A. Define risk assessment and underline the methodologies for conducting risk assessment in Tanzania national parks. B. Develop risk assessment policy for tourism industry operating in Tanzania.

1. ENVIRONMENTAL
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
A. Define risk assessment and underline the
methodologies for conducting risk assessment
in Tanzania national parks.
B. Develop risk assessment policy for tourism
industry operating in Tanzania.

2. QUESTION OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Risk assessment
• National Park
• Tourism
OBJECTIVES OF RISK ASSESSMENT
 IMPORTANCES OF RISK ASSESSMENT

3. QUESTION OUTLINE cont…….
MAIN BODY
• Methodologies of Conducting Risk Assessment
In Tanzanian National Parks
• National Tourism Risk Assessment Policy
• Policy Statements For Tourism Industry
CONCLUSION

4. DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Risk assessment is a systematic way of
establishing the contexts in which the agency,
business unit or project operates and
identifying, analyzing, evaluation and treating
the risks which may provide uncertainty
around its stability to achieve its objectives.
(General Manager, tourism Australia 2014, pg
3)

5. Definition of terms cont…..
• National Park is a part in use for conservation
purposes and often it is a reserve of natural,
semi- natural, or developed land that a sovereign
state declares or owns (IUCN 2012 PFG 2)
• Tourism is a travel for recreation, leisure,
religious, family or business purposes, usually for
a limited duration and it is usually or commonly
associated with international travel but may also
refer to travel to another place within the same
country. (World Tourism Organization, 2006 pg 7).

6. OBJECTIVES OF RISK ASSESSMENT
• It aimed at removing hazard or reduce the
level of its risk by adding precaution or control
measures as necessary so as to create a safer
and healthier work place and environment as
a whole
• To bring awareness and information to the
people about the hazards and the like hood
and occurrence of risk
www.ccohs/ca/cshanswer/hsprograms

7. IMPORTANCES OF RISK ASSESSMENT
• Helps to create awareness of hazard and risks
• Helps in identifying who may be at risk such as
employees, public, ecosystems or the
environment.
• Helps to determine if existing control measures
are adequate or if more should be done.
• Prevent injuries when done at the design or
planning stage.
• Prioritize hazards and control measures

8. METHODOLOGIES FOR CONDUCTING
RISK ASSESSMENT IN TANZANIA
NATIONAL PARKS
A; RISK IDENTIFICATION
The aim of the risk identification step is to
identify a comprehensive list of risks based on
events that might create, enhance, prevent,
degrade, accelerate or delay the achievement
of Tanzania National Parks objectives, and to
document these possible risks in a register

9. Methodologies cont……
Most of National Parks risks can be grouped into the
following categories:
i. Strategic risk (e.g. unsuccessful campaign,
ineffective partnership or sponsorship)
ii. Political Risk (e.g. disputes between the Department
and Tourism)
iii. Brand and reputation risk (e.g. negative
international media affecting inbound travel,
ineffectual stakeholder relations, allegation of
employee misconduct)
iv. Legal and regulatory risk (e.g. compliance or legal
breaches)

10. Methodologies cont……
v. Financial risk (e.g. reduced funding, fraud or
misappropriation of assets, currency fluctuation)
vi. Operational risk (e.g. IT equipment breakdown,
ineffectual projects, bankruptcy of/business
disruption to key partner agency)
vii.Work health and safety (WHS) risk (e.g. safety
incidents in the workplace or at events)
viii. Information risk (e.g. incomplete or wrong
research data, loss or misuse of intellectual
property)

11. Methodologies cont……
B; RISK ANALYSIS
Risk analysis involves consideration of the
causes and sources of risk, their positive and
negative consequences, and the likelihood
that those consequences can occur.
• The risk analysis process involves the
assignment of an overall residual risk rating
for each risk documented in the risk register.

12. Methodologies cont……
• For each risk identified within the risk register There are
three levels of control effectiveness to be considered:
 Ineffective; The control design does not meet the control
objective and or the control is not applied or is applied
incorrectly
 Partially effective; The control design meets the control
objective and the control is normally operational but
occasionally is not applied when it should be, or not as
intended
 Effective; The control design meets the control objective
and the control is operating the majority of the time

13. Methodologies cont……
C; RISK EVALUATION
The purpose of risk evaluation is to assist in
making decisions based on the outcomes of
risk analysis, about the risks that need
treatment, and the implementation priority
for these treatments.

14. Methodologies cont……
D; RISK TREATMENT
Risk treatment involves selecting one or more
options for modifying risks and implementing
those options; once implemented, treatments
provide or modify the controls. Generally,
there are a number of options when treating a
risk such as Avoid the risk, Reduce the risk,
Share the risk, and Retain or accept the risk.

