MUNGBEAN VARIETY TRIAL

MUNGBEAN VARIETY TRIAL
Submitted to the Faculty of the
College of Agriculture, Food, Environment, and Natural Resources
Cavite State University
Indang, Cavite
In partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the subject AGSC 9
Plant Breeding and Techniques
Christian Benedict Anglo
John Lloyd Bayani
Chenlee Federizo
Nelo Pairat
Marco Felix Valdez
December 2018

AGSC 9 LABORATORY
MUNGBEAN VARIETY TRIAL
I. INTRODUCTION
Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is one of the most important pulse crops, grown from the
tropical to sub-tropical areas around the world (Sharma, 2014). In the Philippines, it is known as
"mungo" considered as one of the cheapest sources of plant protein which contains 22-27%. It
is also a good source of minerals such as calcium and sodium (BAR, n.d.). In the second quarter
of 2018, production of mungbean was recorded at 24.18 thousand metric tons and the Ilocos
Region is the highest producer (Philippine Statistic Authority, 2018).
According to USDA (n.d) choice of variety and seed source are just as critical to farm
management as selecting the right implement to work the field or irrigate your crop. Seed choices
influence a grower’s ability to manage weeds, insect pests, and disease pressures, as well as
cope with climate uncertainty. While Organic Seed Alliance (2018) suggested that on-farm
variety trials help the farmers to manage risk and help growers to optimize their operation to
avoid a number of common production pitfalls and gain benefits.
The purpose of this variety trial is to provide measurement by collecting data of the
different varieties of growth performance as provided with minimum management practices.
II. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This study aims to evaluate the yield performance of different mungbean varieties.
Specifically, to:
1. document the growth of mungbean from seed emergence to harvesting in terms of:
a. plant height
b. leaf length
c. leaf width
d. number of pods
e. number of seeds per pod
f. length of pods
g. weight of seeds
2. differentiate the response of different mungbean variety to related literature, and
3. compare the results to other group mungbean variety trial.
III. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Uses of Mungbean.
Mung beans are mainly utilized for human food such as being infant supplements, snacks,
desserts, and viands. It is a basic material in the preparation of an Ilonggo delicacy the
piyaya. Its sprouts in meal dishes are very popular not only in the Philippines but also in Japan,

Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand. It is also a relevant, carminative and antipoisoning agent. (BD,
2017).
Its agronomic characteristics permit it to fit in various cropping systems as an intercrop,
rotation, and relay crop. In addition, its crop residues can be used as fodder. Mungbean, being
leguminous crop fixes nitrogen thereby improving soil fertility and requires comparatively lesser
irrigation than various field crops. Mungbean in a cereal cropping system can increase farm
income, improve soil productivity, save irrigation water and can boost the sustainability of
agriculture (BPI, n.d).
Mungbean varieties
The Institute of Plant Breeding of the University of the Philippines Los Baños saw the
importance of this crop and considered the qualities unique in them. Therefore, they developed
nine varieties of mungbean with commercially and nutritionally desirable characteristics which
include the varieties that will be used in this study: Pag-as 3, Pag-Asa 7, and Pag-Asa 9.(Belen,
n.d.)
Pag-asa 3. This variety is set apart from the other two mung bean varieties such that its
seed color is the shiny yellow one. It can be harvested in the 63rd to 73rd day after its
emergence. It has a seed yield of 1.15 – 1.57 tons/ha that contains 23.58% protein, 57.1%
carbohydrates, and 31.33% starch. This variety can be planted in dry-season or even in wet-
season. Though, can be planted in dry-season, this variety needs to be exposed to sunlight and
should be avoided to be under the shaded condition as shown in the result of the study
conducted by
Pag-asa 7. Another variety produced by the UPLB is the ‘Pag-asa 7' mung bean variety
which early maturity comes in the 62nd to 74th day after emergence. It has glossy green seeds
that are suitable for sprout production and starch which is used in noodle production.
Despite being favorably grown in dry condition for being a dry-season crop, ‘Pag-asa 7'
variety grows more seed in the wet season that during the dry season it can only produce 0.60
ton/ha of seed whereas it can spike up to 1.7 ton/ha during the wet season. Its seed contains
22.05% protein, 58.35% carbohydrates, and 34.7% starch. A study conducted by Torralba, 2000
proves the capability of the Pag-asa 7 variety to be much more profitable when it yields a 2.83
t/ha and had an ROI of 168%. When applied with Carrageenan plant food supplement, an
organic fertilizer extracted from the seaweeds, Pag Asa 7 variety can have to up 494% yield
increase. (Aya, 2016)
Pag-asa 9. This bean has shiny green seeds and medium black pods with tips that are
slightly pointing upwards. it also has a seed yield of 1.3 tons/ha that contains 25.52% protein,
and 37% starch. This variety is moderately resistant to Cercospora leaf spot, tolerant to drought
and a good N-fixer. Hence, making it the ideal variety among the three varieties to be used in
green manuring for soil conditioning. It can fix 69.53% N derived from the air that is equivalent
to 104 kg N/ha.
Cultivation of Mungbean

