The power supply system is completely hooked into three major parts. First one is generation, second one is transmission and the last one is distribution of electricity supply at the range of 415V to 400V approx. But while the fault occurs it affects other lines additionally, and this causes difficulties for local people and additionally perturb the flow of current in different areas. This eccentric and perturbed supply of nuisance is very hazardous as it cannot be ceased when it comes to equal distribution of electricity. The area suffering from faults and the other both get affected. So to stop all these we have implemented this project of Coordination of over current relay utilising optimisation technique. We have utilised crow search algorithms with Kennedy as swarm perspicacity algorithms which are very auxiliary in storing excess electricity supply and can be used when needed. With the avail of this we can renovate the potency supply and this will conclusively implement our main objective of this project.

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International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
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[213]
COORDINATION OF OVER CURRENT RELAY USING
OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE
Sonia Kolhe*1, Prajakta Kasulkar*2
*1P.G. Student, Department of Electrical Engineering, Ballarpur Institute of Technology, India.
*2Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Ballarpur Institute of Technology, India.
ABSTRACT
The power supply system is completely hooked into three major parts. First one is generation, second one is
transmission and the last one is distribution of electricity supply at the range of 415V to 400V approx. But while
the fault occurs it affects other lines additionally, and this causes difficulties for local people and additionally
perturb the flow of current in different areas. This eccentric and perturbed supply of nuisance is very
hazardous as it cannot be ceased when it comes to equal distribution of electricity. The area suffering from
faults and the other both get affected. So to stop all these we have implemented this project of Coordination of
over current relay utilising optimisation technique. We have utilised crow search algorithms with Kennedy as
swarm perspicacity algorithms which are very auxiliary in storing excess electricity supply and can be used
when needed. With the avail of this we can renovate the potency supply and this will conclusively implement
our main objective of this project.
Keywords: Power Supply, optimization technique, transmission, CSA, crow search algorithm.
I. INTRODUCTION
In a power system, a contiguously coordinated bulwark scheme is designed to ascertain that only the faulty
part of the system will be isolated when aberrant operating condition of the system will reach. The involution
of the system as well as the incremented utilise demand and the deregulated environment enforce the utilities
to amend system reliability by utilising a contiguously coordinated auspice scheme. The supply lines, which
transmit electrical potency, are not insulated. These lines show irregularities more often than other
components of the nuisance system due to several issues, such as lightning, which lead to over currents. The
imbalance due to these irregularities interrupts the demeanour of potency and, moreover, leads to the
impairment of the other appendages linked to the potency system.
Over current relay(OCRs) are auxiliary and are utilized from very early years to minimise the peril factor and
for safety majors in the puissance system to eschew mal-operation in the potency supply.
In this project we are going to implement a system utilizing a crow search algorithm which will work on storing
the access electricity power supply and later we can utilize it when needed. This will abbreviate the peril of
major faults which transpire due to access to power supply. We probed for other algorithms too but we found
this one perfect as it is providing precise results in less time.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
[1] A review paper on Optimization Techniques in Overcurrent Relay Coordination has a main objective of
controlling the over flow of electricity supply while suffering from faults. In this paper many techniques are
being used such as deterministic Techniques, Hybrid optimization techniques, Meta Heuristic optimization, and
Trail/Error Optimization Techniques.
[2] In this paper coordination of directional overcurrent relays for distribution systems utilizing particle swarm
optimization the objective is to minimize the operating time of all primary DOCRs considering far-end and
near-end fault approach. The aim of this paper is to utilize swarm optimization (PSO) for standard test systems
of 3-bus, 4-bus and 6-bus.
[3] In the paper Overcurrent Relays coordination optimization methods in the distribution system they have
used, overcurrent relay coordination method is used for the method for the coordination of over current relays.
[4] An optimized protection coordination scheme using nature inspired Root Tree Algorithm (RTA), is
presented to minimize the total operating time of all the primary relays to avoid excessive interruptions.

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[214]
III. METHODOLOGY
Fig.-1: Two relay radial system
In this above figure a simple radial distribution system is shown, where we can visually perceive two buses are
mentioned bus A and Bus B, and it has relay R1 and R2 as a primary relay. Only one relay is utilized in this
project but as a backup we have utilized second relay so that if one relay fails to operate the second will work as
a backup after some time interval. The operating time of a backup relay depends on the primary relay and the
overshoot time. The delay taken by the backup relay is kennedy as coordination time interval (CTI) or grading
margin.
Fig.-2: Calculation of backup relay
The figure shown above is the calculation of backup relay and its operating time taken after the failure of
primary relay. The functioning time of the relay will be as follows: TR8 > TR6 > TR4 > TR2 where TR8, TR6,
TR4, and TR2 are the functioning time of relays 8, 6, 4 and 2 respectively. Similarly, for the second group, relay
operating time will be as follows:
TR1 > TR3 > TR5 > TR7 where TR1, TR3, TR5, and TR7 are the operating time of relays 1, 3, 5 and 7
respectively.
The 18 operating time of the preceding relay decides the operating time for each prospering relay. The CB
functioning time is associated with the preceding relay and the relay overshoot time as depicted in Figure 2. So,
as the size increases, intricacy will increment, and the relay coordination task becomes more arduous among all
relays.
For a relay designated to IEC 60255, a relay error index is quoted that determines the utmost timing error of
the relay. The timing error must be taken under consideration when determining the grading margin.
The following equation can determine the minimum grading time period.
where, rE = relay timing error (IEC60255-4)
CTE = allowance for CT ratio error (%)
t= nominal operating time of relay nearer to fault (sec)
CBt = CB interrupting time (sec)
0t = relay overshoot time (sec)
st = safety margin (sec)

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IV. RESULTS
This is primarily concerned with the implementations of the crow search algorithm that is proposed for optimal
relay coordination in distribution systems. The method was authenticated considering the optimization of the
Time Multiplier Setting (TMS) with the crow search algorithm in the specialized literature for the multi-parallel
distribution system and single end loop distribution networks and the findings of which were later compared
under the same constraints with kindred algorithms already published in the literature.
Simulations were performed on an Intel ®-predicated processor Core™i5-2430M, 8th Gen., 2.4 GHz with 8GB of
RAM DDR3, running the operating system of Windows 10, 64 Bit, in MATLAB 2018a environment. The objective
function substantiates the minimization of the total operating time of directional as well as non-directional over
current relays and with assessing how viable the solution is.
Fig.-3: A multi-parallel distribution system
Fig.-4: Impedance/Line data for case I
Fig.-5: CTR and PS for Case I

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( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
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[216]
Fig.-6: Primary/backup relay pair for case I
V. CONCLUSION
Here in this paper we have proposed a method for the over-current relay using optimization technique with
crow search algorithm. With the use of crow search we found the accurate result of the implementation. The
faulted lane or wire can be recovered using the backup relay and the oversupply can be stopped.
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