruit setting in mango.Frost affected mango plant

13. Grapes Frost and Drought
stress

14. 3. Humidity
• It directly influences water relations of fruit crops and
indirectly influence leaf growth, photosynthesis,
occurrence of disease and finally economic yield .
• It effects rate of evapotranspiration and water
requirement of the fruit crops.
• High humidity favours leaf enlargement due to high
turgor pressure.
•High humidity favours easy germination of fungal
spores on plant leaves.

15. 4. Precipitation
• It is the major source of soil moisture for crop growth
in irrigated and dryland horticulture.
• Cell growth, cell wall and photosynthesis are
adversely affected by the water stress.
• Stomatal closure due to water stress restricts CO2.
•Respiration increases and sugar accumulates under
moisture stress results in reduced crop yield.

17. Black injury of Pineapple
Chilling
injury in
Apple

18. 5. Wind
•Direction and velocity have significant influence on fruit
growth.
• Increases transpiration and photosynthesis.
•Hot wind accelerates the desiccation of crop.
•Alters the balance of hormones.
•Increases ethylene production and decreases GA3 of roots and
shoots.
•Hot dry winds causes reduction in plant height – due to cell
cant attain full turgidity.
•Crop lodging, shedding of flower and fruit drop – major injury.

19. Fig: Crop lodging in fruit crops
Banana Papaya