Dr. Meseret Teklemariam Zemedkun United Nations Enviroment Programme (UNEP) The UNEP Energy Programme and Activities promote the integration of environmental and social considerations in energy related decisions. Iceland Geothermal Conference 2013 March 5-8, 2013, Harpa, Reykjavík

1. 11
Strategies and Scenario for Geothermal
Resource Development and Utilization
in the East Africa Rift System
Iceland Geothermal Conference
5-8 March 2013
Reykjavik, Iceland

2. 22
WHAT UNEP DOES
The UNEP Energy Programme
and Activities promote the integration of
environmental and social considerations in
energy related decisions.

3. 33
UNEP Energy Branch Overview
• Objective: Help bring about a global shift to energy systems that are less
disruptive to the environment – including lower GHG emissions - through
accelerated deployment of renewable energy and energy efficient
technologies
• Approach emphasizes the links between technologies, policies, financing,
and planning
• Services to countries include technical assistance, capacity building,
networking, and knowledge provision
• Strong engagement with UN processes: UN Energy, SG’s Advisory Group
on Energy and Climate Change- SE4ALL
• 40+ distinct projects and programmes underway including ARGeo
• 50 staff in Paris, Nairobi, Bangkok, and Panama
• Two Collaborating Centres: (50 additional technical support staff)
– UNEP Risø Centre on Energy, Climate and Sustainable Development
– Frankfurt School Centre for Climate and Sustainable Energy Finance
• Robust analytical component in programme

4. 4
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
• The East African Rift System
• Why Geothermal in the EARS?
• Status and Strategy of GRED in EARS?
• Gaps/challenges to accelerate Devt. of GE resources?
• Strategy to fast track G. Development
• Regional Geothermal Support Programmes
• African Rift Geothermal development Facility (ARGeo)
• Scenario for Geothermal Development in EAR
• Conclusion

5. 5
Extends about 6500 Km from the Dead Sea
(North) to Mozambique (South)
THE EAST AFRICAN RIFT SYSTEM
Huge Geothermal Resource with
Estimated Potential of > 20,000 MWe

6. 6
Why Geothermal?
Indigenous and Renewable
High degree of availability (>98%, 7500
operating hrs/annum )
Base load power generation, Generation Mix
Reduced vulnerability to weather & climatic
variations
Provides clean and safe energy using little land
Proven technology
Flexible expansion to meet demand
Power generation and direct heat applications
Reduced GHG emissions

7. 7
15 % of W Population W.; < 3% Share of electricity; 25 % of AP has access to El.
Most of the EA countries are dependent on TBF= 70- 90%: Causes Deforestation
&Environmental degradation
WHERE ARE WE NOW?

8. 8
• Keen to investigate and further develop GE due to:
➢Strong growth in electricity demand &
urgent need to increase access to electricity
➢ Hydro proven unreliable as a base load
source due to climatic fluctuations
➢Volatile price of petroleum fuels
➢ Need to mitigate GHG emissions etc..
COUNTRIES -East African Rift System

9. 9
East African Countries Using Or Having
Carried Out Research On Geothermal
Resources Burundi
Comoros
DRC*
Djibouti
Eritrea
Ethiopia*
Kenya*
Malawi
Mozambique
Rwanda
Tanzania
Uganda
Zambia *
*Plant installed

10. 10
Djibouti and Eritrea have no other known indigenous energy
resources except potential for geothermal energy:
Rely 100% on petroleum fuels for commercial energy supply
Kenya is almost exhausting its hydro-potentials,
DRC, Zambia, Ethiopia, Uganda’s with relatively large hydro-
potential are subject to climatic fluctuations.
Hydropower supply needs to be stabilized by suitable
energy mix, using geothermal power generation.
THERE IS AN ABUNDANCE OF HIGH ENTHALPY GEOTHERMAL
RESOURCES IN THE REGION SUITED TO LOW COST AND
CLEAN ELECTRICITY GENERATION USING ESTABLISHED
TECHNOLOGY.
DISTRIBUTION OF INDIGENOUS RE SOURCES

11. 11
Countries Reconnaissance S. Detailed Detailed Drilling Feasibility Power
Development
Remark
Burundi X - - - - - -
Comoros X - - - - - -
DRC X* - - - - Not functional
Djibouti X X X X - - -
Eritrea X X X - - -
Ethiopia X X X X - X 7.2 MWe
Kenya X X X X - X 209 MWe
Rwanda X X X - - - -
Tanzania X X X - - - -
Uganda X X X - - -
Zambia X* - - - - - * Not F. plant
200KW
STATUS OF GEOTHERMAL E&D
= Reconnaissance
= Detaild= Semi-Detailed = Power generation

