corona virus and its spread over the world. Its genome and capsid and different parts ...

2. CORONA VIRUS
Muhammad Jamil

3. Contents
 What is CORONA virus?
 Shape and Structure
 How does the virus spread?
 What are the symptoms?
 Risk Factors and Severity
 Treatment and Vaccine

4. Natural history of COVID-19
Pathogen
Reservoire
Portal of
Exit
Mode of
transmissio
n
Portal of
Entry
Susceptible
host

5. Natural history of COVID-19
Pathogen
CVID-19
Reservoire
Unknown
Portal of
Exit
Airway or
other?
Mode of
transmissio
n spill
over
Portal of
Entry
Airway or
other?
Susceptible
host any
individual
expose to
virus

6. Corona virus
• Any of a family (Coronaviridae) of single-stranded
RNA viruses that have a lipid envelope studded with
club-shaped projections, infect birds and many mam
mals including humans, and include the causative age
nts of MERS, SARS, and COVID-19 Coronaviruse
s can cause a variety of illnesses in animals, but in pe
ople coronaviruses cause one-third of common cold
s and sometimes respiratory infections in premature
infants.

7. What are Corona viruses?
• Coronaviruses are believed to cause a significant perc
entage of all common colds in human adults. Coronav
iruses cause colds in humans primarily in the winter a
nd early spring season.
• Coronaviruses primarily infect the upper respiratory
and gastrointestinal tract of mammals and birds.
• COVID-19 is the name of the “novel coronavirus” disease
• SARS-CoV-2 is the name of the virus that causes COVID-19

8. CONTINUE..
• Four to five different currently
known strains of Coronaviruses
infect humans. The most publici
zed human Coronavirus, is SAR
S.
• A sixth was discovered in 2012
, known as Novel Coronavirus .

9. Coronavirus Outbreaks in History
• The major outbreaks in the history due to coro
navirus are:
 SARS
 MERS

10. Types
There are many types of corona viruses infected hu
mans.
• Some of them can cause colds or other mild respi
ratory (nose, throat, lung) illnesses.
• Other coronaviruses can cause more serious disea
ses, including:
I. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).
II. Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).

11. Difference between COVID-19 and
SARS
• SARS stands for severe acute respiratory syndrome.
• In 2003, an outbreak of SARS started in China and
spread to other countries before ending in 2004.
• The virus that causes COVID-19 is similar to the one
that caused the 2003 SARS outbreak: both are types
of coronaviruses.
• Much is still unknown, but COVID-19 seems to
spread faster than the 2003 SARS and also may cause
less severe illness.

12. corona chart(NOW)
Location Confirmation Recovery Death
USA 614,246 38,820 26,064
United Kingdom
93,873 - 12,107
Italy 162,488 21,067 37,130
Germany 132,210 3,495 72,600
China 82,295 3,342 77,816
TURKEY 65,111 4,799 1,403
Pakistan 5,988 1,446 107
Cases Over the world = 2,017,667
Death rate = 128,041 Confirmed deaths
Countries involves = 212 Countries, areas or territories with cases

14. Countries involves

15. Basic About CORONA Virus
• Coronaviruses are large pleomorphic spherical particles
with bulbous surface projections. The average diameter
of the virus particles is around 120 nm (.12 μm).
• The diameter of the envelope is ~80 nm (.08 μm) and
the spikes are ~20 nm (.02 μm) long.

16. Discovery of Coronavirus in Humans
• Human coronaviruses were discovered in the 1960s.
• The earliest ones studied were from human patients wit
h the common cold, which were later named human cor
onavirus 229E and human coronavirus OC43.
• Other human coronaviruses have since been identified,
including
1) SARS-CoV in 2003
2) MERS-CoV in 2012
3) SARS-CoV-2 in 2019

17. Structure of virus(Corona virus)
Structure:
• Coronaviruses are
large, enveloped,
positive-stranded
RNA viruses.

18. Origin of name:
• Coronaviruses are named for their appearance:
Under the microscope, the viruses look like
they are covered with pointed structures that
surround them like a corona, or crown.

