The document discusses COVID-19 and provides information on the virus, its transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. It describes coronaviruses and defines COVID-19. It covers the incidence and spread of COVID-19 globally. Key points include how the virus is transmitted, its incubation period, high-risk groups, common and severe symptoms, diagnostic tests and medical management. The presentation emphasizes the importance of prevention measures like hand washing, social distancing and mask wearing.

1. Presented By: SHAMIL.C.B
“National e-Conference”
“Innovative ideas for addressing community
health needs due to COVID-19”
“Emphasis on
wellness,
education and
prevention of
COVID-19”
In Association with Teerthanker Mahaveer University & VISWASS School & College of Nursing

2. “Emphasis on wellness, education and
prevention of COVID-19”

3. “Emphasis on wellness,
education and prevention of
COVID-19”
KNOWLEDGE ON COVID - 19

4. KNOWLEDGE
ON COVID - 19
01
02
03
04
 Description on Corona Virus
 Types and history of Corona Virus
 COVID- 19
Background of COVID- 19
 Incidence, Routes and mode of transmission, Signs &
Symptoms.
 Incubation period
Epidemiology
 Methods of investigation.
Diagnosis & Treatment
 Medical Treatment.
 Vaccine.
Management

5. CoVs are positive-stranded RNA
viruses with a crown-like
appearance under an electron
microscope (coronam is the
Latin term for crown) due to the
presence of spike glycoproteins
on the envelope.
Coronaviruses are a large family
of viruses, 7 of which are known
to cause illness ranging from the
common cold to more severe
diseases in humans.
Coronaviruses may cause
illness in animals or humans.
In humans, several
coronaviruses are known to
cause respiratory infections
ranging from the common
cold to more severe diseases
such as Middle East
Respiratory Syndrome
(MERS) and Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome
(SARS). The most recently
discovered coronavirus
causes coronavirus disease
COVID-19.
CORONA VIRUS
Description, types of Corona Virus

6. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is defined as
illness caused by a novel coronavirus now called
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
COVID-19 is a disease caused by a new coronavirus,
which has not been previously identified in humans.
This new virus and disease were unknown before the
outbreak began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.
On March 11, 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 a
global pandemic.
COVID - 19

7. Incidence COVID - 19
On 31 December 2019, the World
Health Organization(WHO) detected
reports of a cluster of viral pneumonia
cases of unknown cause in Wuhan,
Hubei,China
2019, December
As of August 06, 2020, COVID-19 has
been confirmed in 19,105,369
individuals worldwide and has resulted
in more than 713,759 deaths and
12,257,363 people recovered from it .
More than 180 countries have reported
laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-
19 on all continents except Antarctica.
* Report latest on 2020,August 6
2020, August 078Months
Since

8. Transmission of COVID -19
Virus released in respiratory secretions (eg, during coughing, sneezing, talking) can infect
other individuals via contact with mucous membranes.
On July 9, 2020, the World Health Organization issued an update stating that airborne
transmission may play a role in the spread of COVID-19
One study found that SARS-CoV-2 remained detectable for up to 72 hours on
some surfaces despite decreasing infectivity over time
Route of Transmission
SARS-CoV-2 is believed to spread primarily via respiratory droplets from the nose or saliva through
mouth that are transmitted from person to person who are in close contact (usually within about 6 feet).

9. High Risk Population
People at increased risk for severe illness
Everyone is at risk for getting COVID-19 if they are exposed to the
virus. Some people are more likely than others to become severely
ill, which means that they may require hospitalization, intensive
care, or a ventilator to help them breathe, or they may even die..
OLDER ADULTS
People who are aged over
60 years
PEOPLE WITH
CHRONIC
HEALTH CONDITION
People who have underlying
medical conditions such as
diabetes, heart disease, respiratory
disease or hypertension are among
those who are at greater risk of
developing severe or critical illness
if infected with the virus.
Immunocompromised state (weakened immune system) from
solid organ transplant. Obesity (body mass index [BMI] of 30
or higher) Serious heart conditions
OTHERS
Health workers who do not use
proper PPE during COVI-19 patient
care.
People had a travel history of
COVID -19 Pandemic area.
People who care for COVID +ve
case during Incubtion period

10.  The incubation period for COVID-19
is thought to extend to 14 days. One
study reported that 97.5% of persons
with COVID-19 who develop
symptoms will do so within 11.5 days
of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Incubation period
COVID -19
*A median time of Incubation period is 4-5 days from exposure to symptoms onset.