12. 12
• Suswa,
• Longonot,
• Olkaria,
• Eburru,
• Menengai,
• Arus-Bogoria,
• Lake Baringo,
• Korosi,
• Paka,
• Lake Magadi,
• Badlands,
• Silali,
• Emuruangogolak,
• Namarunu
• Barrier
• Mwananyamala
• Homa Hills
• Nyambene Ridges
• Chyulu Hills
GEOTHERMAL PROSPECTS IN KENYA

13. 13
STATUS OF GEOTHERMAL GENERATION
45MWe Olkaria I Power station
105 MWe Olkaria II Power station
PLANT
OLKARIA I (3 UNITS X 15 MW) 45 MW
OLKARIA II (3 UNITS X 35 MW) 105 MW
OLKARIA III 55 MW * (48 MW)
OSERIAN (TWO UNITS) 4 MW
EBURRU 2.5 MW
OLKARIA (WELLHEAD) 5 MW
55 MWe Olkaria III Power station
212.5
MW

14. 14
• Well discharged In
May, 2011
ESTIMATED OUTPUT – 10 MW
Caleb, 2011
MENENGAI GEOTHERMAL FIELD
In Kenya, Planned 5,000 MW of
geothermal generation by 2030

15. 15
•Exploration began in 1969
(UNDP & EG)
•About 18 Geothermal
Prospect areas were identified
in the whole ERV (covers 13%
of the country)
•Much larger are for direct
uses (agriculture, agro-
industry etc)
LARGEST GEOTHERMAL
RESOURCE IN AFRICA
ETHIOPIA

16. 16
Geothermal Pilot Power Plant ( Currently generating 4MWe)
Preparation for drilling is underway to expand to 75 MWe
ETHIOPIA: 7.2 MWe 1982-Present

17. 17
17
TENDAHO GEOTHERMAL FIELD
3 DEEP (2100 M) & 3 SHALLOW WELLS (500M)

18. 18
DETAILED
INVESTIGATION
Bouh, 2008
DJIBOUTI

19. 19
SEMI DETAILED
DETAILED
INVESTIGATION
Yohannes, E. 2008
ERITREA

20. 20
DETAILED
INVESTIGATION
KARISMBI (2012)
Preparation for
Driling
Uwera, R. 2010
RWANDA

21. 21
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Mbeya geothermal field
Lake Natron geothermal field
Rufiji geothermal field
Semi-Detailed
investigation
TANZANIA

22. 22
SEMI DETAILED
DETAILED
INVESTIGATION
Bahati, G. 2008
UGANDA

23. 23
RECONNAISSANCE
BURUNDI

24. 24
▪ Kiabukwa (Upemba rift)
▪ Shallow wells
▪ 91°C
▪ 40 l/s
▪ 1952: Binary pilot plant 0.2
MW; abandoned few years
after commissioning
DRC

25. 25
Goma
Lc
Ls
R
Nyiragongo
Nyamulagir
a
Mayi ya
MotoMakera
Buko
mo
Kabuno
Bay
Lake
Kivu
Kisuma
SpringKisum
a Kihira
Sake
Tingi
Mahyuza
Kankule I
& II
Rwin
di
Mpenge
Ruko
re
DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLIC OF
CONGO
RECONNAISSANCE

26. 26
THE COMOROS ISLANDS
Karthala volcano
KENGEN DID
INVESTIGATIONS

27. 27
MALAWI
• Reconnaissance stage
of Exploration
• Identified a number of
geothermal prospect
areas
• Main Challenges:
Inadequate skilled
manpower, etc..
Chisambi, 2011

28. 28
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Kafue National Park
Solwezi
Kitwe
Kapiri Mposhi
LusakaMongu
Liuwa Plains National Park
Sioma Ngwezi National Park
Livingstone
Victoria Falls
Lake Kariba
Chirundu
Lower Zambezi National Park
Mkushi
Ndola
Chipata
South Luangwa National park
Kasanka National Park
Luambe National Park
Lake Mweru
Lake Tanganyika
Mpulungu
Sumbu National Park
Kasama Isoka
Mansa
North Luangwa National Park
Mpika
Bangweulu Floodplains
D. R. CONGO
Siavonga
Kapisya Prospect
ANGOLA
NAMIBIA
ZIMBABWE
TANZANIA
MOZAMBIQUE
MALAWI
Z A M B I A
Lochinvar National Park
BOTSWANA
RECONNAISSANCE
ZAMBIA