19. Morphology
The viral envelope consists
of a lipid bilayer where
the membrane (M), envelop
e (E) and spike (S)structura
l proteins are anchored.
A subset of coronaviruses
(specifically the members o
f betacoronavirus subgroup
A) also have a shorter spike
-like surface protein called
hem-agglutinin esterase (H
E)

20. Genome
• The GENOME
1) SS(Single-Stranded
2) linear non segmented
+ve sense RNA .
The largest among
RNA viruses

21. How does the Corona-virus spread?
• All the clusters of cases
seen so far have been
transmitted between
family members or in a
health care setting, The
WHO said in an update
• Human-to-human
transmission occurred
in at least some of these
clusters, however, The
exact mode of transmis
sion is unknown.

22. Continue..
• That means it's not
yet known how
humans contract
the virus. But,
experts say, there
has been no eviden
ce of cases beyond
the clusters into
communities.

23. Symptoms
A person will show the
symptoms after a week
• Flu-like symptoms
• Fever
• A heavy cough.
• Shortness of breath
• Mild respiratory illnesses
such as the common
cold.

24. People at higher risk for COVID-19
• People who are at higher risk of illness from
COVID-19 are:
 Older adults
 People with asthma
 Diabetic patients
 People with HIV
 People with cardiovascular diseases
 People with chronic respiratory diseases

25. COVID-19 and Age Groups
COVID-19 and kids:
• When kids are infected, they tend to have milder s
ymptoms of the disease.
 COVID-19 and Adults:
• Adults infected with this virus are having moderat
e to severe symptoms, however it is not very fatal
in the young adults.
 COVID-19 and Older people:
• Older people mostly show severe symptoms and a
re at the highest risk among all the age groups.

26. Risk Factors and Severity
• People with COVID-19 can have no symptoms or
develop mild, severe, or fatal illness
• Kids may have less severe disease (2% of confirmed
cases in China occurred among those <20 years old)
• Current case fatality rate ~2% among those with labor
atory-confirmed COVID-19
• Risk factors for severe illness may include:
• Older age
• Underlying chronic medical conditions

27. TREATMENT
• Pharmacological
• Non pharmacological

28. Cont…
• No specific treatment currently available
• Supportive management of complications, including ad
vanced organ support if indicated
• Anti-viral medications under investigation
• Vaccines are under development
• Phase 1 trials in people may occur within 2 months

29. Non-pharmaceutical Interventions
Personal
• Home isolation of ill people, hand hygiene, re
sp. etiquette
• Home quarantine of well, potentially exposed peo
ple
• Social distancing
• School closures and dismissals
• Social distancing in workplaces
• Postponing or cancelling mass gatherings
• Environmental measures (e.g., routine cleaning of
frequently touched surfaces)

30. General Guidelines
Stay home
and also work from home
3m
The distance
from you to other person
not less then 3 m
Use disinfect
the contact surfaces
Must sanitize your
Hands
At-least After 15-20 mints
Whatsapp = +92-300-111-1166

31. What we can do as individuals
• Rely on and share trusted sources of information
• Speak up if you hear, see, or read stigmatizing or hara
ssing comments or misinformation.
• Show compassion and support for individuals and co
mmunities more closely impacted.
• Avoid stigmatizing people who are in quarantine. The
y are making the right choice for their communities.
• Do not make assumptions about someone’s health stat
us based on their ethnicity, race or national origin.

32. What we can do as professionals
• Stay updated and informed on COVID-19 to avo
id miscommunication or inaccurate information
• Talk openly about the harm of stigma
• View people directly impacted by stigma as peopl
e first
• Be conscious of your language
• Acknowledge access & language barriers
• Check your own stigmas and biases

33. CONT…
• Support community with where to access credi
ble information
• Be transparent about COVID-19
• Stick to the facts

34. That’s all about
CORONAVIRUS
THANK YOU