11. Signs & Symptoms
Common symptoms
Less common symptoms
1. Sore throat
2. Diarrhoea
3. Conjunctivitis
4. Headache
5. Loss of taste or smell
6. A rash on skin, or
discolouration of fingers or toes.
7. Respiratory distress.
Less common symptoms
1. Fever with chills.
2. Dry cough.
3. Congestion or runny nose
4. Tiredness
5. Muscle or body ache.
Common symptoms
*Most people (about 80%) recover from the disease without needing hospital treatment. Around 1 out of
every 5 people who gets COVID-19 becomes seriously ill and develops difficulty breathing
*Around 1 out of every 6 people who gets COVID-19 becomes seriously ill and has difficulty breathing.
PTO

12. The most common serious manifestation of
COVID-19 appears to be pneumonia, Some
people are at a higher risk for developing
serious complications - like pneumonia and
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome .
The COVID-19 pandemic has seen a surge
of patients with acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS) in intensive care units
across the globe. COVID‐19 ARDS is a
predictable serious complication of
COVID‐19 that requires early recognition
and comprehensive management
Severe pneumonia and acute respiratory
distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-
19 is a challenge for nowadays medical
practice.
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13. Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnostic test for the COVID-
19 virus, a health care provider
uses a long swab to take a sample
from the nose or throat. The
samples are then sent to a lab for
testing.
No pharmaceutical products have
yet been shown to be safe and
effective for the treatment of
COVID-19.

14. Specimen Collection, Packaging and Transport
Guidelines for 2019 novel Coronavirus (2019-
nCoV)
To be used by the treating physicians, public
health experts and laboratory personnel from
Government health authorities/ hospitals/
planning to collect appropriate clinical samples as
indicated for diagnosis of 2019 nCoV - Acute
Respiratory Disease.
Scope
Specimen collection, packaging and transport of
clinical specimens to Influenza Lab in Division of
Microbiology at National Centre for Disease control
for diagnosis of 2019 nCoV - Acute Respiratory
Disease.
Purpose

15. How to Diagnose COVID – 19?
Reverse polymerase
chain reaction (RT-PCR),
Laboratory
Examinations Imaging
Molecular test
The WHO recommends
collecting specimens from
both the upper respiratory
tract (naso- and
oropharyngeal samples) and
lower respiratory tract such
as expectorated sputum,
endotracheal aspirate, or
bronchoalveolar lavage.
Lab tests
1. A normal or
decreased count
(WBC).
2. A decreased
lymphocyte count.
3. In critical patients,
multiorgan imbalance
.
4. Increased D-dimer.
X-Rays
1. Chest X-ray
examination.
2. Chest CT.
3. Lung ultrasound.
Antibody tests
Serology tests.
1. Antibody tests identify if a
person has been exposed to
SARS-CoV-2 and
developed immunity against
SARS-CoV-2 infection.
2. Not currently recommended
for the diagnosis of acute
cases of COVID-19
PTO

16. COVID-19 IgM/IgG
Rapid Test
The test detects both early marker and late marker, IgM/IgG
antibodies in human finger-prick (capillary) or venous whole blood,
serum, and plasma samples.
Features & Benefits
1. Works with whole blood, serum, & plasma.
Precise
 10-15 minutes per test
Fast
1. Collect blood/serum/plasma sample.
2. Add blood/serum/plasma sample to sample
well.
3. Place 2-3 drops of buffer in sample well.
4. Read results after 10 minutes and no more than
15 minutes.
STEPS

17. Treatment / Management
There is no specific antiviral treatment recommended for COVID-
19, and no vaccine is currently available.
80%
of patients recover from the disease without needing special treatment,
and for the majority – especially for young adults – illness due to
COVID-19 is generally minor.
ARDS treatment
About one in six Covid-19
patients have difficulty
breathing, and about 40% of
those with difficulty breathing
develop ARDS. Of ARDS
patients, who are treated with
mechanical ventilation, there is a
20–50% survival rate. The
estimated mortality rate is 80%
for moderate to severe Covid-19-
related ARDS.
O2 Therapy
In a patient with a SpO2
< 93-94% (< 88-90% if
COPD) or a respiratory
rate > 28-30 / min, or
dyspnoea,
the administration of
oxygen by a 40% Venturi
mask must be
performed.
HFNO and Non-
invasive Ventilation
when it is difficult to maintain
SpO2 > 92% and/or not
improved dyspnoea through
standard oxygen.
The treatment is symptomatic, and oxygen therapy represents the first
step for addressing respiratory impairment. Non-invasive (NIV) and
invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) may be necessary in cases of
respiratory failure refractory to oxygen therapy.
*High-flow nasal oxygen
PTO

