movement of people from one country or region to another permanent or semi-permanent basis

1. Describe basic elements of rural-urban
migration.

2. INTRODUCTION
• Migration, refers to the movement of people
from one country or region to another
permanent or semi-permanent basis (Knap,
1986, p, 355)

3. OR
• According to Raw and Show (1997), migration
is the permanence movement of an individual
or group. The term usually describes
movement over some distance at least from
one region to another region.

4. TYPES OF MIGRATION
• According to Morgan & Leong (1992),
migration has divided into two types such as
internal migration and external migration.

5. Internal migration
• is constant movement of population from one
part of a county to another part within a
country. This kind of migration is divided into
two categories that is long term internal
movements and short term-internal
movement. A good example of internal
migration is the movement from East
Germany to West Germany, which causes big
problems for East Germany.

6. External migration (International)
• concern movement of people to a new
country, often with a different language and
different way of life, leaving their homes and
friends for away. A good example of
international (external) migration is the
movement from third-world countries to
Europe or America. This movement can be
permanent or temporary.

7. Rural –Urban migration
• refers to a basic transformation of the nodal
structure of a society in which move from
generally smaller, mainly agricultural
communities to larger, mainly non –
agriculture communities.

8. Rural – urban migration system

9. Rural – urban migration system
• refers as a complex of interacting elements
together with their altitude and relationship.

10. The below diagram shows different
elements of rural – urban
migration system

12. Potential migrant
• In the above diagram identifies first the
potential migrant who is being
encouraged to migrate by stimuli from
the environment which are poor social
services like hospitals, water supply and
schools. Also presence of employment
opportunities in urban area may
stimulate person to migrate.

13. Rural control sub-system
• in rural areas, a true control sub –system
will be family, both nuclear and
extended. In some family enables
members of both sexes to move out
where by in some places family enables
members of one sex to get away easily
than those of the other sex

14. Rural adjustment mechanism
• the decision of migrants to move from rural to
urban sets in making series of adjustment with
regard to the village community the mechanism
for these adjustment should operate in such a
way that the loss of one of the reproductive unit
in the village should lead to an increase of the
productive capacity available to the remain unity,
otherwise such losses from the rural area would
eventual lead to significant drop in agricultural
production, food shortage and famine

15. Urban sub-system
• operates at the opposite end of the migrants
trajectory to encourage or discourage his being
absorbed into the urban environment, basically
the control sub-system here in urban can be city
administration and other employment agencies
operating under national laws and statutes, the
city administration can ensure availability of
cheap and adequate housing where by in terms
of employment agencies act as sub-system
because of providing limited opportunities to the
migrants.

16. Urban adjustment mechanism
• when migrant decide to go in urban areas
there can be adjustment in such a way that
when a such migrant move to town so as to
cover the certain sub opportunity for example
acting as a labour in industries this can lead to
an increase per capital income but if he move
to the city with no job, actually can lead to
different problems such as rise of robbering
and prostitution in the urban area.

17. Migration channels
• once an individual has been successfully
dislodged from the rural area, there have studies
which have tried to explain the pattern of
migration channels through probabilistic models
as soon as a migrant moved from the rural to the
urban area his role in the system is greatly
amplified, that one can easily assume that the
first migrant from a village to a city would soon
start to send back information about his
reception and progress in the city.

18. feedback
• which has been the focus of the field of
cybernetic; this can be explained quite simply
in terms of stimuli-response behavior. As it can
further amplify the deviation (in this case by
stimulating further migration) or it may
counter act the deviation by encouraging a
return to the initial situation, deviation-
amplifying feedbacks are regarded as positive
where by deviation- counteracting feedbacks
as negative.

19. conclusion
• In general the system can be interfered especially
when the migrant lost in the village before
reaching to urban this situation can lead to the
missing of information which cause other
migration system either to use another migration
channel and to reach in another place or some
times the lost of migrant in the village can lead to
cut off of the this migration system because of
lack of information the point to note is that
information is very important in this rural-urban
migration.

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