2017 PLSC Track: Gravity - Not just a Law: It is the Basis of NGS's New Geopotenial Datum with a 1-Meter Change
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2017 PLSC Track: Gravity - Not just a Law: It is the Basis of NGS's New Geopotenial Datum with a 1-Meter Change
- 1. geodesy.noaa.gov Gravity - Not just a Law: It is the basis of NGS’s new Geopotential Datum With a 1- meter change Pam Fromhertz Rocky Mountain Regional Advisor pamela.fromhertz@noaa.gov GISITR September 21, 2017
- 2. September 21, 2017 GISITR NGS Advisors
- 3. NGS’ Mission To define, maintain and provide access to the National Spatial Reference System (NSRS) to meet our Nation’s economic, social, and environmental needs. ……………………………………………......................... The NSRS is a consistent coordinate system that defines latitude, longitude, height, scale, gravity, orientation, and shoreline throughout the United States. September 21, 2017 GISITR
- 4. Role of Datums and Geodetic Control • Geodetic control provides a common reference system for establishing coordinates for all geographic data. • All NSDI framework data and users' applications data require geodetic control to accurately register spatial data. • The National Spatial Reference System is the fundamental geodetic control for the United States. • A geodetic datum is an abstract coordinate system with a reference surface (such as sea level) that serves to provide known locations to begin surveys and create maps. September 21, 2017 GISITR
- 5. Agenda •Gravity •New Geometric Reference Frames and Geopotential Datums •Changes are coming •Heights defined by gravity •Resources September 21, 2017 GISITR
- 6. September 21, 2017 GISITR Gravity - 1 of 4 fundamental forces in nature Newton Law of universal gravity – “a force which causes any 2 bodies to be attracted to each other, with the force proportional to the product of the masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distances between them”-wikipedia Einstein – more than a force – a curve in the 4th dimension of space and time - HowStuffWorks
- 7. Gravity •At NGS Gravity is the basis of the new geopotential datum September 21, 2017 GISITR
- 8. Geoid Slope Validation Survey (GSVS17) Colorado along Hwy 160 Durango to Walsenburg >1250m (~4100 ft) elevation change 221 new monuments, 221 miles of hwy September 21, 2017 GISITR
- 9. New Datums and Reference Systems Planned for 2022 • Replace NAD83 with a geocentric reference frame • GNSS based • Replace NAVD88 with a gravity based geoid September 21, 2017 GISITR
- 10. •Horizontal •Vertical New Datums Reference Frames Time Dependent Coordinates on a fixed Plate
- 11. TIME NETWORK LOCAL NETWORK SPAN ACCURACY ACCURACY . NAD 27 1927-1986 10 meter s (1 part in 100,000) NAD83(86) 1986-1990 1 meter (1 part in 100,000) NAD83(199x)* 1990-2007 0.1 meter B-order (1 part in 1 million) HARN A-order (1 part in 10 million) NAD83(NSRS2007) 2007 - 2011 0.01 meter 0.01 meter (CORS) NAD83(NSRS2011) 2011 - 2022 0.01 meter 0.01 meter (CORS) National Spatial Reference System(NSRS) Improvements in the Horizontal Datums GISITRSeptember 21, 2017
- 12. Difference between NAD 83 and NAD 27 September 21, 2017 GISITR
- 13. WGS84 • WGS84 (original) - Transit • WGS84 (G730) • WGS84 (G873) • WGS84 (G1150) • WGS84 (G1674) • WGS84 (G1762) Which One?? Approximately 2 meter different from NAD83 (of course which one?) September 21, 2017 GISITR
- 14. NGVD 29 and NAVD 88 September 21, 2017 GISITR
- 15. Why replace NAVD 88 and NAD 83? •ACCESS! • easier to find the sky than a 60-year-old bench mark • GNSS equipment is cheap and fast •ACCURACY! • easier to trust the sky than a 60-year old bench mark • immune to passive mark instability •GLOBAL STANDARDS! • systematic errors of many meters across the US • aligns with GPS, international efforts • aligns with Canada, Mexico September 21, 2017 GISITR
- 16. •Horizontal •Vertical New Datums Reference Frames Time Dependent Coordinates on a fixed Plate
- 17. Replace NAD 83 ~2.24 m NAD 83 origin “2022” origin Earth’s Surface hNAD83 h”2022” Simplified Concept of NAD 83 vs. “2022” φNAD83 – φ”2022” λNAD83 – λ”2022” hNAD83 – h”2022” all vary smoothly by latitude and longitude
- 18. CORS GISITR Primary Access to NGSIDB By CORSSeptember 21, 2017
- 19. CORS in Colorado September 21, 2017 GISITR
- 20. So…what is “Geopotential” •Geo: Earth •Potential: Gravity Potential Energy •Geopotential: Gravity Potential Energy Field that surrounds the Earth. February 8, 2017 2017 Geospatial Summit, Silver Spring MD
- 21. Gravity for the Redefinition of the American Vertical Datum (GRAV-D) https://www.geodesy.noaa.gov/GRAV-D/September 21, 2017 GISITR
- 22. New geometric datum minus NAD 83 (horizontal) September 21, 2017 GISITR
- 23. New geometric datum minus NAD 83 (ellipsoid height) September 21, 2017 GISITR
- 24. New Vertical Datum (Outcome) GISITRSeptember 21, 2017
- 25. Ellipsoid, Geoid, and Orthometric Heights (NAVD88) H H = Orthometric Height (leveling) H = h - N TOPOGRAPHIC SURFACE h = Ellipsoidal Height (GPS) N = Geoid Height (model) h (NAD83) Ellipsoid N Geoid Geoid Height (GEOID12B) Heights – why so important? September 21, 2017 GISITR
- 26. Arapahoe County Control in NGS Database September 21, 2017 GISITR
- 27. NGS Geodetic Control September 21, 2017 GISITR Inverness Hotel– GE – DS-World – Station W 409