18. About 5–15% of patients with
COVID(corona virus
disease)-19 infection require
intensive care surveillance
and ventilator support.
Current recommendations
suggest early intubation of
COVID-19 patients mainly
for two reasons:
(1) severe hypoxemia with
PaO2/FiO2 often
<200 mm Hg,severe acute
respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS); and
(2) to protect staff from viral
transmission
Other Therapies
1. Corticosteroids
2. Antiviral agents
3. Antiviral/immuno
modulatory drugs.
4. Serotherapy
5. Anticoagulant
6. Inflammation
inhibitors
Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Vaccine & Treatment
Currently, there are no vaccines
or treatments approved by WHO
specifically for the COVID-19
virus. Efforts are underway to
develop a vaccine and to identify
antiviral treatments for
the coronavirus.
Intubation and
Protective
Mechanical
Ventilation
Special precautions are necessary during
intubation. The procedure should be executed by
an expert operator who uses personal protective
equipment (PPE) such as FFP3 or N95 mask,
protective goggles, disposable gown long sleeve
raincoat, disposable double socks, and gloves.

19. Prevention on
COVID 19
“Protect yourself and others from
the spread COVID-19”

20. Regularly and thoroughly
clean your hands with an
alcohol-based hand rub or
wash them with soap and
water.
Wash your
hands
frequently
Washing your hands
with soap and water or
using alcohol-based
hand rub kills viruses
that may be on your
hands.

21. Maintain Social Distance
Social
Distancing
2m
Maintain at least 2 metre
(6 feet) distance between
yourself and anyone who
is coughing or sneezing.
When someone coughs or
sneezes they spray small liquid
droplets from their nose or
mouth which may contain
virus. If you are too close, you
can breathe in the droplets,
including the COVID-19 virus
if the person coughing has the
disease.

22. Stay home and self-isolate even with minor symptoms such as
cough, headache, mild fever, until you recover.
Stay home
Have someone bring you supplies.
Get Help
If you need to leave your house, wear a mask to avoid infecting others.
Remember
Avoiding contact with others will protect you from possible COVID-19 and
other viruses.
Remember
Avoid going
out
unnecessary

23. Avoid going to
crowded places
Where people come together in crowds, you are
more likely to come into close contact with
someone that has COVID-19 and it is more difficult
to maintain physical distance of 1 metre (3 feet).

24. Avoid touching eyes, nose and
mouth.
Hands touch many surfaces
and can pick up viruses. Once
contaminated, hands can transfer
the virus to your eyes, nose or
mouth. From there, the virus can
enter your body and infect you.
AVOID
TOUCHING

25. Make sure you, and the people around you,
follow good respiratory hygiene.
This means covering your mouth and nose
with your bent elbow or tissue when you
cough or sneeze.
Then dispose of the used tissue immediately
and wash your hands, because Droplets
spread virus.
By following good respiratory hygiene, you
protect the people around you from viruses
of COVID-19.
Good respiratory hygiene
Respiratory hygiene

26. self-isolate even with minor
symptoms
Self-isolate even with minor symptoms such as cough,
headache, mild fever, until you recover.
Avoiding contact with others will protect them from
possible COVID-19 and other viruses.
PANDEMIC
COVID-19
Self -Isolate

27. KEEP UPDATED
KEEP UPDATED WITH LATEST
INFORMATION
Keep up to date on the latest information
from trusted sources, such as WHO or your
local and national health authorities.
Local and national authorities are best
placed to advise on what people in your area
should be doing to protect themselves.

