The document discusses COVID-19, providing definitions, background information, and details about transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, clinical features, and precautions. COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and can cause respiratory illness. It originated in Wuhan, China and has since spread globally. The disease spreads mainly through respiratory droplets from infected individuals and can range from mild to severe illness. Current treatment focuses on managing symptoms as the virus runs its course.
2. Submitted To : Mam Ummara Batool
Submitted by: Humaira Tahir
Roll no:36
3. Definition
Background
Origin
Transmission
Risk Factors and Severity
What causes coronaviruses?
Symptoms of COVID-19
Diagnosis
What treatments are available?
Clinical Features
Precautions
References
Content
4.
COVID-19 is a disease that can
cause a respiratory tract
infection. It can affect our upper
respiratory tract “sinuses, nose,
and throat” or lower respiratory
tract “windpipe and lungs”
Definition
5.
SARS-CoV-2 is the name of the virus that causes
COVID-19
Coronaviruses cause mild respiratory illnesses, such as
the common cold
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
COVID-19 is a new coronavirus disease
Background
6.
Its origins have been traced to a food market in Wuhan,
China, in December 2019. From there, it’s reached
countries as distant as the United States and the
Philippines
The virus (officially named SARS-CoV-2) has been
responsible for millions of infections globally, causing
hundreds of thousands of deaths. The United States is the
country most affected
The disease caused by an infection with SARS-CoV-2 is
called COVID-19, which stands for coronavirus disease
2019
Origin
7.
It spread mainly through person-to-person contact.
Infections range from mild to serious
The transmission rate is relatively high. We can also get
the virus from touching a surface or object the virus is on,
then touching your mouth, nose, or possibly your eyes
Most viruses can live for several hours on a surface that
they land on
Transmission
8.
Most of the time, it spreads when a sick person coughs or
sneezes
They can spray droplets as far as 6 feet away. If you
breathe them in or swallow them, the virus can get into
your body
Some people who have the virus don't have symptoms, but
they can still spread the virus
Cont…
9.
People with COVID-19 can have no symptoms or develop
mild, severe, or fatal illness
Kids may have less severe disease (2% of confirmed cases
in China occurred among those < 20 years old)
Current case fatality rate ~2% among those with
laboratory-confirmed COVID-19
Risk factors for severe illness may include:
Older age
Underlying chronic medical conditions
Risk Factors and Severity
10.
Coronaviruses are zoonotic
This means they first develop in animals before being
transmitted to humans. For the virus to be transmitted
from animals to humans, a person has to come into close
contact with an animal that carries the infection
Once the virus develops in people, coronaviruses can be
transmitted from person to person through respiratory
droplets
What causes corona viruses?
11.
This is a technical name for the wet stuff that moves
through the air when you cough, sneeze, or talk
The viral material hangs out in these droplets and can be
breathed into the respiratory tract (your windpipe and
lungs), where the virus can then lead to an infection
Cont…
12.
The main symptoms include
Fever
Coughing
Shortness of breath
Fatigue
Chills, sometimes with shaking
Body aches
Headache
Sore throat
Symptoms of COVID-19
13.
Travel history to endemic countries like (China, Iran &
Italy)
CBC (leukopenia, seen in 30% to 45% of patients, and
lymphocytopenia,seen in 85% of the patients)
Chest X-Ray (cheaper & easier with 60% sensitivity)
PCR (30%-70% sensitivity)
Chest CT Scan (95% sensitivity, low specificity)
IgM/IgG combo test for COVID-19
Diagnosis
15.
There's currently no treatment specifically approved for
COVID-19, and no cure for an infection, although
treatments and vaccines are currently under study
Instead, treatment focuses on managing symptoms as the
virus runs its course
Seek medical help if you think you have COVID-19. Your
doctor will recommend treatment for any symptoms or
complications that develop and let you know if you need
to seek emergency treatment
What treatments are available?
16.
Other coronaviruses like SARS and MERS are also treated
by managing symptoms
In some cases, experimental treatments have been tested to
see how effective they are have been tested to see how
effective
Cont...
17.
They are examples of therapies used for these illnesses
include:
Antiviral or retroviral medications
Breathing support, such as mechanical ventilation
Steroids to reduce lung swelling
Blood plasma transfusions
Cont...
18.
Incubation period: 1-27 days
Recovery time: 3 weeks to 6 weeks
Frequently reported signs and symptoms of patients include:
fever (77-98%)
Cough (46%-82%)
myalgia or fatigue (11-52%)
shortness of breath (3-31%)
Less commonly reported respiratory symptoms include
sore throat, headache
Cough with sputum production and/or hemoptysis
Clinical Features
19.
Washing hands often
Keeping common surfaces clean
Limiting contact with other people
Wearing cloth face masks when we can’t stay 6 feet away
from others
Maintain distance from other
Precautions
