Animal physiology

1. DR GAYATRI HANDE
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPT OF ZOOLOGY
SHRI SHIVAJI SCIENCE COLLEGE AMRAVATI
BSC II Paper -3 S-Zoology
LIFE AND DIVERSITY OF CHORDATA AND CONCEPT
OF EVOLUTION

2. CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM OF FROG

5. From the small intestine, the blood gathers
food nutrients and delivers them to every
cell.
The Heart
The heart pumps blood around the body. ...
The right side of the heart. ...
The left side of the heart. ...
Blood vessels. ...
Arteries. ...
Capillaries. ...
Veins.

6. Frogs are amphibians and have a
closed circulatory system. Unless there is an
abnormal mutation present.
The frog heart has 3 chambers: two atria and a
single ventricle.
The right atrium receives deoxygenated
blood from the blood vessels (veins) that drain
the various organs of the body.
The left atrium receives oxygenated
blood from the lungs and skin (which also
serves as a gas exchange organ in most
amphibians).

9. CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
Pump blood through
respiratory system
Blood circulates
hormones of
endocrine system
Direct connection
to lymphatic
system
Blood transports
to nutrients to
muscular system

10. Externally heart looks like a triangular structure.
It is reddish color.
It is 3 chambered besides sinus venosus and
truncus arteriosus.

11. External Structure of Frog’s Heart
Heart of frog is dark red colored conical
muscular organ situated mid-ventrally in the
anterior part of the body cavity in between
two lungs.
The heart is enclosed in two membranes- an
 inner epicardium and
 outer pericardium.

12. What is the pericardium?
The pericardium is a thin sac that
surrounds heart. It protects and
lubricates heart and keeps it in place
within chest.
Problems can occur when the
pericardium becomes enflamed or fills
with fluid. The swelling can damage your
heart and affect its function.

14. The space between these two layers is called
pericardial cavity.
It is filled with pericardial fluid which
performs
Protects the heart from mechanical injury.
Keeps the heart moist
Allows the free movement during beating.
Also keeps in keeping the heart suspended
in its proper position.

17. Its anterior end is broad and
posterior end is somewhat
pointed.
The anterior broader part is
called auricles whereas the
posterior part is called
ventricles.
Auricles are two chambered: left
and right auricles.
 These auricles are demarcated
externally by very faint
longitudinal inter auricular
groove. So it externally appears
one.

18. Ventricle is single
chambered. It is most
important part of the
heart.
It is conical in shape
with thick muscular
walls. It is clearly
separated from auricles
by coronary sulcus.
Heart of frog consists of
two additional
chambers:

19. 1. Sinus venosus- On the
dorsal surface of heart,
two precaval and a
postcaval fused to form
wide chamber called
sinus venosus.
It is thin walled dark
colored triangular structure
which opens into the right
auricle.
It receives impure blood
from all parts of the body
and pours it into right
auricle.

20. 2. Truncus arteriosus
It is a tubular structure arise
from the right side of the
ventricle is called truncus
arteriosus.
It extends forward over the
right auricle and finally
divides into two branches to
form aortic trunks. Aortic
trunk consists of- carotid
arch, systemic arch and
pulmonary arch.

21. Frog's heart where there is no partition to separate
oxygenated and deoxygenated bloods. Human heart is
four chambered with completely separate double
circulation.
Explanation:
Frog's heart has two accessory chambers,
Sinus Venosus for receiving blood from body and
Conus Arteriosus for send in the blood out from heart.
Human heart does not possess such chambers. Blood from
body enters directly in right auricle and blood is pumped
out by two ventricles.
Frog's heart has one ventricle, hence deoxygenated blood
from body mixes with the oxygenated blood coming from
lungs.

26. Functions of the Frog Heart
• Heart - Pumping organ of the circulatory system
(has 3 chambers).
• Anterior Vena Cava - Large vein that carries
blood from the anterior part of the body toward the
heart.
• Posterior Vena Cava - Large vein that carries
blood from the posterior part of the body towards the
heart.
• Sinus Venosus - Sac that receives blood from the
vena cava

27. Functions of the Frog Heart
 Right Atrium - Chamber of the frogs heart
which receives blood from the sinus venosus.
 Left Atrium - The chamber of the heart that
receives blood from the lungs.
 Pulmonary Veins - The blood vessels that
carry blood form the lungs to the left atrium.
 Ventricle - Chamber of a frog’s heart that
pumps blood out of the heart to the lungs and
other parts of the body.
 Truncus Arteriosis - Large artery in a frog that
carries blood away from the ventricle into
branches that lead to all parts of the body.