Heart Anatomy and physiology Flow of blood

1. H E A R T
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Presented by-
Shaikh Sameer Shaikh Farid
Roll no 21

2. Exterior of the Heart…
The heart wall is consist of three layers
of tissue:
PERICARDIUM or EPICARDIUM-
Outermost protective layer…
MYOCARDIUM-
Muscular middle layer…
ENDOCARDIUM-
Inner continuous layer lining the blood
vessels…

3. Interior of the Heart…
• The heart is divided into a right and left side by the septum. The heart has four chambers, two relatively small
upper chambers called atria and two larger lower chambers called ventricles. The walls of the ventricles are
relatively thicker than atrial walls.
• The two atria are separated from each other by a thin, muscular wall called the inter-atrial septum and the
right and left ventricles are by a thick-walled, inter-ventricular septum. The inter-atrial septum and inter-
ventricular septum prevent mixing of deoxygenated blood in the right side of the heart with oxygenated
blood in the left side of the heart.
• The atria and ventricle of the same side are separated by a thick fibrous tissue called the atrioventricular
septum.
• The opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle is guarded by a valve called as the tricuspid
valve, whereas a bicuspid valve guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
• The largest artery is the aorta which arises from the left ventricle supplies blood to all the body parts except
lungs. Pulmonary artery that arises from the right ventricle carries deoxygenated blood to lungs.
• The openings of the right and left ventricles into the pulmonary artery and the aorta respectively are provided
with the semilunar valves.
• The valves allow the blood to flow only in one direction, i.e. from the atria to the ventricles and from the
ventricles to the pulmonary artery or aorta.

4. Interior of the Heart…

5. Flow of Blood through Heart…
1. The blood first enters the right atrium.
2. The blood then flows through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.
3. When the heart beats, the ventricle pushes blood through the pulmonic valve into the pulmonary artery.
4. The pulmonary artery carries blood to the lungs where it “picks up” oxygen.
5. It then leaves the lungs to return to the heart through the pulmonary vein.
6. The blood enters the left atrium.
7. It drops through the mitral valve into the left ventricle.
8. The left ventricle then pumps blood through the aortic valve and into the aorta. The aorta is the artery that
feeds the rest of the body through a system of blood vessels.
9. Blood returns to the heart from the body via two large blood vessels called the superior vena cava and
the inferior vena cava. This blood carries little oxygen, as it is returning from the body where oxygen was
used.
10. The vena cavas pump blood into the right atrium and the cycle begins all over again.

6. Flow of Blood through Heart…

7. Blood supply to the Heart…
 Like all organs, your heart is made of tissue that requires a supply of oxygen and nutrients.
Although its chambers are full of blood, the heart receives no nourishment from this blood.
The heart receives its own supply of blood from a network of arteries, called the coronary
arteries.
 Two major coronary arteries branch off from the aorta near the point where the aorta and
the left ventricle meet:
• Right coronary artery supplies the right atrium and right ventricle with blood. It usually
branches into the posterior descending artery, which supplies the bottom portion of the left
ventricle and back of the septum with blood.
• Left main coronary artery branches into the circumflex artery and the left anterior
descending artery. The circumflex artery supplies blood to the left atrium, side, and back of
the left ventricle, and the left anterior descending artery supplies the front and bottom of
the left ventricle and the front of the septum with blood.

8. Blood supply to the Heart…

9. THANK
YOU…
Presented by-
Shaikh Sameer Shaikh
Farid
Roll no 21 …