Blood transfusion in farm animals prof dr. hamed attia

1. Blood Transfusion in Farm Animals (Part1)

2. ‫ا‬
.
‫د‬
‫عطية‬ ‫حامد‬
‫الحيوان‬ ‫طب‬ ‫استاذ‬
–
‫البيطرى‬ ‫الطب‬ ‫كلية‬
‫الزقازيق‬ ‫جامعة‬
-
‫مصر‬
‫الخبر‬ ‫اوميجا‬ ‫بمؤسسة‬ ‫الفنى‬ ‫المستشار‬
‫البيطرية‬ ‫لألدوية‬
‫المزرعة‬ ‫حيوانات‬ ‫فى‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫نقل‬
(
‫األول‬ ‫الجزء‬
)

3. Blood Transfusion in Farm Animals

‫مراعاتها‬ ‫الواجب‬ ‫االحتياطاب‬ ‫ماهى‬
‫الدم؟‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫عملية‬ ‫اجراء‬ ‫عند‬

‫؟‬ ‫الثالجة‬ ‫فى‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫حفظ‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫هل‬

‫تضاف‬ ‫التى‬ ‫التجلط‬ ‫مضادات‬ ‫ماهى‬
‫الجرعة؟‬ ‫نحسب‬ ‫وكيف‬

‫الخيول‬ ‫فى‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫شروط‬ ‫هى‬ ‫ما‬
‫والقطط؟‬ ‫والكالب‬

‫حساسية‬ ‫حدث‬ ‫لو‬ ‫الحيوان‬ ‫نحقن‬ ‫ماذ‬
‫الدم؟‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫من‬

‫لهجن‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫تكرار‬ ‫اضرار‬ ‫ماهى‬
‫السباق؟‬
‫هذه‬ ‫على‬ ‫نجيب‬ ‫سوف‬ ‫المحاضرة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫فى‬
‫األسئلة‬
:

1
-
‫الدم؟‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫دواعى‬ ‫ماهى‬

‫الدم؟‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫شروط‬ ‫ماهى‬

‫نق‬ ‫الى‬ ‫يحتاج‬ ‫انه‬ ‫الحيوان‬ ‫على‬ ‫نحكم‬ ‫كيف‬
‫دم؟‬ ‫ل‬

‫الحيوان‬ ‫من‬ ‫تؤخذ‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫من‬ ‫كمية‬ ‫أقصى‬ ‫ماهى‬
‫المعطى؟‬

‫الحيوان‬ ‫يحتاجها‬ ‫التى‬ ‫الجرعة‬ ‫نحسب‬ ‫كيف‬
‫المريض؟‬

‫اختبار‬ ‫الى‬ ‫الحاجة‬ ‫دون‬ ‫دم‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫هل‬
‫الدم؟‬ ‫فصيلة‬

4. History of Blood Transfusion

The first successful blood transfusion
recorded was performed by British
physician Richard Lower in 1665 when
he bled a dog almost to death and
then revived the animal by transfusing
blood from another dog via a tied
artery.

5. History of Blood Transfusion
In 1667, Jean-Baptiste Denis
performed the transfusion of blood
from an animal to a human.
 Denis transfused the blood from a
sheep to a 15-year old boy and later to
a labourer, both of whom survived the
transfusions.

6. History of Blood Transfusion
In 1818, British obstetrician James
Blundell successfully transfused
human blood to a patient who had
hemorrhaged during childbirth

7. History of Blood Transfusion
In 1901, Karl Landsteiner, an Austrian
physician discovered the first human
blood groups, which helped
transfusion to become a safer
practice.

8. History of Blood Transfusion
Between 1914 and 1918,
Anticoagulants such ( sodium citrate)
were found to prolong the shelf life of
blood and refrigeration also proved to
be an effective means of preserving
blood.