28. Safe use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers
Keep alcohol-based
hand sanitizers out
of children’s reach.
Teach them how to
apply the sanitizer
and monitor its use.
Remember
Avoid touching your eyes,
mouth and nose
immediately after using an
alcohol-based hand
sanitizer, as it can cause
irritation.
Remember
Apply a coin-sized amount on your
hands. There is no need to use a large
amount of the product.
Remember
Remember that
washing your hands
with soap and water
is also effective
against COVID-19.
Remember
Please Use Hand Sanitizer
Use alcohol-based hand sanitizer or wash your hands with soap and water. If you
use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer, make sure you use and store it carefully.

29. W E A R M A S K
1. Medical masks.
2. Non-medical, fabric masks
Medical masks can protect people wearing
the mask from getting infected, as well as can
prevent those who have symptoms from
spreading them.
Non-medical, fabric masks are being used
by many people in public areas, but there has
been limited evidence on their effectiveness
and WHO does not recommend their
widespread use among the public for control of
COVID-19
WHO’s view on masks
1. Masks should be used as part of a
comprehensive strategy of measures to suppress
transmission and save lives; the use of a mask
alone is not sufficient to provide an adequate
level of protection against COVID-19.
2. You should also maintain a minimum physical
distance of at least 1 metre from others,
frequently clean your hands and avoid touching
your face and mask.

30. WHO recommends the following
groups use medical masks.
Health workers.
01
Anyone with symptoms suggestive
of COVID-19, including people with
mild symptoms
02
People caring for suspect or
confirmed cases of COVID-19 outside
of health facilities
03
People aged 60 or over.04
People of any age with underlying
health conditions05

31. How to put on a medical mask?
Before touching the mask, clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or
soap and water .
Inspect the mask for tears or holes; do not use a mask that has previously been
worn or is damaged.
Verify which side is the top – this is usually where the metal strip is
Then, identify the inside of the mask, which is usually the white side.
Place the mask on your face covering your nose, mouth and chin, making sure
that there are no gaps between your face and the mask.
Pinch the metal strip so it moulds to the shape of your nose.
Remember, do not touch the front of the mask while using it to avoid
contamination; if you accidentally touch it, clean your hands.

32. How to take off a medical mask
01 STEP Before touching the mask, clean your hands
with an alcohol-based hand rub or soap and
water
Clean your hands after touching
the mask.
04 STEP
As you remove the mask, lean forward and pull
the mask away from your face.
03 STEP
Remove the straps from behind the head or
ears, without touching the front of the mask.
02 STEP

33. DOES WHO RECOMMEND THE USE OF FABRIC MASKS
FOR THE GENERAL PUBLIC?
WHO advises that governments should
encourage the use of non-medical fabric masks,
which can act as a barrier to prevent the spread
of the virus between people in the general
public where physical distancing of at least 1
metre is not possible .
Composition of a non-medical, fabric mask:
1. An inner layer of absorbent material such
as cotton
2. A middle layer of non-woven material
such as polypropylene
3. an outer layer of non-absorbent material,
such as polyester or polyester blend
At the present time, the widespread use
of masks everywhere is not supported by
high-quality scientific evidence, and
there are potential benefits and harms to
consider while wear mask.
It is important to note that masks should only be
used as part of a comprehensive strategy. Masks
on their own will not protect you from COVID-19.
People should also clean their hands frequently
and maintain a distance of at least 1 metre from
others.

34. Clean your hands before putting on the mask.
Inspect the mask for tears or holes, do not use a mask that is
damaged.
Adjust the mask to cover your mouth, nose, and chin,
leaving no gaps on the sides.
Avoid touching the mask while wearing it.
Change your mask if it gets dirty or wet.
Clean your hands before taking off the mask.
Take off the mask by removing it from the ear loops, without
touching the front of the mask.
Clean your hands after removing the mask.
01
02
03
04
Using a fabric mask

35. Use Arogya Setu Mobile App
Aarogya Setu
Aarogya Setu is an Indian open-source CoVID-19
"Contact tracing, Syndromic mapping and Self-
assessment" digital service, primarily a mobile app,
developed by the National Informatics Centre under the
Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.

