Traditional Rice land races(Oryza sativa L.) in India, Description, Uses,Nutrient contents, Therapeutic values,Organic ways to Enhance crop productivity. Described Rice land races 1) Karuppu kavuni 2)Karunkuruvai arisi 3)Kullakar arisi 4)Kudavaazhai arisi 5)Kattuyanam arisi 6)Mapillai samba 7)Joha 8) Navara Details about organic practices and its impacts.

1. Traditional Ricelandraces (Oryza sativa L.) for
Organic FarmingSystems in India:Current status and
Futureprospects

2. INTRODUCTION
 Rice (Oryza sativa L.), belonging to the family Gramineae, is
a primary source of food for more than half of the world
population.
 It is planted on about one-tenth of the earth’s arable land in
114 countries across the world, occupying a total area of 150
Mha.
 Feeds 56% of world population ( 4 billion people).
 India has the world's largest area growing rice with 44.0 Mha.
 Due to the advent of the Green Revolution, the landraces
have slowly been replaced with HYVs (High Yielding
Varieties).
 It has been reported that 400 traditional varieties have been
slowly replaced by HYVs.

3. KARUPPU KAVUNI
LOCATION Tamil nadu
DURATION 150-170 days
CHARACTER It requires lesser quantity of
water,
Profuse tillering,
No lodging.
GRAIN Long and bold in shape,
grain is black in colour.
USES To increase bone strength and
prevent bone related ailments.
It cures the problem of loss of
appetite in children and also
rectifies nutritional deficiencies.

4. AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (ACS)
SAYS,
ONE SPOONFUL OF BLACK RICE
CONTAINS MORE ANTHOCYANIN
ANTIOXIDANTS THAN A SPOONFUL OF
BLUEBERRIES.

5. 18 amino acids,
Zinc - immunity,
Iron - carrying oxygen
Copper, carotene, anthocyanin and several
important vitamins.
Helps to prevent cancer, diabetes and heart
disease.
Good for your kidney, stomach and liver.
High fibre content

6. Karunkuruvai arisi
LOCATION Tamil nadu
DURATION 120 – 125days
CHARACTER Can survive in soil for even one
year without decay
GRAIN Red colour
USES control Diabetes , Cholesterol
levels and Blood Pressure
regulator,
Increase fertility,
high content of protein, fat
and phosphorous,
Treat Vitiligo and Filariasis,
Anakadi,against cholera,
Has Kayakalpam property,
Increased immunity on
consumption
ANAKADI
1:3 ratio (rice: water) for 6
months, turns to milky.

7. Kullankar Arisi
LOCATION Tamil nadu
DURATION 100 – 110 days
CHARACTER short duration variety,
grown with minimum water,
highly drought resistant,
Highly resistant to pest and disease
GRAIN Red and coarse grains.
USES Has antioxidant properties,
high zinc and iron content,
strengthen, regenerate, and
energize the body, regulate blood
pressure, and prevent skin diseases
and premature aging.
Contains complex carbohydrates
that are good for health.

8. Kudavaazhai Arisi
LOCATION Tamil nadu
DURATION 120-125 days
CHARACTER ear heads - open umbrellas,
short duration variety,
highly suitable for areas like
water logging.
GRAIN Red color and coarse
USES This rice plays an important
role in the health of pregnant
women and aids in easy child
birth.

9. Kattuyanam Arisi
LOCATION Tamil nadu
DURATION 180 days
CHARACTER Grows more than 7 foot tall
and even an elephant can
disappear amidst the crop.
Increasing fertility and
water retention capacity of
the soil.
GRAIN light red and bold
USES controls Diabetes,
 boosts immunity,
 protects against skin
problems. cancer treatment.
anti-oxidant properties have
cure for many heart related
diseases.

10. Mappillai Samba Arisi
LOCATION Tamil nadu
DURATION 155-160 days
CHARACTER withstand flooding
GRAIN Red to grey and coarse
USES Earlier this rice will be
given to the groom before the
marriage to increase his
strength which will help him
to lift the stone (illavata kal)
so the name.
Improve digestion,
Cure mouth ulcers and
diabetic,
Source of Vitamin
B6 and Magnesium

11. JOHA
LOCATION Assam
DURATION 150-180 days
CHARACTER very strong aroma(2 acetyl-1
pyrroline),semi dwarf type, low
resistance to diseases
GRAIN White, fine and short grained
USES Rich in anti-oxidant, proteins,
phenolics, flavonoids, and volatile oils,
more multivitamins than any other
variety of rice.
antiaging, anticarcinogen,
cardiovascular protection and
improvement of endothelial function,
as well as inhibition of angiogenesis
and cell proliferation activities

