These slides help in displaying results in research in the form of table and figures.

2. INTRODUCTION
 Display:
 To show or make visible
 Result:
 Something that ensure from an action
 Displaying Results
 To show or make visible the outcomes that ensure from
an action.

3. ELECTRONIC WAYS
 Word processing programs
 Spread sheet programs
 Statistical packages
 Highly specialized software

4. MANUALWAYS
 Table:
 Tables usually show numerical values or textual
information arranged in an orderly display of columns
and rows.
 Figure:
 A figure may be a chart, a graph, a photo graph, a
drawing or any other illustration or nontextual depiction.

5. GENERAL GUIDANCE
 Purpose of data display
 Exploration
 Communication
 Calculation
 Storage
 Decoration

6. CONT….
 Design and preparation
 Items to be compared next to each other
 Clarity in labeling
 Enough large font size
 Include relevant information
 Free of extraneous material

7. CONT…..
 Graphical verses textual presentation
 Large number of tables and figures
 Large number of tables and figures verses small amount
of text
 Not always optimal for effective presentation

8. CONT….
 Formatting tables and figures
 Word processing program
 Cut and pasted from computer output
 PDF images

9. CONT….
 Table and figure numbers
 Use Arabic numerals
 Do not use Suffix letters (5a , 5b, 5c etc)
 Use same sequence
 Mention Appendix with capital letters and Arabic
numerals (Appendix A, Appendix B etc)

10. CONT…..
 Permission to reproduce data display
 If you used tables and figures of any other author then
must take permission from copyright holder.
 Mention original author’s name.

11. “TABLES”
 Conciseness in tables
 Limit the content to essential materials.
 Conciseness is necessary for both text tables and
supplement archives.
 Supplemental tables are in more detail than text tables.
 Tables should be concise but having enough detail which
can be easily understandable by the reader.

12. TABLES
 Tables Layout
 Should be logical and easily grasped.
 Should be in sequences.
 Different indices should be in different lines of tables.
 Values used in tables should be comparable.
 Tables should be specific in nature.

14. TABLES
 Standard forms
 Some data tables have standard forms.
 Reader can easily get information by standard forms.

15. STANDARD FORMS
younger older
Level of
difficulty
n M (SD) 95%Cl n M(SD) 95%Cl
Low 12 .05(.08) [.02,.11] 18 .14(.15) [.08,.22]
Mederate 15 .05(.07) [.02,.10] 12 .17(.15) [.08,.28]
high 16 .11(.10) [.07,.17] 14 .26(.21) [.15,.39]

16. TABLES
 Relation of tables and texts
 In this relationship, tables are discussed in textual form.
 Discuss only the highlights of tables.
 If online tables are used then mention its existence in
form of brief articles.

17. TABLES
 Relation between tables
 Use similar format, titles and headings and use same
terminology throughout.

20. TABLES
 Table titles
 Tables have clear and explanatory titles.
 Too general:
 Table 1
 Relation Between College Majors and Performance [It is
unclear what data are presented in the table.]

21.  Too detailed:
 Table 1
 Mean Performance Scores on Test A, Test B. and Test C
of Students With
 Psychology. Physics. English. and Engineering Majors
[This duplicates information in the headings of the
table.]
 Good title:
 Mean Performance Scores of Students With Different
College Majors

22. TABLES
 Table headings
 A table heading should be brief but not lengthy.
 Abbreviation and symbols can be used for non technical
terms. (M, SD etc)
 Abbreviation of technical terms, group names must be
explained in the table title or in a note to the tables.

23. POOR BETTER
Grade Level Grade
3 3
4 4
5 5

24. TABLES
 Table body
 Decimal Value (Express numerical values to the number
of decimal places that the precision of measurement
justifies.)
 Empty Cell (Point of intersection between row and
columns is called Cell.) We leave the cell blank if the
data in the point of intersection is not applicable.
 Conciseness (Be selective in your presentation)

25. TABLES
 Table Notes
 General Notes
 Specific Notes
 Probability Notes