All you need to know about Corona Virus

1. Dr Neha Garg
Consultant Physician
Satyabhama Hospital

2.  At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus was
identified as the cause of a cluster of
pneumonia cases in Wuhan
 In February 2020, the World Health
Organization designated the disease COVID-
19, which stands for coronavirus disease
2019

3. Name Derived from
 Corona =CO
 Virus=VI
 Disease=D
 Eruption in 2019=19
CO+VI+D+19=COVID 19

4.  Epidemiology
 clinical features,
 Diagnosis,
 Management,
 Prevention

5.  Geographic distribution
◦ Confirmed cases of COVID-19 > 3 lac
◦ Total Number of death >13000
◦ South Korea, Italy, Iran, and Japan, US and Spain
ofcourse china.
 Transmission —
◦ initial association with a seafood market.
◦ person-to-person through respiratory droplet.
◦ Viral RNA levels appear to be higher soon after
symptom onset compared with later in the illness.
◦ Contact transmission rate is 1 to 5% among
contacts.

6.  Elderly
 With Co-morbid diseases like Diabetes, Heart
disease, Chronic diseases, etc.
 On Immunosuppressant Drugs which reduces
IMMUNITY

7.  Incubation period — The incubation period
for COVID-19 is thought to be within 14 days
following exposure, with most cases
occurring approximately four to five days
after exposure

8.  Mild (no or mild pneumonia) is reported in 81%
 Severe disease (eg, with dyspnea, hypoxia, or
>50 percent lung involvement on imaging
within 24 to 48 hours) is reported in 14%
 Critical disease (eg, with respiratory failure,
shock, or multiorgan dysfunction) : 5%
 The overall case fatality rate is 2.3%; no deaths
were reported among noncritical cases

9.  Impact of age Individuals of any age can
acquire severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection,
although adults of middle age and older are
most commonly affected.

10.  Asymptomatic infections
 Initial presentation — Pneumonia appears to be
the most frequent serious manifestation of
infection, characterized primarily by fever, cough,
dyspnea, and bilateral infiltrates on chest
imaging
● Fever in 99 percent
● Fatigue in 70 percent
● Dry cough in 59 percent
● Anorexia in 40 percent
● Myalgia in 35 percent
● Dyspnea in 31 percent
● Sputum production in 27 percent

11.  Age greater than 65 years, diabetes mellitus,
and hypertension are each associated with
greater risk of ARDS
 Other complications include arrhythmias,
acute cardiac injury, and shock

12.  Leukopenia, leukocytosis, and lymphopenia
 Elevated lactate dehydrogenase and ferritin levels
are common
 Elevated aminotransferase levels have also been
described
 Imaging findings
 Groundglass opacification with or without
consolidative abnormalities, consistent with viral
pneumonia
 Chest CT abnormalities are more likely to be
bilateral, have a peripheral distribution, and
involve the lower lobes. Less common findings
include pleural thickening, pleural effusion, and
lymphadenopathy

13.  Clinical suspicion and criteria for testing
◦ patients with fever and/or respiratory tract symptoms
(eg, cough, dyspnea) who have had any of the
following in the prior 14days:
1. Close contact with a confirmed or suspected
case of COVID-19
2. Residence in or travel to areas where
widespread community transmission has
been reported
3. Potential exposure through attendance at
events or spending time in specific settings
where COVID-19 cases have been reported
4. Severe lower respiratory tract illness

14.  Nasopharyngeal swab
 Reverse-transcription polymerase chain
reaction (RT-PCR)

15.  Site of care
 Home care — Home management is
appropriate for patients with mild infection
who can be adequately isolated in the
outpatient setting.

16. 1. Test Based
2. Non test based
 Test based
1. Resolution of fever.
2. Improvement in respiratory symptoms.
3. Negative results for COVID-19 from at least
two consecutive nasopharyngeal swab
specimens collected ≥24 hours apart.

17.  At least seven days have passed since
symptoms first appeared AND
 At least three days (72 hours) have passed
since recovery of symptoms

18.  Oxygenation
 Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation
 intubation with mechanical ventilation.
 Limited role of glucocorticoids
 Uncertainty about NSAID use Acetaminophin
 Investigational agents
 Remdesivir
 Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine
 Lopinavir-ritonavir
 Tocilizumab

19. Prevention is better than Cure

20.  Screening and precautions for fever or
respiratory symptoms
 wear a facemask
 Separate waiting areas
 recent travel or potential COVID-19 exposure
in the prior 14 days.
 In areas where community transmission is
ongoing, postponing elective procedures or
non-urgent visits

21.  medical mask
 The WHO recommends standard, contact, and
droplet precautions (ie, gown, gloves, and mask),
with eye or face protection
 Discontinuation of precautions
 Resolution of clinical signs and symptoms and
negative results of reverse-transcription
polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2)on two sequential paired
nasopharyngeal and throat specimens with each
pair collected ≥24 hours apart

22.  routine cleaning and disinfection procedures are
appropriate for COVID-19 virus
 Preventing exposure
 Diligent hand washing,
 Respiratory hygiene (eg, covering the cough or
sneeze).
 Avoiding touching the face (in particular eyes,
nose, and mouth).
 Avoiding crowds (particularly in poorly ventilated
spaces)
 Cleaning and disinfecting objects and surfaces
that are frequently touched.

23.  For people without respiratory symptoms,
wearing a medical mask in the community is
not recommended.
 Managing asymptomatic individuals with
potential exposure
 self-isolation with social distancing

24.  Who will wear?
◦ Healthy person doesn't require if NOT in gathering or
congested areas or in public transport
◦ MUST WEAR-All Health care Providers, in gathering or
congested areas or in public transport
 Type of Mask?
◦ Surgical mask will serve to check transmission.
◦ N 95 mask only for Health care Providers who are dealing
cases.
 Handling of Mask- Tie and un-tie with string only
mask should not be touched

25. Right Wrong B

26. Frequency of Hand washing?
◦Hand should be Properly washed
at least 30 seconds
Which Soap?
◦Any soap, cleaning is our aim
Which Sanitizers?
◦Any sanitizers but Alcohol Based
are better choice

29. Till date
NO SPECIFIC VACCINATION AGAINST
COVID 19 VIRUS
ALL OVER GLOBE

30.  Update yourself about COVID 19 time to time
 Keep all precautions, not panic
 Follow only authentic suggestions/updation.
 Awareness by Unqualified Persons must be avoided
 Refrain yourself from rumors.
 Take active participations and contribute your role
as a “HERO/HEROIN” to fight against this COVID 19
MAHAMARI
 Medical Fraternity (Who are on 24/7 duty) should
be encouraged & boosted by utmost tender care
and Love