36. SHAMIL’S
EMPHASIS
ON
WELLNESS
In Association with Teerthanker Mahaveer University & VISWASS School & College of Nursing

37. Wellness is the act of practicing
healthy habits on a daily basis to attain
better physical and mental health
outcomes, so that instead of just
surviving, you're flourishing.
Wellness
“Wellness is often associated with Quality of Life”

38. Wellness
To understand the significance of
wellness, it’s important to understand
how it's linked to health. According to
the World Health Organization
(WHO), health is defined as being “a
state of complete physical, mental and
social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity.”
“Wellness is the state of being in good health”

39. Wellness is an active
process of becoming aware
of and making choices
toward a healthy and
fulfilling life. Wellness is
more than being free from
illness, it is a dynamic
process of change and
growth.
WELLNESS
“Maintaining an optimal
level of wellness is
absolutely crucial to live a
higher quality life”
“Wellness is the active pursuit of activities, choices and lifestyles that lead to a state of holistic health”.

40. Wellness is the quality or state of
being healthy in body and mind
especially as a result of deliberate
effort
It referenced as an approach to
healthcare that emphasizes
preventing illness and prolonging life,
as opposed to emphasizing
treating diseases.
Wellness is the complete
integration of body, mind and
spirit-The realization that everything
we do, think, feel and believe has an
effect on our state of well-being
Wellness is an active process of
increasing awareness and
actively making choices
towards a healthy and fulfilling
life
What Is
Wellness?
Wellness can be
seen as an
analogue to the
medical term
homeostasis.

41. Maintaining Mental Health,
Wellness During COVID-19
Pandemic
Nursing is a high-stress career, and the added
challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic underscore the
need for nurses to maintain their mental health and
well-being.
As people face financial issues because of the imposition of
serious lockdowns, they cannot recover from the mental loss.
The world is slowing down, and people are getting mentally
unstable because of the various stress going on.

42. Maintaining wellness during
a pandemic
Recognizing the signs of burnout
As a result of COVID-19, many nurses and other health
professionals are experiencing physical isolation, a surge in
care demands, equipment challenges, and the ongoing risk
of infection. These factors can all lead to increasing stress
levels.

43. How to Recognize the signs of burnout?
01
Having feelings of sadness, depression,
failure, helplessness or apathy
02
Blaming others, or feeling generally
irritable
03 Becoming easily frustrated 04 Feeling disassociated, indifferent or
apathetic
05 Feeling tired, exhausted or overwhelmed,
using negative coping strategies
06
Isolating or disconnecting from others,
practising poor self-care

44. *Graphic adapted from Road to Mental Readiness, Canadian Armed Forces © October 2017 Drs. Kerri Ritchie & Caroline Gérin-
Lajoie, The Ottawa Hospital
Check in with yourself:
Ask yourself what you
can do to keep your
spirits up, recharge or
move toward the green
color.
Listen to your own
feelings. Know the signs
indicating you’re stressed
out and when they appear,
you need to act.
“
”

45. Care for yourself:
Considering the pandemic could play out for months, nurses
need to implement personal strategies to deal with fatigue,
stress and uncertainty.
“
”
Eat, drink and sleep regularly.
Meet your basic needs –01
Use transitions throughout your day to be mindful and reflect on your
feelings:
Take control of the pace of your life.03
Monitor yourself over time for any symptoms of depression or stress
Perform self check-ins
04
Give and receive support from your colleagues & Rely on trusted
sources of information :
Stay connected & Updated.05
Whenever possible, give yourself a rest from patient care with
comforting, fun, or relaxing activities.
Take breaks:02

46. 6 ways to improve wellness during the pandemic
Eat and cook well
Move your body
Get enough sleep
Control your stress levels
Show gratitude
Stay connected to others
You can simply
impress your
audience.
Contents Title

47. How to Achieve Wellness?
Wellness can be achieve by practicing following strategies
1. Practice Mindfulness.
2. Learn Breathing Exercises
3. Try Meditation
4. Limit News Consumption to Trusted Sources
5. Be Generous and Kind to Others
6. Don’t Stigmatize and Practice Empathy

48. Visualizing each number as you count,
breathe in slowly for a count of four.01
Pause and hold your breath for a count
of four02
Exhale slowly for a count of four
03
Repeat three to five times
04
How to Use tactical
breathing to focus, gain
control and manage stress
and Keep Mental Wellness?
STEPS

49. Prepared By:
SHAMIL.C.B
Associate Professor
Teerthanker Mahaveer University
Moradabad, UP
THANK YOU
In Association with Teerthanker Mahaveer University & VISWASS School & College of Nursing