fishing vessels, types of fishing boats

1. Geronimo R. Rosario

2.  Fishing Vessel- is a boat or ship used to catch
fish in the sea, or on a lake or river.
 Vessel is a catch-all term, like 'watercraft', which
describes any floating object used for the carriage
of people or goods.
 Generally smaller and less complex vessels are
'boats', whilst larger and more complex vessels
are 'ships'.
 As a general rule, you can put a boat on a ship,
but you can't put a ship on a boat.

3.  Number of fishing vessels – 4.72 million in 2012 (FAO)
 Some 3.2 million vessels were considered to operate in
marine waters.
 Globally, 57 percent of fishing vessels were engine-
powered in 2012, but the motorization ratio was much
higher (70 percent) in marine-operating vessels than in the
inland fleet (31 percent).
 In 2012, about 79 percent of the world’s motorized fishing
vessels were less than 12 m length overall (LOA).
 The number of industrialized fishing vessels of 24 m and
larger operating in marine waters was about 64,000.

5.  Boats can be classified according to:
◦ Building Materials (wood, steel, aluminum, etc.)
◦ Size (length or tonnage)
◦ Form of the Hull or Style of Structure (round
bottom, V-bottom, etc.)
◦ Propulsion Methods (sails, outboard motor, etc.)
◦ Type of Construction (diagonal, planking, molded,
etc.)
◦ Type of Fisheries Engaged

6.  Knowledge of your boat's characteristics is crucial in
performing safe boat operations. All crew members must
be able to recognize and correctly apply boat related
terminology. They must also be able to locate any piece
of gear quickly and to operate all equipment efficiently,
even in the dark.
◦ maximum speed
◦ economical cruising speed
◦ maximum range at various speeds
◦ maximum endurance of boat at cruising speed
◦ minimum required crew size
◦ maximum number of people that can be safely carried
◦ maximum load capacity

11.  Aft -pertaining to the stern or toward the stern of a
boat.
 Abaft-toward the stern
 Amidship-in or toward the middle of a boat.
 Anchor- a device that holds the boat fast to the
bottom.
 Antenna -a device for transmitting or receiving radio
waves.
 Astern-towards the back or after-end of the boat.
 Beam-the greatest width of the boat.
 Bitts-a pair of short posts on board used to secure
lines
 Boom-a strong structure used on board the boat for
lifting, transferring or supporting heavy weights

12.  Bow- the front or forward part of the boat.
 Bridge-the structure, topside and usually forward that contains the
boat’s control and visual communication stations.
 Bulwark - a sort of solid wall along the main deck for defense; side of
the boat above the upper deck.
 Cowl-a bell shaped air funnel or scoop projecting above the deck used
for ventilation.
 Deck-a platform in the boat serving as structural element and forming
the floor of its compartments.
 Derrick- a lifting device composed at minimum of one guyed mast,
as in a gin pole, which may be articulated over a load by adjusting
its guys
 Draft-vertical distance between the waterline and the bottom of the hull
(keel), with the thickness of the hull included; in the case of not being
included the draft outline would be obtained.
 Free board -the distance from the waterline to the upper deck level,
measured at the lowest point of sheer where water can enter the boat
or ship

13.  Galley- boat’s kitchen.
 Gallow- a support on the deck of a vessel, generally one of two or
more, consisting of a crosspiece on two uprights, for spars, boats,
etc.
 Gangway -opening in the rail giving access to the boat.
 Gantry- a bridgelike overhead structure with a platform supporting
equipment such as a crane, railroad signals, lights, or cameras
 Gunwale- upper edge of a vessel’s side.
 Hull- body or shell of a boat.
 Keel- central, longitudinal beam from which the frames and hull
plating rise.
 Mast - a long pole rising from the keel or deck of a boat.
 Masthead- the highest part of a boat’s mast

14.  Dinghy- small boat, used as life boat
 Quarter- after-section of deck on either side of the
rudder.
 Portside- left side of a boat.
 Prow- part of the bow above the water line.
 Propeller- used to propel or move the ship
 Rudder- flat steel surface set vertically astern to
guide the boat.
 Smokestalk - a large pipe-like structure extending
above the main deck for expelling smoke and gases
from the engine.
 Stack- chimney (smoke passage)

15.  Starboard- right side of the boat.
 Stem- a vertical structure at the extreme forward end of hull and
supporting the bow planks. For a ship, this is the very front part
of the ship.
 Stern- aftermost section of a boat.
 Superstructure - all structures above the main deck.
 Athwartships- A line or anything else running from side to side.
 Outboard - From the centerline of the boat toward either port or
starboard side.
 Inboard - From either side toward the centerline.
 Going topside- Moving from a lower deck to a weather deck or
upper deck.
 Going below- Moving from an upper deck to a lower deck.
 Going aloft- Going up into the boat's rigging
 Outrigger- is a pole or series of poles that allow boats to trawl
more lines in the water without tangling and simulates a school of
fish

16.  Weather deck-Deck exposed to the elements (weather).
 Wheelhouse- the location of the boat's wheel
 Lifelines - Lifelines or railings, erected around the edge
of weather decks, are all technically called lifelines
although they may have different proper names.
 Winch- is a mechanical device that is used to pull in (wind
up) or let out (wind out) or otherwise adjust the "tension" of
a rope or wire rope (also called "cable" or "wire cable“)
 Windlass- is a machine used on ships that is used to let-
out and heave-up equipment such as for example a ship's
anchor or a fishing trawl
 Windward - In the direction from which the wind is blowing;
toward the wind.
 Leeward - Opposite point from which the wind is blowing;
away from the wind.

