This document proposes a forecasting model for banana wilt caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. The model takes into account several factors that influence disease development, including host variety, amount of primary inoculum, environmental conditions like temperature and humidity, and growth stage of the banana plant. Critical conditions for disease are temperatures between 24-32°C, relative humidity above 95%, and moist soil conditions during root emergence of the banana plant. The forecasting model aims to predict disease outbreaks to help inform management practices that can restrict the spread of the pathogenic fungus.
This slide is prepared from the many sources like pathology book, internet and journals. It is only for education purpose. If you'll become benefited then comment and like here. It would be inspiration for me.
This slide is prepared from the many sources like pathology book, internet and journals. It is only for education purpose. If you'll become benefited then comment and like here. It would be inspiration for me.
Principles of integrated plant disease management (1+1)subhashB10
This is small topic named:MODE OF ENTRY AND ESTABLISHMENT OF FUNGUS INTO SEEDS. which is taken from the course PRINCIPLES OF INTEGRATED PLANT DISEASE MANAGEMENT.
A detailed project on plant diseases,causes, symptoms and control measures with illustrations. The project explains in brief fungal and bacterial and and their control measures.Blast disease, citrus canker and leaf mosaic disease of tapioca are explained in detail. Non - infectious diseases are also mentioned.
MANAGEMENT OF SOIL BORNE PATHOGENS OF VEGETABLE CROPS UNDER PROTECTED CULTIVA...Mayur Thesiya
MANAGEMENT OF SOIL BORNE PATHOGENS OF VEGETABLE CROPS UNDER PROTECTED CULTIVATION
Soilborne pathogens and nematodes are very destructive in vegetables crops and one of the most limiting factors to farmers income. Soil fumigation has been an essential component of greenhouses crops since the 1960s. Growing vegetables without soil fumigants has remained a challenge, in part because commercially acceptable eggplant cultivars produced through conventional breeding lack resistance to many soil borne plant pathogens. Grafting cultivars with high quality and productivity on rootstocks that are resistant to soil pests and diseases is a method known for years ago, but which was improved and quickly spread in the last years. The objective of the researches was to evaluate the performance of the eggplant grafting on the some rootstocks in greenhouse conditions, alone and in combination with soil fumigation using metham sodium. Data obtained in the combinations scion/rootstock and not grafted eggplants were compared with data recorded where the metham sodium fumigant was used and as well as with the combinations grafted eggplants planted in soil disinfested with metham sodium. The marketable yield, fruits quality, frequency and root galling index of soilborne disease and nematodes, in the experimental variants were determined and calculated. Grafting process combined with the metham sodium soil disinfestation led to significant reduction in the incidence of attack produced by soilborne disease (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae, Verticillium dahlia) and nematodes (Meloidogine incognita).
Principles of integrated plant disease management (1+1)subhashB10
This is small topic named:MODE OF ENTRY AND ESTABLISHMENT OF FUNGUS INTO SEEDS. which is taken from the course PRINCIPLES OF INTEGRATED PLANT DISEASE MANAGEMENT.
A detailed project on plant diseases,causes, symptoms and control measures with illustrations. The project explains in brief fungal and bacterial and and their control measures.Blast disease, citrus canker and leaf mosaic disease of tapioca are explained in detail. Non - infectious diseases are also mentioned.
MANAGEMENT OF SOIL BORNE PATHOGENS OF VEGETABLE CROPS UNDER PROTECTED CULTIVA...Mayur Thesiya
MANAGEMENT OF SOIL BORNE PATHOGENS OF VEGETABLE CROPS UNDER PROTECTED CULTIVATION
Soilborne pathogens and nematodes are very destructive in vegetables crops and one of the most limiting factors to farmers income. Soil fumigation has been an essential component of greenhouses crops since the 1960s. Growing vegetables without soil fumigants has remained a challenge, in part because commercially acceptable eggplant cultivars produced through conventional breeding lack resistance to many soil borne plant pathogens. Grafting cultivars with high quality and productivity on rootstocks that are resistant to soil pests and diseases is a method known for years ago, but which was improved and quickly spread in the last years. The objective of the researches was to evaluate the performance of the eggplant grafting on the some rootstocks in greenhouse conditions, alone and in combination with soil fumigation using metham sodium. Data obtained in the combinations scion/rootstock and not grafted eggplants were compared with data recorded where the metham sodium fumigant was used and as well as with the combinations grafted eggplants planted in soil disinfested with metham sodium. The marketable yield, fruits quality, frequency and root galling index of soilborne disease and nematodes, in the experimental variants were determined and calculated. Grafting process combined with the metham sodium soil disinfestation led to significant reduction in the incidence of attack produced by soilborne disease (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae, Verticillium dahlia) and nematodes (Meloidogine incognita).