15. Methodologies cont……
E; COMMUNICATE AND CONSULT
It is continual activity across all stages of the risk
assessment process to provide, share or obtain
information, and to engage in dialogue with
internal and external stakeholders, For example,
the department of TANAPA, the channels and
influencers, industry participants (sellers and
buyers), local community and Tourism Tanzania's
auditors regarding the assessment of risk.

16. Methodologies cont……
F; MONITOR AND REVIEW
Treatment owners are responsible for regularly
monitoring and reporting the progress of
treatment implementation to relevant
stakeholders, and for directing the risk
champion to document this status in the Legal
and Governance Risk Register.

17. Risk identification
Risk analysis
Risk evaluations
Risk treatment
Co
mm
uni
cat
e
and
Co
nsu
lt
Mo
nito
r
and
Revi
ew
METHODOLOGIES OF CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENT
IN DIAGRAM

18. NATIONAL TOURISM
RISK ASSESSMENT
POLICY

19. RISK/HAZARD
IDENTIFICATI
O
WHO IS
AFFECTED
SEVERITY/
MAGNITUDE
RECOMMENDATION/
MITIGATION/
MEASURES
BY WHO ACTIONS
1. Loss of
Bio-
diversity
-Wild animals
-Wild Bees
-Wild birds
 Moderate -Protect and Conserve areas
with great Bio-diversity
including Forests and
Wetlands.
-TANAPA
-Local Community
-Local Individual
2. Poaching -Wild animals
(rhinos &
Elephants)
-Game
preservers
 High -Fostering Sustainable and
Legal use of Wild life
resources for example
Animals and Vegetations
-Public Education to all
Community
--Fencing of the National
Parks.
-TANAPA
-Local Authority
-NGOs
3.Human
vs Wild
Animals
conflicts
-Wild animals
-Human beings
and their
properties
 Moderate -Mitigate Human versus
Wildlife conflicts wherever
they occur
-TANAPA
-Local Community
-Ministry of Natural
Resources and Tourism
-NGOs
4.Outbreak
of fire
-Natural
vegetations
-Wild animals
-Wild Bees
-Wild birds
 Moderate -Promote and Establishment
of fire extinguisher stations
within the National Parks and
within the Games.
-Provision of Public
Education.
-TANAPA
-Ministry of Natural
Resources and Tourism
-NGOs

20. 5.Vehicles
accidents
-Tourists
-Wild Animals
-Natural eco-
system
( vegetations)
-Tour Guides
 High -Putting in place the
appropriate infrastructures in
national parks.
-Stop the construction of
Highways passing through
National Parks, example In
Mikumi and Serengeti
National Parks.
-TANAPA
-Ministry of
Natural Resources
and Tourism
-Ministry of
Infrastructures
6.Plastic Wastes
Disposals
(Pollutions)
-Natural
vegetations
-Wild animals
-Wild birds
-Aquatic animals
 High -Allocate the dustbins in the
Cars and to the Picnic camps
-Promote Green and Eco-
tourism.
-Provision of Public
Education
-Recycling of Wastes
-TANAPA
-Ministry of
Natural Resources
and Tourism
-NGOs
-Local Community
7.Escapement of
Animals
-Local
Community
-Wild Animals
 High -Protect and Conserve Wild
animals in their Game
reserves, Buffer zones and
Migratory route
-Fencing of the National
Parks.
-Introduction of Detection
system
-TANAPA
-Ministry of
Natural Resources
and Tourism
-NGOs
8.Eruption of
Disease
Eg, Flue
-Wild Animals
Eg. Monkeys
-Tourists
-Tour Guides
 Moderate -Formation of rules and
regulations in entering in
National Parks
-Vaccinations to Animals and
Human beings
-TANAPA
-Ministry of
Natural Resources
and Tourism

21. 9.Bee and
Snake
bites
-Wild Animals
-Tourists
-Tour Guides
 Low -Provision of Education to
Tourists and Tour Guides.
-Supplying of First Aid Kits
in the National Parks
-TANAPA
-Ministry of
Natural
Resources and
Tourism
10.Deforestat
ions
-Natural
vegetations
-Wild animals
-Wild birds
-Community
 High -Introduction of
Environment Conservation
Campaign
-Provision of Public
Education to local people
-Provision of alternative
Source of energy
-TANAPA
-CBOs
-Ministry of
Natural
Resources and
Tourism
-NGOs
11.Climatic
Changes
-Natural
vegetations
-Wild animals
-Wild birds
-Community
 Moderate -Ensure Environmental
Sustainability
-Ensure Environment
conservation
-Introduction of
Afforestation campaign
-TANAPA
-Local Community
-Ministry of
Natural
Resources and
Tourism
-NGOs
12.Disappear
of
Aquatic
Organism
s
-Aquatic
organisms
-Community
-Tourist
 High -Burning of Illegal Fishing
Nets
-Supervision of area where
Fishing takes place
-Public Education to Local
Community especially
Fishermen
-TANAPA
-Local Authority
-Ministry of
Natural
Resources and
Tourism