9. Function of the Blood
‫الدم‬ ‫وظيفة‬
 Transporting oxygen and nutrients to the
lungs and tissues
 Forming blood clots to prevent excess blood
loss
 Carrying cells and antibodies that fight
infection
 Bringing waste products to the kidneys and
liver, which filter and clean the blood
 Regulating body temperature

10. ‫الدم‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫تعريف‬ ‫ماهو‬
‫البالزما‬ ‫بين‬ ‫الفرق‬ ‫وماهو‬
‫والسيرم؟‬

11. Blood transfusion refers to the ‫الدم‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫تعريف‬
:
administration of donated blood products
such as red blood cells, platelets or
plasma
BLOOD TRANSFUSION

12. Difference between Plasma & Serum
 Plasma:
 Blood containg anti coagulant, then
make centrifugation will separate plasma
 ( it contain fibrinogen).
 Serum:
 Blood without anticoagulant then make
centrifugation will separate serum

13. Blood Transfusion
 Indications:
 In severe anemia where there is extreme
depletion of oxygen carrying capacity of
the blood occurs and life is threatened,

14. ‫الدم؟‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫دواعى‬ ‫ماهى‬

15. Indication
‫الدم؟‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫دواعى‬ ‫ماهي‬
Acute haemorrhage
 – Complication after caesarian section
 – Uterine prolapse.
 – Umbilical vessel damage by a newborn
calf
 – Trauma

16. Indication
 • Abomasal ulceration(Melena)
 Tickborn protozoan parasite (Babesia)
 Destruction of erythrocytes (Anaplasma - Theileria-
Trypanosoma);
 Post parturient hypophosphatemia
 Bacillary hemoglobinuria
 Internal parasites ( Haemonchus) and external parasites(
Tick)

17. ‫رفع‬
‫الجهاز‬
‫المناعى‬
‫فى‬
‫المواليد‬
‫الحديثة‬
:
‫العجول‬
‫والحمالن‬
‫والحيران‬
‫المولودة‬
‫ولم‬
‫تحصل‬
‫على‬
‫السرسوب‬
‫يمكن‬
‫نقل‬
‫الدم‬
‫لها‬
‫من‬
‫االمهات‬
(
‫خاصة‬
‫المحصنة‬
)
‫ليعطى‬
‫مناعة‬
‫للمواليد‬
‫الصغيرة‬
‫ملحوظة‬
:
‫يفضل‬
‫نقل‬
‫البالزما‬
‫ان‬
‫أمكن‬

18. ‫فى‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫كمية‬ ‫ماهى‬
‫ينفق‬ ‫ومتى‬ ‫السليم‬ ‫الحيوان‬
‫الحيوان؟‬

19. Facts and figures
 • Normal blood volume: 8 % of BW
 ‫وزنه‬ ‫حيوان‬
400
‫فى‬ ‫الموجودة‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫كمية‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫جرام‬ ‫كيلو‬
‫تساوى‬ ‫الجسم‬
32
‫ليتر‬
 Haemorrhagic shock when 30 – 40 %
of the total blood volume is lost rapidly
‫وزنه‬ ‫اللى‬ ‫الحيوان‬ ‫يعنى‬
400
‫فقد‬ ‫لو‬ ‫ينفق‬ ‫ممكن‬ ‫كيلو‬
12
‫من‬ ‫ليتر‬
‫الموجود‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫حجم‬

20. ‫انها‬ ‫الحالة‬ ‫على‬ ‫نحكم‬ ‫كيف‬
‫الدم؟‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫الى‬ ‫تحتاج‬

21. the need for blood transfusion
 the need for a transfusion based on the
packed cell volume
 or
 platelet count
 and clinical status of the patient
 Consider a transfusion if the packed cell
volume is 25%

22. Clinical sings of anemia
1
-
‫االعراض‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬
 lethargy, lack of appetite, exercise
intolerance (weak cattle that lag behind the
mob if moved).
 If forced to run they may stagger and gasp
for breath and some may collapse and die.
Their gums will be pale and/or yellow.

23. Clinical sings of anemia
 Pregnant cows may abort and still births
are common.
 In dairy cows a drop in milk production will
occur.
 Death rates are highest in heavily pregnant
cows.

24. CBC
2
-
‫المعملى‬ ‫التحليل‬ ‫من‬
 Decrease in erythrocyte number( below
5000/100 ml blood.
 Decrease in hemoglobin ( below 7 gm /100
ml blood).

‫الحكم‬
‫على‬
‫حالة‬
‫فقر‬
‫الدم‬
‫يكون‬
‫من‬
‫خالل‬
‫االعراض‬
‫االكلينيكي‬
‫ة‬
‫وصورة‬
‫الدم‬

25. CBC
 PCV:
 •Normal adult bovine PCV: 24 – 43 %
 PCV between 10 and 15 will benefit from a
transfusion.
 A cow with a PCV of 10 % will have lost
two-thirds of its circulating red cells.
 • One litre blood will raise up the PCV with
+/- 0,75 %.