12. The Use of this aromatic rice dates back to the
Ramayana.
According to the 14th century version of the
Assamese Ramayana, Ravana used Khorika
Joha as one of the delicious meals used to
entice his brother Kumbhakarna to wake up
from the infamous deep slumber. “

13. Navara
LOCATION Kerala
DURATION 60-90 days
CHARACTER Black Glumed - highly resistant to
drought,
Golden Yellow Glumed-
susceptible to drought,
Resistant to pest and diseases, high
content of free amino acids
GRAIN endosperm non waxy and grains
non scented.
Red, short and bold grains
USES Treatment of Psoriasis,
Osteoporosis, Cirrhosis of liver
and Piles, Mouth ulcers,
Snake bite – to reduce the pain
and for healing of the wound,
Easily digestible, diuritic

14. To enhance milk production in lactating mothers:
 Pichha vari and Karthigai samba of Tamil Nadu
 Dudhsar of West Bengal
To cure anaemia in women during and after childbirth:
 Kelas and Bhutmoori of West Bengal
For improving growth in children:
 West Bengal prescribes Parmai-sal
Neurotic disorders: (oridine)
Navara of kerala
For convalescing patients:
Kabiraj-sal rice of bengal

15. There are dozens of such rice landraces with amazing therapeutic properties, known
to folk medicine, awaiting detailed investigation and validation, which will benefit
modern medicine while ensuring community health and nutritional security.
 Recent studies indicate that many traditional rice genotypes are significantly higher than that
of improved cultivars in the content of
 Iron,
 Zinc ,
 Vitamin E (α-tocopherol),
 Vitamin B (riboflavin, thiamin and niacin) &
 β-carotene (provitamin-A).

16. Practices Impacts
1. Soaking of paddy seeds in diluted
cow urine before sowing
Reduce incidence of leaf spot and rice
blast
2. Application of 2-3t/ha of FYM in
nursery
To enhance and increase soil fertility
3. Trimming of field bunds To reduce weed infestation
4. Top portion of seedling is clipped
before transplanting
To prevent the seedlings get uprooted by
strong wind and
also helps to remove stem borer and
hispa eggs ,if present
5. Water is drained in next day of
transplanting
To reduce damping off

17. Practices Impacts
6. Applying 100 kg of pig manure/acre
@10 days after planting
Phosphorus transformation increases in
soil profile
7. More water is maintained in field
during flowering stage
Favours availability of P, Fe& Mn
8. Pala (Alstonia scholaris L) is used as
green manure@100-150 kg/acre
Improves soil structure and water
holding capacity
9. Thirukalli (Euphorbia tirucalli
L),Kattu kottai (Jatropha curcus L)
and Vilari(Dodanaea viscosa L) are
used as green leaf manure @100-150
kg/acre
Favours a clear positive effect on growth
,yield and yield components
10. Green manuring with pookuli
[Calpurnia aurea (Ait.)Benth.]
Low lignin content facilitates the early
decomposition

18. Practices Impacts
11. Glycosmis macrocarpa Wt. is used as
green leaf manure@100-150 kg/acre
To decrease the alkalinity of soils
12. Leaves of Penathalai [Cipadessa
baccifera(Roth).Miq.] are useed as green
manure
It aids as manure to the soil in maintaining
the soil pH, C & N.
13. Melia (Melia azedarach L) is used as
green leaf manure@75-100 kg/acre
Addition of nutrients to soil
14. Gliricidia maculate H.B&K. is used
as green leaf manure@150-200 kg/acre
Improves soil physical properties , allows
the water to infiltrate easily
15. Application of Calotropis gigantae L
as a dry and green leaf manure
-In nursery
-InMainfield
Prevents thrips attack in the nursery.
Controls BPH in mainfield.