22. 13.Flood -Community
-Tourist
-Hotels
-Wild animals
 Low -Introduction Flood plain
Management System
-Ensuring emergence
services units, trained and
equipped for flood rescuing.
-TANAPA
-Local Authority
-Ministry of
Natural
Resources and
Tourism
-NGOs
14.Human
Lost in
Parks
-Tourists
-Tour Guides
 High -Securing the system of
communication with all
people within the National
Parks
-TANAPA
-Tour Guides
15.Insecurity
(Political
unrest)
-Community
-Tourist
-Tour Guides
-Wild animals
-Wild birds
 High -Developing national
Legislation to address
security and protection of
Tourists and the whole
system of the Country
-TANAPA
-Local Authority
-Ministry of
Natural
Resources and
Tourism
-NGOs
16.TANAPA
vs Local
Communi
ty
-TANAPA
-Local
Community
 High -Prohibition of and Solving
the Conflicts sustainably by
ensuring the Transparency in
the Income obtained from
Tourism Industry
-Provision of Public
Education to the Local
Community towards
Tourism industry
-TANAPA
-Local Authority
-Ministry of
Natural
Resources and
Tourism
-NGOs

23. EXAMPLES OF RISKS IN NATIONAL
PARKS IN TANZANIA IN PICTURES

24. Poached Elephant (T49) found in
Tarangire National Park in Oct, 2014

25. A Lion poached through Poacher’s
Wire

26. Wild Dogs escaping from Tarangire
National Park

27. Lake Manyara at Flooded stage in
Manyara National Park

28. Illegal Fishing through illegal nets

29. Illegal Fishing through
the use of Dynamites

30. Human vs Animals Conflicts, Giraffe
at the edge of a Village in Tanzania

31. Human vs Animals Conflicts, Elephant
at the edge of a Village in Tanzania

32. Accidents in Highways (Serengeti
National Park)

33. Accidents in Highways (Mikumi
National Parks)

34. Plastic Disposal in Kilimanjaro
National Park

35. Outbreak of Fire in Serengeti National
Park, July 2014

36. TANAPA vs Community members of
Uvinje Village due to Destructions
made by Animals

37. POLICY STATEMENTS FOR TOURISM
INDUSTRY OPERATING IN TANZANIA
1. Providing and maintaining law, order and ensuring the
safety and security of residents and visitor alike.
2. Putting into place mechanisms to ensure adherence to
the environmental protection standards set up as well
as appropriate mechanisms for evaluating and
approving feasibility studies and Environment Impact
Assessments.
3. To develop guidelines and ensure the Environment
Impact Assessment is carried out and strictly adhered
to in all tourism development projects.

38. The policy statements cont….
4. To monitor and review environmental protection
measures in tourism.
5. To ensure that laws and regulations governing
land use along the coast, rivers and lakes are
strictly observed in all tourism development
projects and recreational activities.
6. Providing mechanisms for the quality control of
tourist products and services, providing
consumers’ protection and ensuring health and
safety.

39. The policy statements cont….
7. Educating and sensitizing developers and
investors to identify, understand value, protect
and respect local communities and their
rights, customers and traditions.
8. Regulating and monitoring institutions that
offer hotel, transporting and tourism training.
9. Ensuring the Environment Impact Assessment
is undertaken for each infrastructure
development in tourist areas.

40. The policy statements cont….
10. Upgrading, developing and maintaining a multi-
modal transport system of surface (road, rail),
marine and air transport in rational network of
complementary grids and feeders that is friendly
to the environment.
11. Enhancing the conservation of nature and
creating sustainable environment awareness
among tourist and local population alike and
sensitizing them on the respect nature and
conserve the environment.

41. CONCLUSION
• Generally, carrying out risk assessments, preparing and
implementing a safety statements and keeping up to
date will not prevent hazards themselves but they will
play a crucial part in reducing their likelihood.
Employers, managers and supervisors should all ensure
that national parks practices reflect the risk
assessments and safety statement.
• Behavior, the way in which everyone works from
national level to local level (ministry of natural
resources, TANAPA, tour guiders, local authority as well
as tourists) must reflect the safe working practices.
• Supervisory checks and audits should be carried out to
determine how well the aims of risk assessment are
achieved and corrective actions should also be taken
when required.

42. THANKS FOR YOUR
ATTENTION