26. ‫الدم؟‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫شروط‬ ‫ماهى‬

27. Donner Cow
1
-
‫للدم‬ ‫المعطية‬ ‫البقرة‬ ‫شروط‬
 The donor should be :
 Healthy
 Free from internal and external parasites
 Free from infectious diseases
 It is bitter:
 Young cow (4-5 years old)
 One month post calving.
 BCS 5+.

28. ‫مضادات‬ ‫أنواع‬ ‫ماهى‬
‫الى‬ ‫تضاف‬ ‫التى‬ ‫التجلط‬
‫المنقول؟‬ ‫الدم‬

29. Anticoagulants solution
‫المنقول‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫على‬ ‫تضاف‬ ‫التى‬ ‫التجلط‬ ‫مضادات‬
1-Sodium citrate:
 – 100 ml of a (3.8 to 5 %) per liter blood
 (or 35 ml (20%)per liter blood)
 – Make it freshly up

‫يجب‬
‫ان‬
‫يحضر‬
‫عند‬
‫اجراء‬
‫عملية‬
‫نقل‬
‫الدم‬

30. Anticoagulants solution
‫المنقول‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫على‬ ‫تضاف‬ ‫التى‬ ‫التجلط‬ ‫مضادات‬
2-Heparin sodium:
 5000 units for 1 liter blood

‫علىى‬ ‫تحتىوى‬ ‫التىى‬ ‫الكالهيبارين‬ ‫امبولة‬
1500
‫تكفىى‬ ‫دوليىة‬ ‫وحىدة‬
‫لعمل‬
3
‫الدم‬ ‫من‬ ‫ليتر‬
.

31. Anticoagulants solution
‫المنقول‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫على‬ ‫تضاف‬ ‫التى‬ ‫التجلط‬ ‫مضادات‬
‫ملحوظة‬
‫مهمة‬
‫وضع‬ ‫يتم‬
20
‫التى‬ ‫الزجاجة‬ ‫فى‬ ‫ايزوتونيك‬ ‫ملحى‬ ‫محلول‬ ‫من‬ ‫مل‬
‫ونبد‬ ‫عليها‬ ‫الهيبارين‬ ‫اضافة‬ ‫ثم‬ ‫فيها‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫تجميع‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫سوف‬
‫عملية‬ ‫ا‬
‫ت‬ ‫لمنع‬ ‫فترة‬ ‫كل‬ ‫الزجاجة‬ ‫ونحرك‬ ‫المعطية‬ ‫البقرة‬ ‫من‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫تجميع‬
‫جلط‬
‫الدم‬
.

32. Disadvantages of heparin
 Heparin should not be used as an
anticoagulant,
 because:
 It has a longer half-life in the recipient and
causes platelet activation.
 Also, heparinized blood cannot be stored.

33. ‫فى‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫حفظ‬ ‫ممكن‬ ‫هل‬
‫؟‬ ‫المدة‬ ‫وماهى‬ ‫الثالجة‬

34. ‫الجاهزة‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫أكياس‬
Blood Bags

‫اكياس‬
‫الدم‬
‫تحتوى‬
‫على‬
‫مانع‬
‫التجلط‬

‫سعة‬
‫الكيس‬
450
‫مل‬

‫يمكن‬
‫حفظه‬
‫فى‬
‫الثالجة‬
‫لمدة‬
24
‫ساعة‬
.
‫الدم‬
‫المضاف‬
‫له‬
‫هيبارين‬
:

‫اليحفظ‬
‫فى‬
‫الثالجة‬
‫ويجب‬
‫استعماله‬
‫فى‬
‫نفس‬
‫الوقت‬
.

35. ‫الدم‬ ‫من‬ ‫كمية‬ ‫أقصى‬ ‫ماهى‬
‫الحالة‬ ‫الى‬ ‫نقلها‬ ‫يمكن‬
‫المريضة؟‬

36. Total blood volume
‫المريضة‬ ‫البقرة‬ ‫تحتاجها‬ ‫التى‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫كمية‬
 Total blood volume estimated in cattle is
 One liter/100kg.
 Example ‫توضيحى‬ ‫مثال‬
 Cattle weighed 400 kgs the blood volume
estimated is 4 liter
 A calf weighed 40kgs the blood volume
estimated is 400 ml.