29. 29
STRATEGY FOR EXPLORATION AND
DEVELOPMENT OF GR IN EARS

30. 30
Strategic plan of Exploration and Development (Five Years)
Countries Reconnaissance S.Detailed Detailed Drilling Feasibility Power
Development
Remark
Burundi X X X - - - -
Comoros X X X - - - 10-15 MW
DRC X X X - -
Djibouti X X X X X X 50 MW (Assal)
Eritrea X X X X X X ALID (PP)
Ethiopia X X X X X X 450 MWe
Kenya X X X X X X 880 MWe
Rwanda X X X X X X Pilot Plant +
300MW
Tanzania X X X - - - -
X X X X X x -pilot plant
Zambia X* X X - - - * Not F. plant
200KW
STRAEGY FOR EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT
IN EARS
= Detailed investigation = Power Generation
Uganda

31. 31
WHAT RESOURCES DO WE HAVE?

32. 32
No. Needs Expectations Desired Outcome Strategic Objective (5 years)
1. Training Quality training
will be given
through CB
assistance
Adequate skilled
manpower
A number of geoscientists,
Drillers, Engineers and
technicians need to be
trained
2. Equipment
supply
Adequate
equipment will be
supplied through
CB
Adequate
equipment for E,
D and U
X types and numbers of
equipment
3. Technical and
Financial
assistance
(Integrated
geoscientific
Investigations)
Adequate finance
and on the job
training will be
available for
selecting potential
geothermal sites
Existence of
identified
potential
geothermal sites
including target
sites for deep
drilling
About X geothermal sites for
further exploration drilling
PPP= Private Public Partnership
IPP= Independent Power Producer
NEEDS, EXPECTATION, DESIRED OUTCOME AND STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES

33. 33
No. Needs Expectations Desired
Outcome
Strategic Objective (5
years)
4. Technical and
Financial
assistance for
drilling and
Risk
Mitigation
fund
Adequate
finance
including RMF
will be
available to
enhance the
development of
the region
geothermal
resource
Existence of
confirmed
Geothermal
reservoir
x number of productive
wells for generation
5. Finance for
power
development,
Private
developers
(PPP, IPP)
Adequate
finance
participation of
private
geothermal
developers will
increase
Existence of
Geothermal
power plants
About 1000 MWe of
power from geothermal
energy in the EARS
PPP= Private Public Partnership
IPP= Independent Power Producer
NEEDS, EXPECTATION, DESIRED OUTCOME AND STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES

34. 34
MAIN CHALLENGES/BARRIERS:
• Large Upfront cost of geothermal exploration and
development
• Risks Associated with Resource Exploration and Power
development
• Inadequate skilled manpower and equipment for
geothermal Resource Exploration and development
• Limited national budgetary allocation and donor
funding
• Inadequate Private Sector Participation in the region
• Lack of Supportive government policy and regulatory
framework
• Long lead project development time

35. 35
CAUSES FOR LONG GESTATION PERIOD
FUNDING Traditional/rigid project funding mechanism tend to have
lengthy negotiations (increasing project time and costs)
Unwillingness to take alternative/novel funding options.
PROJECT
DESIGN
Development concepts deficient in innovation
and emphasizing mundane economies of scale.
POWER
PLANT
TECHNOLOGY
Reluctance to adopt new technologies and concepts.
E.g. Mixed technology (Back pressure, flashing, binary,
hybrid system

36. 36
STRATEGY TO
FAST TRACK GEOTHERMAL
DEVELOPMENT

37. 37
• Establishment of policy framework that attracts
private investment
• Government’s commitment to undertake the
exploration risk
• Setting up of favorable institutions to enhance
exploration and development of the geothermal
resource in the country (e.g. GDC in Kenya);
• Upscale national investment
• Recognition of geothermal energy as a viable
solution for electricity generation and energy mix
• Un-bundling the geothermal and electricity
generation sector to cater for steam development,
generation, transmission and distribution
1. GOVERNMENT COMMITMENT

38. 38
CLEAR AND COHERENT LEGISLATION AND
REGULATION
• Geothermal Act ( Except in Kenya )
• Specific geothermal concession agreement; In most cases,
geothermal is under mining law
•Appropriate institutional framework for exploring and
developing geothermal resource: Kenya
• Specific geothermal Feed in Tariff. Draft feed in tariff exists in
countries such as Ethiopia, Rwanda and Uganda
Successful development of geothermal resource, is governed
by laws and fulfilled by institutions

39. 39
2. Effective Planning
• National Level Planning
(NPDMP)
• Strategic Level Planning
(Single Govt.entity or
Concession in the form PPP/IPP)
• Tactical Level Planning
Prioritization/Ranking)