19. Practices Impacts
16. Melia azedarach L. kernel
powder(6kg) + 200 lit water, kept
undisturbed over night and spray next
morning
Meliartenin is strong insect anti-
alimentary which controls BPH and GLH
17. A paste of neem leaf is boiled for half
an hour and left overnight ,filtered and
spray next morning
Controls leaf folder in rice
18. Dusting of ash on standing crop of
paddy
Controls sucking pests
19. Neem seed kernal powder is applied
2-3 times after transplanting
To control earhead bug in paddy
20. Treatment of paddy seeds in diluted
bio gas slurry for 12 hours
Increases resistance of seedlings to pests
and diseases

20. Practices Impacts
21. Spraying Notchi (Vitex negundo L)
leaf extract
Prevents from insect vector for Rice
tungro virus
22. Incorporation of Datura leaves in field The smell as well as bitterness of Datura,
distracts the stem borer from approaching
area
23. Neem oil +Water @30ml/lit and
sprayed
Control stem borer in rice
24. Notchi (Vitex negundo L) leaf extract
and butter milk spray
Control leaf folder
25. Adathoda vasica Nees. Leaf extract
and cow dung spray
Control leaf folder

21. Practices Impacts
26. 5kg common salt +15 kg sand is
applied for 1 acre
Controls brown spot disease
27. 5 lit of kerosene + Soap solution and
sprayed for 1ha
Kerosenated soap water suffocates and
kills the larvae of leaf folder and stem
borer
28. Growing or planting Calotropis at 12
feet interval on all sides of paddy fields
Control invasion of hoppers in paddy
field
29. Agave americana L leaf + 2-3 drops
of lime juice (fermented for 4-5 days) is
mixed with water and sprayed
Control sap feeders
30. Fish (3kg) + neem leaf(5kg) or
common salt solution spray
Control all pests in rice(common salt
creates abrasion on skin) and neem helps
to control sucking pests

22. Practices Impacts
31. 30 kg of tamarind seeds are applied
for an acre of paddy field 1 day after
transplanting
To boost up the crop growth and yield.
32. Presoaking of paddy seeds in milk Resistance against 'tungro' virus and
'stunt' virus
33. Seeds are soaked in 'Pudina' leaf
extract (Mentha sativa) for 24 hours
Control of red leaf spot disease
34. Cultivation of sunhemp or daincha Control the nut grass (Cyperus rotundus)
weed.
35. Dragging the branches of country
ber or Aloe sp on the affected field
Control the leaf roller

23. Practices Impacts
36. 'T' shaped bamboo stands - Birds Control larvae and adults of rice pests
37. 100 ml. of leaf extract of "Karuvel"
(Acacia nilotica) +10 kg of cow dung
+ 10 lit. of water and spray
control ear head bug
38. 10 kg. of cow dung ash + 2 kg. of
lime powder +1 kg of powdered tobacco
waste and dusted on morning hours.
To control the ear head bugs
39. Palmyra (Borassus flabellifer) fronds
are tied on to poles and kept on the corners
of rice fields
scare away the birds & save the grains
from damaged.
40. Sweeping rice plants with nets, bags or
baskets coated with sticky materials (such
as Jack fruit latex, castor oil, grease) has
been used
Remove BPH

24. Practices Impacts
41. Turmeric powder mixed with paddy
and stored
Controls rice weevil
42. Notchi leaf extract + neem leaf extract
spray on stored grains
Controls rice weevil
43. Leaves of notchi +neem+pungam
along paddy seeds
Repellent action on storage pests
44. Leaves of Penathalai [Cipadessa
baccifera(Roth).Miq ]are spread over paddy
seeds in storage structure
Repellent action on storage pests
45. 20-30 red chilies are kept in one
quintal of rice bag
Pungent odour of red chilies act as
repellent on storage pest
46. Paddy seeds are stored in floor coated
with cow dung slurry
To avoids insect attacks in grains
47. Vessel filled with water is kept inside
the store room
To attract and kill the rice moth(Corcyra
cephalonica Stn)
48. Pepper powder is used in storage of
paddy
drives away any storage pest.

25. References
• https://www.arccjournals.com/uploads/articles/ar311001.pdf
• https://explorers.zizira.com/joha-rice-special-aromatic-rice-north-east-india/
• https://www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com/articles/joha-rice-an-aromatic-indigenous-rice-
of-assam-india-contains-flavanoids-and-phenolic-substances-and-shows-good-
antioxid.pdf
• http://sadik2crs.blogspot.com/2014/02/rice-of-assam.html
• https://naturebiofoods.organic/2018/07/28/organic-rice-from-easternhimalayan/
• http://www.rkmp.co.in/sites/default/files/ris/rice-state-
wise/Status%20Paper%20on%20Rice%20in%20Assam_0.pdf
• http://farmextensionmanager.com/English/Rice%20technology%20bank/variety%20sele
ctor/Navara.html
• http://www.navara.in/about_navara
• http://www.agricoop.nic.in/foreword.html
• http://www.rkmp.co.in.