37. ‫المريضة‬ ‫البقرة‬ ‫تحتاجها‬ ‫التى‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫كمية‬
 5 litres of blood is enough to keep a cow
alive (even 3 is). Aim for 5.
 Stored whole blood with anti-coagulant
only lasts 24 hours.
 Antihistamine and Penicillin 30 minutes
pre-transfusion.
 Iron supplement may be useful.

38. ‫فى‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫حفظ‬ ‫ممكن‬ ‫هل‬
‫؟‬ ‫المدة‬ ‫وماهى‬ ‫الثالجة‬

39. Procedure
 The hair near jugular furrow was clipped.
 The site was aseptically prepared.
 Then, Jugular vein was raised using pressure
and a 16G 2 inch needle was inserted into the
vein.

41. ‫تعطى‬ ‫التى‬ ‫األدوية‬ ‫ماهى‬
‫للدم‬ ‫المستقبل‬ ‫للحيوان‬
‫حساسية؟‬ ‫حدوث‬ ‫لتجنب‬

42. After transfusion
Antihistamine with broad spectrum
antibiotic is administered to
combat any contamination and
prevent adverse effects

43. ‫دون‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫ممكن‬ ‫هل‬
‫فصيلة‬ ‫اختبار‬ ‫لعمل‬ ‫الحاجة‬
‫واالبل؟‬ ‫األبقار‬ ‫فى‬ ‫الدم‬

44. Facts and figures
 Although cattle have 11 blood group systems, antibody
cross reactions are rare, so transfusions can safely be
carried out.”

‫نقل‬
‫الدم‬
‫للحيوان‬
‫للمرة‬
‫األولى‬
‫آمن‬
‫فى‬
‫كل‬
‫الحيوانات‬
(
‫أبقار‬
‫أغنام‬
–
‫ابل‬
-
)
‫دون‬
‫الحاجة‬
‫الختبار‬
‫فصلية‬
‫الدم‬
.

‫يمكن‬
‫عند‬
‫الحاجة‬
‫لنقل‬
‫دم‬
‫فى‬
‫اليوم‬
‫التالى‬
‫تغيير‬
‫الحيوان‬
‫المتبرع‬
.

45. ‫فى‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫فصائل‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫ماهى‬
‫المختلفة؟‬ ‫الحيوانات‬

47. ‫الحيوان‬ ‫فى‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫سريان‬ ‫معدل‬ ‫ماهو‬
‫المستقبل؟‬

48. Time need for blood transfusion
 While collecting the bottle was rotated
slowly and vertically ensuring proper
mixing of blood with anticoagulant.
 Transfusion of 5 to 8 litres will take 30 to 45
minutes.
 Blood may be given intraperitoneally

50. ‫وجود‬ ‫عدم‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫فى‬ ‫البديل‬ ‫ماهو‬
‫هو‬ ‫كما‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫فصيلة‬ ‫لمعرفة‬ ‫شرائط‬
‫واالبل؟‬ ‫والخيول‬ ‫األبقار‬ ‫فى‬

51. First transfusions
 First transfusions are usually safe to apply
without a blood cross-match.
 Matching is done by mixing a drop of
donor blood with recipient serum.
 No agglutination Is safe for transfusion.

52. Types of Cross matching
 1. Major cross match:
 The major cross match detects antibodies already present
in recipient plasma that could cause a hemolytic reaction
when donors RBCs are transfused.
 Donor Blood + Recipient Plasma
 Positive Test = (Incompatible)
 Negative Compatible

53. Cross matching
 2. Minor cross match :
 Recipient Blood + Donor Plasma
 Positive Test =Macro or Micro agglutination present
 (Incompatible)
 Negative Test = (compatible)

54. ‫البابيزيا‬ ‫مصاب‬ ‫عجل‬ ‫حالة‬
‫له‬ ‫دم‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫عمل‬ ‫وتم‬
.