40. 40
ADOPTING AN INTEGRATED REGIONAL APPROACH
TOWARD GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT
TO WORK TOGETHER IN SUPPORT OF
THE REGIONAL AND EVENTUAL CONTINENTAL
OBJECTIVES
IS A VEHICLE….
3. REGIONAL STRATEGY

41. 41
• Establish mechanisms for regional
cooperation and decision making,
• Synergy and the existing common market in
the region through EAPP,
• Cross-learning/training opportunities,
• Economies of scale, and
• Peer support leading to more cost and time
effective implementation than would
otherwise have been possible only at national
level.
BENEFITS OF REGIONAL APPROACH

42. 4242
• UNEP- African Rift Geothermal Development Facility
Programme (ARGeo),
•AUC-German Development Bank (KfW)- GRMF
•Icelandic International Development Agency
(ICEIDA) linked with WB
• Federal German Institute of Geosciences and
Natural Resources (BGR)
• United Nations University- Geothermal Training
Programme (UNU-GTP)- Capacity Building
R. GEOTHERMAL SUPPORT PROGRAMMES
(Among others)

43. 4343
AT PRESENT: UNEP –ARGEO
PROJECT IS STEAMING AHEAD
Meseret Teklemariam, UNEP
•Regional Network : Managing a geothermal information
system, capacity building and awareness raising.
•Technical Assistance : (a) Surface investigations to
confirm the presence of utilizable geothermal resources.
(b) Sector policy advice and promotion of institutional
structures and legal and regulatory framework.

44. 44
ORGANIZATIONAL CHART OF ARGEO
UNEP/DTIE
Implementing Agent
Geothermal Technical Advisory Team
(GTAT)
Independent and neutral geothermal experts
UNEP/ROA
Project Management Unit
(PMU)
Executing agent for Regional Networking
&TA
ARGeo Steering Committee
Members (SC)
ARGeo Countries (NPD), UNEP, AUC-
ICEIDA, BGR and donors
-KfW, ,
➢ Overall guidance to partner institutions
and monitoring of progress and
performance
➢ Consider applications for new member
countries of ARGeo
➢ Administrative work
➢ Regional knowledge sharing
➢ Screens country specific and
regional TA proposals
➢ Management of ATAT
Advice
Advice
NPMU-
Rwanda
NPMU-
Eritrea
NPMU
Ethiopia
NPMU
Kenya
NPMU
Tanzania
NPMU
Uganda
GEF
Reporting

45. 45
RESOURCE
MOBILIZATION
CAPACITY
BUILDING
AWARENESS
CREATION
REGIONAL
NETWORKING
UNEP ARGEO PROGRAMME
TECHNICAL
ASSISTANCE (SES)
Meseret Teklemariam, UNEP
Policy Advice

46. 4646
At Present, GEF FUNDED ARGeo TARGET
COUNTRIES
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Kenya
Rwanda
Tanzania
Uganda

47. 47
Partners of ARGeo
• AUC - KfW
• ICEIDA
• BGR
• USAID
• UNU-GTP
• IAEA and
ARGeo Member Countries
Meseret Teklemariam, UNEP

48. PROGRESS ON UNEPARGEO PROJECT
Meseret Teklemariam, UNEP

49. • UNEP and AUC on Energy sector in Africa specifically
on Geothermal
• Created OL with AUC-KfW in implementation of the SE
• UNEP and ICEIDA on Harmonization and coordination
of the two programmes in 13 countries
• UNEP and AfDB on project development and related
activities on GDTANZANIA
Created Partnership and Synergy
Meseret Teklemariam, UNEP

50. Regional Networking, Information Systems,
AC and CAPCITY BUILDING

51. • Updated Country’s Status Report in the EAR
• Inventory of Human Resources, Equipment and
Institutional Set Up
• Developed East African Geothermal Database
through the F. assistance of ICEIDA and T. ISOR
• Facilitated and supported establishment of EAGA
Developing , Sharing and Making Accessible
Geothermal Related Information
Meseret Teklemariam, UNEP

52. HELD ARGeo Ministerial Meeting ( July & September
2011) .
Meseret Teklemariam, UNEP
Created awareness to DM of the ARGeo
member countries

53. 53
SHARING KENYA’S EXPERIENCE WITH DECISION MAKERS
i) Cut Roses Greenhouse
Heating and Injection of CO2
to aid in photosynthesis
ii) Soil fumigation and
sterilization of liquid recycled
plant fertilizers
Meseret Teklemariam, UNEP