20.  Overall length - The overall length of a boat is technically called
the length overall (LOA) and is the distance from the foremost to
the aftermost points on the boat's hull.
 Waterline length- The waterline length of a boat is technically
called the length on water line (LWL). It is the distance between
fore and aft where the surface of the water touches the hull when
a boat is normally loaded.
 Beam and breadth
 Beam and breadth are measures of a boat's width.
 Beam refers to the distance from the outside hull plating on one
side of the boat to the outside hull plating on the other side.
 Breadth refers to the distance between the outside edge of a
frame on one side of the boat to the outside edge of the same
numbered frame on the opposite side.
 Beam is the measurement of the widest part of the hull. Breadth
is the measurement of a frame from its port inside edge to its
starboard inside edge.

21.  The most important elements in deciding the boat’s capacity are its
length, breadth, and depth.
 Length overall (LOA)- is the horizontal distance from the bow end
to stern end.
 Length Between Perpendiculars (LBP). It is measured in feet and
inches from the forward surface of the stem, or main bow
perpendicular member, to the after surface of the sternpost, or main
stern perpendicular member.
 Extreme breadth- is the horizontal distance of the width in the
broadest part of the boat.
 Depth- is the vertical distance from the base line to the freeboard
deck at the midship section.

22.  Draft marks are numbers marked on each side of
the bow and stern of the vessel. Draft marks show
the distance from the bottom of the keel to the
waterline.

23.  The word "ton" comes from the English "tun" meaning cask
or barrel. To the English, it meant a wine barrel with a
capacity of about 252 gallons. When Parliament imposed
duties on the wine entering England in these barrels, the
duty imposed on each tun eventually led to the use of
tunnage in describing a ship's capacity to carry such
barrels. The original use of tun meant a barrel of a
particular size, the space that such a barrel would occupy,
and a ship's capacity to carry a given number of such
barrels. Tun was originally a figure for space--not weight.
By law, Parliament fixed the tun at 252 gallons.
 1 long ton = 2,240 pounds
 1 short ton= 2,000 pounds
 1 metric ton= 1000 kgs = 2,204.6 pounds
 Tonnages normally refer to the long ton of 2,240 pounds.

24.  Light displacement - The weight of the ship excluding cargo,
fuel, ballast, stores, passengers, crew, but with water in boilers to
steaming level.
 Loaded displacement- The weight of the ship including cargo,
passengers, fuel, water, stores, dunnage and such other items
necessary for use on a voyage, which brings the ship down to
her load draft.
 Deadweight - The total lifting capacity of a ship expressed in
tons of 2240 lbs. It is the difference between the displacement
light and the displacement loaded.
 Gross tonnage- The entire internal cubic capacity of the ship
expressed in tons of 100 cubic feet to the ton, except certain
spaces which are exempted, such as: (1) peak and other tanks
for water ballast; (2) spaces above the uppermost continuous
deck, such as: open forecastle, bridge and poop, certain light
and air spaces, domes of skylights, condenser, anchor gear,
steering gear, wheel house, galley and cabins for passengers.

25.  Net tonnage- The tonnage most frequently used for the
calculation of tonnage taxes and the assessment of
charges for wharfage and other port dues. Net tonnage is
obtained by deducting from the gross tonnage, crew and
navigating spaces and an allowance for the space
occupied by the propelling machinery.
 Cargo deadweight- Capacity is determined by deducting
from total deadweight the weight of fuel, water, stores,
dunnage, crew passengers, and other items necessary for
use on a voyage.
 The tonnage of combat ships is expressed in terms of
displacement. The tonnage of cargo ships is typically
measured measured in terms of deadweight [the net cargo
capacity].


26.  Net Tonnage (NT)
 is the amount of weight of a boat displaced after
deduction.

 NT = net volume of space (m3) x 0.353

 net volume of space (m3) is obtained by deducting
from the total volume of space (m3) the volume of
spaces of the crew’s room, anchoring room, chart
room, ballast tanks steering gear room, engine room,
auxiliary engine room, store room and all other
enclosed spaces above the deck.

27.  Gross Tonnage (GT)

 For boats with 24 m and above in length:

 GT = [Volume of enclosed space under upper deck
(m3) + volume of enclosed space above upper deck (m3)] x
0.353

 For boats below 24 m in length (Japanese formula):

 GT = (L x B x D x 0.56)
 2.83
 Where: L = Over all length (m)
 B = Over all breadth (m)
 D = Minimum Depth (m)