Effectiveness of practiced management options to control sheath blight diseas...Open Access Research Paper
Severity of the infection of sheath blight disease can be very devastating problem to the farmer for rice cultivation. Some of these consequences are major yield losses. The objective to identify sustainable management options for sheath blight disease. Field experiments were conducted with cultivated variety Swarna during three consecutive kharif seasons belong to the area of Rajshahi zone at three locations (Paba, Baraigram, Patnitala). Two management systems viz. Floating debris with Folicur and Folicur with ½ MOP were used in three locations to compare their effectiveness against rice sheath blight disease. The highest fertile tiller hill-1 was recorded at Paba location using Floating debris with Folicur. Maximum disease incidence was recorded at Patnitala location and minimum disease incidence was found at Baraigram. Between two management Floating debris with Folicur was better than Folicur with ½ MOP to reduces the disease incidence at all locations. The highest yield was found at Paba location using Floating debris with Folicur. Between two management systems, Floating debris with Folicur was better than Folicur with ½ MOP (Muriate of potash) to increase yield. Considering the efficiency and eco-friendly it would be considered that Floating debris with Folicur was effective management for sheath blight disease of rice.
Wilt is a pernicious disease of guava in India.
In India the disease was first recorded near Allahabad in 1935 . The infection was reported 15 -30 %.
The disease is a serious threat to guava cultivation in U.P. In West Bengal it reduces the yield in affected orchard by 80% .
The disease is also prevalent in Haryana Rajasthan , A.P ,
Punjab and M.P.The exact cause of the disease is still not fully understood but the pathogens viz. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. psidii (Prasad, Mehta & Lal), Rhizoctonia spp. (Taub.) and various pathogens are reported by different workers may be the incitant of the disease.
Survival and spread:
Through movement of plants containing sick soil in virgin areas.
Short distance spread is by water.
Root injury predisposes wilt disease.
It has forced uprooting of about 150 acre of guava orchard in Panjab and 300 acres in Haryana during 1971-81.
Eco friendly management of fungal seed borne pathogens through bio-agentsAnkit Chaudhari
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TOTAL POLYPHENOLS AND DPPH FREE RADICALS SCAVENGING ACTIVITY IN SIX LEAFY VEG...Md. Kamaruzzaman
TOTAL POLYPHENOLS AND DPPH FREE RADICALS SCAVENGING ACTIVITY IN SIX LEAFY VEGETABLES OF BANGLADESH
Harun-Ar-Rashid, Sheikh Julfikar Hossain, Sk. Amir Hossain, Md Mahfuzur Rahman, Md. Kamaruzzaman
Forecasting Model for leaf Spot of Banana by Md. Kamaruzzaman Md. Kamaruzzaman
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A brief Study on Quality Control Attributes of Agricultural Inputs (seeds and...Md. Kamaruzzaman
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Red rot of sugarcane is one of the severe problem for fruitful profitable production of sugarcane. In this why IDM technology are very much helpful to control diseases, pest etc.
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This is a analysis of some collected information of the subject of my M.S. theory semester. Course title was Plant Pathogenesis and Genetics of Plant Pathogens
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Forecasting Model for Wilt of Banana By Md. Kamaruzzaman Shakil
1. FORECASTING MODEL FOR BANANA WILT
SUBMITED TO SUBMITED BY
Md. Kamaruzzaman
ID No. 11 Ag.P.Path. JJ 07 M
Department of Plant Pathology Reg. No. 33141
Bangladesh Agricultural University Department of Plant Pathology
Mymensingh Bangladesh Agricultural University
Mymensingh
Ph.- +8801722449614
DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
BANGLADESH AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
MYMENSINGH
2. Introduction
Banana is one of the most important food and cash crop in Bangladesh and
grown around the year in the country as a commercial purpose and
homestead area for local consumption. In addition, banana stood first
position among the fruits producing in the country and supplies 42% of the
total fruit requirements in the country and also its financial return as a crop
is higher compared to other fruits and field crops (Haque, 1988). Banana is a
very versatile crop. The whole plant or fruit, leaves, stem and other plant
parts play a major role in the daily activity or use by the local population
where they have multiple uses. While some of the uses form part of the daily
activity of the population such as food wrapper, whole plants at ceremonies,
landscaping, pharmaceuticals, rope, paper and viable commercial industry.
DISEASE: Wilt of Banana
CAUSAL ORGANISM: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc)
Fig. Fusarium Wilt of Banana
Symptoms:
1. Yellowing of oldest leaves (spreads from leaf margins) and then
the yellowing process progresses from the older to the younger leaves.
2. Oldest leaves then collapse at the petiole: it gives the
appearance of a skirt around the plant.
3. Break down of leaf near to the petiole and hanging die.
4. In young plants, dwarfing or stunting may occur.
3. IMPORTANT FACTORS FOR FORECASTING:
Fusarium wilt is a serious problem on many banana cultivars grown by
smallholders for local consumption. Factors affecting forecasting are as
follows-
Host
Pathogen
Weather
Time
HOST FACTORS
Different variety of banana plant shows different reaction with the pathogen
of wilt of banana. If there are resistance variety then less chance to epidemic
formation.as a result no need for forecasting. Resistance variety such Sagor,
Champa, Sobri, Kobri, Mehersagar, BARI Kola-1are less susceptible to wilt.