54. 54
Spurred new geothermal interest through organization of
the ARGeo C4 in collaboration with the GOK
• About 600 Participants
• 125 Technical papers
• 25 Exhibitions were staged

55. 55
SC-1 Geoscience
exploration and drilling
Technology
Geothermal Experts for Execution of
projects
Strengthened Institutional and Infrastructural
Capacities

56. 56
Short course 2: Planning, managing and
Financing of Geothermal Projects
NATIONAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT
UNIT

57. 57
Short course 3: ARGeo East
Africa Geothermal Database
REGIONAL NETWORK HUBS

58. ARGeo SC Meeting
(September 2011; November 2012) .
Meseret Teklemariam, UNEP
Oversee implementation of the project
through SC

59. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
Surface Exploration studies
Meseret Teklemariam, UNEP

60. •Guidelines for Preparation of Request for
FTA:
• Selection criteria for evaluation of
proposals
• Provided full support in preparation Project
Proposal From Uganda, Kenya, Eritrea and
Ethiopia
Developed Guidelines and A. in Preparation PP
Meseret Teklemariam, UNEP

61. Tendaho Geothermal Prospect, Ethiopia
Meseret Teklemariam, UNEP

62. Alid Geothermal Prospect, Eritrea

63. Silali Geothermal Prospect, Kenya

64. Kibiro Geothermal Prospect, Uganda

65. • Geothermal Technical Advisory Body in place
• Setting up National Project Management Unit in
process
• Finalization of A. EA Geothermal Database
•Two prospect areas prioritized and selected (Silali,
Kenya; Tendaho, Ethiopia)
• Process for Procurement of good and services
started
DEVELOPED IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY

66. Country Geothermal
Prospect
Developer Status of prospects
Request for
Drilling Activity TAF (Market,
regulatory)-
Feasibility
Resourceproven-riskmitigated-privatesectorencouraged–PPAandfeedintariff(IPP+PPP)+investmentfor
powerdevelopmentshouldbeinplace
Potential
electricity
generation
(MWe)
SE Drilling
Ethiopia
(7.2 MWe)
Corbett Private (RG) SE completed - ✓
Subjected to
Drilling
Institutional
and Regulatory
Framework;
Draft Feed in
Tariff; PPA
450
Tendaho Public Limited SE required
(more geophysics)
✓
✓
Dofan-Fantale Private (UK, COSZUS) Detailed SE is
required
✓
✓
Abaya Private/public Detailed SE ✓
Kenya
(209 MWe)
Longonant Private (SKM) SE Completed ✓
Subjected to
Drilling
IF in place..
Feed in tariff
about 8US
cents/KWh
800
Silali-Bogoria Public
Limited SE
(Seismics)
✓
✓
Suswa Private Detailed SE ✓
✓
Rwanda
Karismbi
(Gisenyi)
Public Limited SE and
eligible for GRMF
✓
Subjected to
Drilling
IF & RF yet to
be revised.
Draft Feed in
tariff is in place.
100
Bugarama Public Detailed SE ✓
✓
Tanzania
Mbeya Private Limited SE ✓
Subjected to
Drilling
IF & RF not in
place. Task
force is set up
for IRF.
✓
Rufiji Private (Local P) Detailed SE ✓
✓
Uganda Kibiro Private SE required ✓
Subjected to
Drilling
100✓
Katwe Private (PERTAMINA) Limited SE ✓
✓
Eritrea Alid Public Limited SE ✓ Subjected to
Drilling- WBNabbro Dubbi Public Detailed SE ✓
ARGeo+ GRMF +ICEIDA+BGR USAID+BGR, EU
funded Proj.
WB,AfDB,EI
,KfW etc.Public developers are encouraged to
YEAR 1: 2013 Year 5: 2017
217 MWe Risk associated with EXPLoration is mitigated; PPP/IPP +500 MWe
+500MWe
Scenarios for Surface Exploration studies in the ARGeo member
countries & Next steps
Meseret Teklemariam, UNEP

67. CONCLUSION
• Overall strategy to accelerate geothermal
development in the countries of EARS is to adopt
a regional geothermal resource development
approach
• Knowledge and Finance are the main factors to
accelerate GED in the region
•Harmonization, coordination and synergy of
various geothermal programmes in the region will
significantly contribute to accelerate GERD by
reducing cost, increase efficiency and quality of
the work
• Holistic Utilization of Energy resource (both PG
and DU) can create wealth, tackle food insecurity
and boost socio economic development.

68. 68
THANK YOU
MESERET TEKLEMARIAM
UNEP/ROA
Email: Meseret.Zemedkun@unep.org
CONTACT