- 28. Horizontal = 1.36 m (4.5 ft) Ellipsoid Height = - 0.88 m (-2.9 ft) Computed with HTDP and Inverse Orthometric Height = - 0.67 m (- 2.2 ft) Computed with xGEOID17B Predicated Positional Changes in 2022 Computed for JOG near Inverness Hotel September 21, 2017 GISITR
- 29. NSRS Modernization News Four Terrestrial Reference Frames •North American Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2022 (NATRF2022) •Pacific Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2022 (PATRF2022) •Mariana Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2022 (MATRF2022) •Caribbean Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2022 (CATRF2022) Geopotential Datum for Heights and other Physical Coordinates •North American-Pacific Geopotential Datum of 2022 (NAPGD2022) Geoid Model (time-dependent, provided in three regions) •GEOID2022 September 21, 2017 GISITR
- 30. September 21, 2017 GISITR USSD-NAD27-NAD83(1986, HARN, FBN, 2007, 2011)- 2022
- 33. NGS Resources •YouTube Videos https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/corbin/class_description/NGS_Video_Library.shtml •Training/On Line Learning Tools •Presentation Library •Sign up to get: • Announcements •Training Information (Often Recorded) •Monthly Webinars (Recorded) https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/INFO/subscribe.shtml September 21, 2017 GISITR
- 34. September 21, 2017 GISITR
- 35. Questions? NOAA’s National Geodetic Survey Pam Fromhertz Pamela.fromhertz@noaa.gov 240-988-6363 September 21, 2017 GISITR
Editor's Notes
- Geodesy is the business of the National Geodetic Survey (NGS). NGS develops and maintains the National Spatial Reference System, a national coordinate system that provides the foundation for transportation, navigation, land record systems, mapping and charting efforts, and a multitude of scientific and engineering applications. This system defines position (latitude, longitude, and elevation), distances and directions between points, strength and direction of gravity (no, it is not simply “straight down”), shoreline, and how these change over time.
- Back in the 1600s, Isaac Newton defined gravity as a universal force acting on all matter. According to his theory, the exact expression of gravity came down to mass and distance. The farther apart two particles are and the less massive they are, the less the gravitational force. in the 1900s, a wild-haired physicist by the name of Albert Einstein stepped in the ring and let fly with his general theory of relativity. Einstein argued that gravity was far more than just a force; it was a curve in the fourth dimension of space and time. Given sufficient mass, an object can cause an otherwise straight beam of light to curve. Newton's law of universal gravitation, which describes gravity as a force which causes any two bodies to be attracted to each other, with the force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
- Things are looking up! GNSS technologies simplify and improve access to and accuracy of our spatial reference system. While we can continue to leverage this technology to maintain the old datums, it makes sense to adopt GRAV-D results in an unpolluted form, and align it to modern global standards.
- Pictured: Airborne gravity survey grid and the current status of GRAV-D, with more than 45 percent of the U.S. and its territories covered and GRAV-D airborne data collected. In 2010, began operational collection of airborne gravity data to calculate a geoid model and ultimately a new vertical reference system for accurate height measurements up to 2 cm in the U.S. and territories. Provides highly accurate height measurements to determine where water flows Connects satellite and terrestrial gravity measurements for efficient and accurate gravity monitoring Benefits include $240 Million from improved floodplain mapping alone
- W 409 39 39 04.08012(N) 104 58 24.09935(W) ELLIP HT- 1623.109 xGeoid17B Your input in NAD83 (2011) epoch 2010.00: Latitude Longitude Ellipsoid Height Station 39 39 04.08012 104 58 24.09935 1623.109 W409 Your Result in IGS08 epoch 2022.00: Latitude Longitude Ellipsoid Height 39 39 4.09812 104 58 24.15163 1622.229 Inverse 1.3644
- W 409 39 39 04.08012(N) 104 58 24.09935(W) ELLIP HT- 1623.109 xGeoid17B Your input in NAD83 (2011) epoch 2010.00: Latitude Longitude Ellipsoid Height Station 39 39 04.08012 104 58 24.09935 1623.109 W409 Your Result in IGS08 epoch 2022.00: Latitude Longitude Ellipsoid Height 39 39 4.09812 104 58 24.15163 1622.229 Inverse 1.3644 JOG 39 34 05.17554(N) 104 52 18.24483(W) ADJUSTED KK1696* NAD 83(2011) ELLIP HT- 1779.178 2022 - 39 34 5.19356 104 52 18.29696 1778.294
- Four Terrestrial Reference Frames Replacing the three existing NAD 83 reference frames will be four plate-fixed terrestrial reference frames. The tectonic plate for each frame may be inferred from their names. Geopotential datum A geopotential datum will be created which will contain all of the information necessary to provide mutually consistent orthometric heights, geoid undulations, gravity anomalies, deflections of the vertical and all other geodetic coordinates related to the gravity field. Geoid model Within NAPGD2022, a variety of products will exist. The most prominent will be a time dependent model of the geoid, provided in three regions (the first covering the entirety of North and Central America, Hawaii, Alaska, Greenland and the Caribbean, the second covering American Samoa and the third covering Guam and the Commonwealth of the Mariana Islands).
- COMING SOON TO BETA!!