55. ‫دم‬ ‫بطفيليات‬ ‫مصاب‬ ‫عجل‬ ‫حالة‬
(
‫بابيزيا‬
)
‫دم‬ ‫صورة‬ ‫عمل‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫دم‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫عمل‬ ‫تم‬
 Peripheral blood smear revealed no
protozoan parasites (Babesia).
 The hematological values were:
 Hb – 3g/dl,
 PCV –11%,
 TEC – 2.49 X 106/μl,
 TLC – 5.03X 103/μl

56. ‫تابع‬
The biochemical values
 TP – 4.8mg/dl,
 AST – 89 IU/dl.
 ‫الحالة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫تقرير‬
 ( There is decrease in Hb, PCV, TEC)
 suggesting severe anemia and decrease in
TLC and platelets is suggestive of bone
marrow suppression.

57. ‫العجل‬ ‫يحتاجها‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫كمية‬ ‫حساب‬
‫المصاب‬

‫وزن‬
‫العجل‬
100
‫كيلو‬
‫جرام‬

‫حساب‬
‫الجرعة‬
‫من‬
10
‫الى‬
20
‫مل‬
‫لكل‬
‫كيلو‬
‫جرام‬
‫من‬
‫وزن‬
‫الحيوان‬
(
‫حسب‬
‫الحالة‬
‫المرضية‬
‫للحيوان‬
)
.

‫الحالة‬
‫تعانى‬
‫من‬
‫فقر‬
‫دم‬
‫شديد‬
‫وتم‬
‫حساب‬
‫الجرعة‬
‫على‬
‫اساس‬
20
‫مل‬
‫لكل‬
‫كيلو‬
‫جرام‬

‫العجل‬
‫يحتاج‬
‫الى‬
:
20
x
100
=
2000
‫مل‬
‫دم‬
(
2
‫ليتر‬
‫دم‬
)

‫يتم‬
‫اعطاء‬
‫ليتر‬
‫فى‬
‫اليوم‬
‫األول‬
‫وليتر‬
‫فى‬
‫اليوم‬
‫الثانى‬

58. ‫ب‬ ‫مصاب‬ ‫قطيع‬ ‫مع‬ ‫تعامله‬ ‫عند‬ ‫أجنبى‬ ‫بيطرى‬ ‫طبيب‬ ‫تعليق‬
‫طفليات‬
‫الدم‬
(
‫ثايلريا‬
)
 Remember you have nothing to lose.
 If a cow needs a transfusion, it needs a transfusion.
 It will die without it (from experience), so it’s worth a try,
even if you don’t always get a positive outcome.

59. ‫تعانى‬ ‫لبكرة‬ ‫دم‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫عملية‬
‫دم‬ ‫فقر‬ ‫من‬

61. ‫التى‬ ‫السلبية‬ ‫اآلثار‬ ‫ماهى‬
‫الدم؟‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫تحدث‬

62. Adverse effects
Usually reactions are rare and mild
• Increase of respiratory rate
• • Sweating
• Tachycardia
• Violent movements
• Severe respiratory distress
• Coma and death

63. ‫عن‬ ‫التصرف‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫كيف‬
‫نقل‬ ‫من‬ ‫حساسية‬ ‫حدوث‬
‫الدم؟‬

64. In case of respiratory distress
Give dexamethasone and or adrenaline
Decreasing the permeability of pulmonary
vessels and maintain vascular integrity and
provides from hypersensitivity/allergic
reactions.
Adrenaline 5 ml (1: 1000, 1mg/ml solution) IM
or cortico’s

65. ‫الدم‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫اضرار‬ ‫ماهى‬
‫؟‬ ‫السباق‬ ‫لهجن‬ ‫المتكرر‬

66. Camel Doping
‫االبل‬ ‫فى‬ ‫المنشطات‬
Dexamethason
Non Steroidal antinflammatory
Diuretics
Blood transfusion

67. Camel Doping
‫االبل‬ ‫فى‬ ‫المنشطات‬
Blood transfusion:
Blood transfusions immediately before races are
a recent form of doping. Camel owners who do
this take 10 liters of blood from one camel and
inject it into another before a race to increase
the oxygen level, a procedure that is very
dangerous.

68. Camel Doping
‫االبل‬ ‫فى‬ ‫المنشطات‬
Imagine filling a plastic bag with water, than
adding more water.
The plastic bag will explode, and the same thing
happens with the heart of the camel,”
Increase in Hg – PCV- iron -RBCs

69. Any Question?