If the same variety of banana are planting in a locality, that time chance of
epidemic formation are very high rather than reverse situation. Host growth
stage play crucial role for diseases development.
PATHOGEN FACTORS
Amount of primary infection: Higher amount of primary infection
lead to the development of epidemic infection of a disease which
strongly correlated to secondary spread of the causal agent Fusarium
oxysporum f. sp. cubense under favorable conditions of host and
environment.
Primary inocula: Forecasting without analysis of appropriate
information on primary inoculum might not be successful.
Inoculum potential: Forecasting need critical information about the
inoculum potential which is the ability of inoculum to produce
successful infection.
Rate of germination of spore: F. oxysporum has no known sexual
stage, but produces three types of asexual spores: microconidia,
macroconidia, and chlamydospores. The micro conidia are the most
abundantly produced spores. Soil water content, from wilting point to
80% field capacity, had little effect on germination of chlamydospores
in either soil.
Mechanism of release of inocula: Easy and quick release of the
inocula influences the infection process for epidemic development of
Wilt of banana.
4. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
Environmental factors are the major consideration of different stages of
growth. This factor includes suitable temperature, high relative humidity,
rainfall, dew, light, wind, sunshine, evaporation, atmospheric pressure.
Epiphytotic develop when favorable combinations of these elements occur.
The data on climatic conditions are used for forecasting. Weather has direct
effect on the pathogen and has indirect effect by influencing life cycle of the
pathogen. On the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) prefer
development of the disease in high temperatures and warm moist soils.
Banana is mainly tropical crop and 27°C temperature is optimum for normal
growth and development. If temperature raised above 38°C the growth and
development stopped and if temperature fall down to below 10°C then crop
period extended and reduced the bunch weight (Haque, 2008). The optimum
temperature for growth in between 25-30°C, and the optimum soil
temperature for root infection is 30°C or above. Rain fall play crucial role
for disease development.
TIME FACTORS
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) infects banana plant during the
month of July-August. The duration of infection, incubation, sporulation,
dissemination and of the complete disease cycle, the timing of critical stages
and the length and sequences of significant periods in disease outbreak are
considered for forecasting.
CRITICAL WEATHE
Minimum temperature 24-32ºC
Relative humidity above 95%
Moist and damp weather
CRITICAL GROWTH:
Tertiary roots emergence stage.
5. CRITICAL WEATHER MODEL:
Fig. Forecasting model for Wilt of Banana
MANAGEMENT PRACTIC:
Chemical control, fumigation, crop rotation and the use of organic
amendments have not been effective in managing Fusarium wilt. Since no
resistant cultivars are available to replace Cavendish bananas in many parts
of the world, quarantine and exclusion procedures are the only effective
means to control the disease. This can be achieved by restricting the
movement of corms, suckers and soil that could be carrying Foc from
infested to clean areas. Planting material propagated in accredited tissue
culture laboratories should be free of the pathogen. Once Fusarium wilt has
been discovered in a field, infected and surrounding plants should be
isolated by fencing-off and killed by injecting it with a herbicide. The use of
Sporekill as a disinfectant is encouraged to sterilize farming equipment. All
new outbreaks should be reported immediately.
6. Literature Cited :
Alabouvette, C. and Couteaudier, Y. 1992. Biological control of
Fusarium wilts with nonpathogenic fusaria. p.415–426. In: E.C. Tjamos,
G.C.
Papavizas and R.J. Cook (eds), Biological Control of Plant Diseases:
Progress and Challenges for the Future. Plenum Press, New York.
Belanger, R.R., Bowen, P.A., Ehret, D.L. and Menzies, J.G. 1995.
Soluble silicon: its role in crop and disease management of greenhouse
crops. Plant Disease 79:329–335.
Ploetz, R.C. 2006. Fusarium-induced diseases of tropical, perennial
crops. Phytopathology 96:648–652.
Viljoen, A. 2002. The status of Fusarium wilt (Panama disease) of
banana in South Africa. South Afr. J. Sc. 98:341–344.
O'Donnell, K., Kistler, H.C., Cigelnik, E. and Ploetz, R.C. 1998.
Multiple evolutionary origins of the fungus causing Panama disease of
banana: Concordant evidence from nuclear and mitochondrial gene
genealogies. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95:2044–2049.
Pegg, K.G., Moore, N.Y. and Bentley, S. 1996. Fusarium wilt of banana
in Australia: a review. Austr. J. Agric. Res. 47:637–650.
Yoshida, S., Ohnishi, Y. and Kitagishi, K. 1962. Histochemistry of
silicon in rice plant: III. The presence of cuticle-silica double layer in the
epidermal tissue. Soil Sc. Plant Nutr. 8:1–5.