Recent updates on "Corona Virus (Covid-19):Outbreak Epidemiology & Its Prevention" References: 1. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200211-sitrep-22-ncov.pdf 2. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/summary.html 3. who.int/emergencies 4. who.int/health-topics 5. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/01/countries-confirmed-cases-coronavirus-200125070959786.html

1. Corona Virus (Covid-19):
Outbreak Epidemiology & Its Prevention
Presenter
Dr. Arun Singh
Professor and Head
Department of Community Medicine
Rohilkhand Medical College & Hospital,
Bareilly, UP, India
Bareilly International University
Bareilly, UP, India

2. Corona Virus: Outbreak
Epidemiology & Its Prevention
Novel Corona Virus 2019
2019 nCoV
Corona Virus Disease-2019 Covid-19

3. Objectives of the Session
1. To Sensitize the health care workers about
the Epidemiology of corona virus
2. To Educate the health care workers about the
Preventive measures of corona virus disease

4. Contents
1. Introduction
2. Global Scenario
3. Indian Scenario
4. Source
5. Incubation period
6. Severity
7. Case definitions
8. Contacts
9. Preventive measures
10.News Analysis

5. 1. Introduction:
Corona Viruses are a large family of Viruses
• Illness range common cold to severe diseases
1. SARS : Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (2002)
2. MERS-CoV : Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (2012)
3. Covid-19 : Corona Virus Disease-2019

6. 1. Introduction…..…
Previous and Current Outbreaks of Corona Viruses
Corona Virus SARS-CoV MERS-CoV Covid-19
(14-02-20)
Country of Origin China Saudi
Arabia
China
Year of Outbreak 2002 2012 2019
Countries affected 30 27 28
Cases 8,437 2,494 64,958
Death 813 858 1,384

7. 1. Introduction…..…
Corona Viruses are Zoonotic
• Transmitted between animals and people
SARS-CoV: Civet cats
MERS: Dromedary camels
Covid-19
(Huanan seafood and animal market)
Wuhan city, Hubei Province, China

8. 1. Introduction…..…
Covid-19 jumped from bats to snakes to people

9. 1. Introduction…..…
First Reported & Confirmed
• WHO China Country office on 31st Dec. & 7th
Jan. 2019
• Case Pneumonia of Unknown Aetiology from
Wuhan city of Hubei Province

10. 2. Global Scenario
• Global health emergency (30 January 2020)
• Public Health Emergency of International
Concern (PHEIC)
• 64,456 confirmed coronavirus cases
• 1,384 deaths linked to the virus
• 1,716 medical workers have COVID-19
• 28 countries have confirmed cases
• China has accounted for about 99% cases

11. 2. Global Scenario……
(654 cases in 28 countries)
• Thailand-33, South Korea-28, Hong Kong-51, Taiwan-
18, Vietnam-16, Malaysia-19, Singapore-58, Cambodia-
1, Nepal-1, Philippines-3, Sri Lanka-1, UAE-8, USA-15,
Germany-16, Britain-9, Italy-3, France-11, Sweden-1,
Belgium-1, Finland-1, Spain-2, Australia-15, Canada-7,
Russia-2, Macau-10, Others-70
• Japan 33 + 218 quarantined Diamond Princess cruise
ship docked at Yokohama
• India-3

12. 3. Indian Scenario
• India ranks 17th risk of importing
• National import risk is 0.2%
• New Delhi is most at risk
• India has reported 3 coronavirus positive
cases - all from Kerala

13. 4. Source
• The source and mode of transmission remain
unclear
• Possibilities:
1. Contact with animals (primary source)
2. Contaminated food
3. Person to person (Limited to close
contacts/HCWs)

14. 5. Incubation Period
• Insufficient data on IP
• Mean IP:- 2-7 Days
• Maximum IP:- 14 days

15. 6. Severity
• The Case fatality rate (CFR) for Hubei province of China
is 4.3%
• Other regions of China and other countries = 0.18%.
• Secondary attack rate (SAR)=1.3%
• Intensive care needed for 26%
• lungs, heart, liver, kidneys, blood clotting system are
affected
• Severity among Younger cases is lesser than elder

16. 7. Case Definition (1)- Suspect
• Person with the history of
1. Fever
2. Cough
3. Respiratory distress
And any of the following
• A history of travel to China during the 14 days
prior to symptom onset
Or

17. Case Definition (1)- Suspect…….
Or
• The disease occurs in a health care worker
who has been working in an environment
where patients with severe acute respiratory
infections are being cared for without regard
to place of residence or history of travel

18. Case Definition (1)- Suspect…….
Or
• The person develops an unusual or
unexpected clinical course, especially sudden
deterioration despite appropriate treatment,
without regard to place of residence or history
of travel, even if another aetiology has been
identified that fully explains the clinical
presentation

19. Case Definition (2)- Probable
• A person with acute respiratory illness of any
degree of severity who, within 14 days before
onset of illness, had any of the following
exposures:
a. Close physical contact with a confirmed case
of Covid-19 infection, while that patient was
symptomatic
Or

20. Case Definition (2)- Probable…..
b. A health care facility in a country where hospital
associated Covid-19 infections have been reported
Or
c. Direct contact with animals (if animal source is
identified) in the countries where the Covid-19 is
known to be circulating in animal populations or
where human infections have occurred as a result
of presumed zoonotic transmission.

21. Case Definition (3)- Laboratory
• Patients that meet the case definition are
tested positive with specific real time RT-PCR
test for Covid-19
• Two consecutive negative PCR tests at least 24
hours remain gold standard for viral clearance
and that recommended basis for discharge

22. 8. Contact
• Close contacts: Passengers of same flight
sitting at the same row and two row in front
and behind the patient.
• Other Contacts: Passengers of same cabin

23. 8. Quarantine among contacts
• 14 days from the last day of contact with
confirmed or probable cases

24. 9. Prevention and control
• Stay at home
• Use of three layered mask
• Appropriate Distance from cases and contacts
• Minimise movements till 14 days after arrival
in India
• Daily health status monitoring and reporting
• Reporting to nearest public hospital

25. Preventive measures…….

26. Prevention and control……
• Take proper infection prevention precautions
• Hand Hygiene
• Respiratory hygiene
• Droplet precautions
• Use of N-95 mask
• Frequent hand wash
• No frequent meeting with family members
• Only designated staff to visit isolation ward with
full personal protective equipment (PPE)

27. 10. News Analysis

28. Good News
1. Birth of non-infected baby from infected
mother
2. Use of Anti-Retroviral Drugs
3. Vaccine is under trial

29. The Diamond Princess has become a
floating home to 2,666