Child MORBidity And MORTALITY

2. Morbidity illness sickness or
morbid condition mean deviation
from a state of physical or mental
well being as a result of disease
injury or impairment .The given
population morbidity for a given
time .may be measured in terms of
incidence are in term of prevalance

3.  INCIDENCE RATE:
Total no of new cases of illness during a
defined period
Population exposed to risk in the same
period

4.  PREVALENCE RATE:
Prevalence indicates how
common is an event in a population.
It is used to measure the frequency
of an illness in existing during a
defined period, new and old cases
during the same.

5.  Prevalence rate:
Total no of new cases of disease present in
population at a specified period of time
Number of person at risk of having the disease at
that specified time

6. The morbidity rates are
higher than the mortality rate
for children in each group
.Respiratory illness are the
chief cause of acute illness
among children

7. Reason for morbidity:
Respiratory condition
Perinatal condition
Digestive disorders
Disease of nervous system
 Injury and poisoning

8.  The risk or during on the first day of life is many
thousand times greater than the risk of dying on
any day during the school year .each group among
children is particularly affected by certain factors
of an unfavourable event is more or less
susceptible to certain disease and is exposed to
varying accident hazards

9.  IMR: Infant Mortality Rate : no of infants deaths
under one year of age per 1000 live birth in one
year
no of deaths under 1 year of age
IMR: ×1000
total live birth in the year

10.  In India according to 2017 infant mortality rate 32
deaths per 1000 per births ,compared to the global
average of 12
 Neonatal mortality rates show a similar gap 24 per
1000 live births for india . Compared with the
global average of 18
 The number of infant deaths has come from 8.67
lakh in 2016 to 8.02 lake in 2017

11.  Maternal mortality rate
 Mortality in infancy and childhood
 Perinatal mortality rate
 Neonatal mortality rate
 Post neonatal mortality rate
 Infant mortality rate
 Under 5 mortality rate

12.  Maternal mortality rate(MMR):
 According to WHO maternal death is defined
as the death women while pregnant or within
42 days of termination of pregnancy
,irrespective of the duration and site of
pregnancy from any cause related to or
aggravated by pregnancy or management
.Maternal mortality rate is defined as total
number or female deaths due to complication
of pregnancy

13. Total number of female deaths due to
pregnancy ,child birth or with in 42 days of
delivery in an area in a given year
MMR= ×1000
Total number of live births in the same area and
years

14.  Mortality in infancy and childhood :
mortality rates in infancy and childhood are
good indicators to measure the level of health
and health care of various countries
•Perinatal mortality rate
•Neonatal mortality rate
•Post neonatal mortality rate
•Infant mortality rate
•Under 5 mortality rate

15.  Perinatal mortality rate :
Perinatal mortality includes both late fetal
deaths (deaths after 20th or 28th weeks of gestation
) and early neonatal deaths weighing over 1000
grams at birth expressed as a ratio per 1000 live
birth .it is calculated in

16. Late fetal deaths (28 weeks gestation or more
)+
Early neonatal deaths (first week )in one year
PMR= ×1000
live birth in same year

17. Neonatal mortality rate (NMR):
Neonatal deaths are deaths occurring in neonatal
period that begins at birth and ends at 28 days of birth
Neonatal mortality rate is defined as the total number
of death of babies after birth and within 28 days of birth in
a given year per 1000 live births in that year

18. number of deaths of children under 28
days of age in a given year
NMR= × 1000
Total live births in the same year

19.  Post neonatal mortality rate (PNMR):
post neonatal death are deaths occurring from 28
days of life to under one year .The post neonatal mortality
rates is defined as the total number of death of babies after
28 days of birth and with in one year in a given year per
1000 live birth in that year

20. Number of death of babies under 28 days to one year
of age in a given year
= × 1000
Total live births in same year

21.  Infant mortality rate (IMR):
It is defined as the “ratio of death of infants under
1 year of age in a given year per 1000 live birth in
same year”
Number of deaths of children under 1 year of age
IMR= × 1000
number of live birth in same year

22. FACTORS AFFECTING INFANT
MORTALITY RATE
Biological factors
Birth weight
Age of mother
Birth order
Birth spacing
Multiple births
Family size
High fertility
Economic factors

23.  Cultural and social factors
 Breast feeding
 Religion and caste
 Early marriages
 Sex of the child
 Quality of mothering
 Maternal education
 Quality of health heath care
 Broken families
 Illegitimacy
 Brutal habits and customs
 Indigenous Dai
 Bad environmental sanitation