Soil requirements. Mungbeans do best on fertile, sandy loam soils with good internal
drainage and a pH in the range of 6.3 and 7.2. Mung beans require slightly acidic soil for the
best growth. When planted in a heavily clayed soil, soil growth can be inhibited. They do not
tolerate saline soils and can show sever iron chlorosis symptoms and certain micronutrient
deficiencies on more alkaline soil. (Umata, 2018)
Land Preparation. Prepare the land thoroughly so that mungbean seeds can germinate
uniformly, establish rapidly, and compete well with weeds. For the uplands, prepare the soil
thoroughly by plowing alternated with harrowing at weekly interval. For post-rice culture, zero or
minimum tillage can be practiced (BPI, n.d.).
Planting. Drill the seeds along shallow furrows spaced 60 centimeters apart. Twenty (20)
kilograms of seeds is enough to plant a hectare. If seed inoculant is available, moisten the seeds
with water, then mix the inoculant until all seeds are coated. Keep the newly inoculated seeds
under shade until they are planted (BPI, n.d.).
Water Management. Mungbean is relatively tolerant of drought. However, it needs a
sufficient amount of water during its critical stages of growth and development (germination,
vegetative, flowering and pod filling stages)
Nutrient Management. Mungbean obtains nitrogen through its symbiosis with the N-
fixing bacteria in the roots. Excessive nitrates from applied fertilizer will restrict N fixation.
Weed Control. Weed control is critical when mungbean grows slowly 2-3 weeks after
emergence. To minimize weed growth, prepare the land thoroughly before planting.
Harvesting. Mungbean is harvested by priming. Harvesting is done 60-70 days after
planting. Mature pods turn brown and then black.
Storage. Store mungbean seeds in tight containers or in nylon/jute sack.
Store them in a cool, dry place protected from rodents.
IV. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Preparation of Materials
The main materials used in this study are the following: four varieties of mungbean which
are Organic, Pagasa 9, Pagasa 7, and Pagasa 3 obtained from the subject adviser; Lactic Acid
Bacteria Serum (LABS) and Fish Amino Acid (FAA) was used as biofertilizer acquire from BAE
students; Mykovam as organic soil inoculant bought from Tagaytay-Mendez Crossing; and
plastic waterer.
Land Preparation
Two times plowing by rotavator tractor was done (September 15 and September 22).
Harrowing the plot and leveling the soil bed was on September 22. There are four plots designed

in the area, on which the second plot was used by the researchers. It is measuring 10 x 1 meters
and was divided for the four mungbean varieties. The figure below illustrates the farm layout:
Figure 1. Farm layout of the mungbean variety trial
Sowing of seeds
Seven days after the harrowing and leveling the mungbean seeds were directly sown
(September 29) on the seedbed of assumed clayey-type soil. Only one seed was dropped per
hole and a 25 x 50 cm planting distance was followed. Two bottle caps of Mykovam per hill of
each variety was applied on the mungbean seedlings.
Management of Plants
Watering. The water was stored in the drum, and given to plants using the sprinkler. Two
times watering was done every day, except on rainy days or the soil are still wet.
Weeding. One of the major pest in this research was the weeds competing with the
mungbean variety trials. This was resolved by weeding that was conducted three times (October
14 & 22 and November 17).
Thinning. Done to remove unwanted and weak mungbean seedlings (October 14), and
on the same day, hilling-up was conducted.
Fertilizing. Only organic fertilizer was used to provide external nutrients for the plants.
The fertilizers – FAA (October 23) and LABS (November 17) was applied in the crops by mixing
two bottle caps of the liquids to five liters of water and drenched.
Sampling and Data Recording
1 3 4
ORGANIC
VARIETY
VARIETY 9
VARIETY 7
VARIETY 32 m
2 m
2 m
2 m
.5 m
.5 m
.5 m
10 m
1m
R O A D

Recording. Flowering percentage, pod emergence, plant height, leaf length and width,
application of fertilizer, land preparation, and other management practices were recorded on a
notebook and regularly checked by the research adviser.
Selection of Samples. Random 10 plant materials were labeled per variety having a total
of 40 samples in the whole study. Tagging is done by using yarn and waxed paper attached and
tied to the plant
Measurement. Plant height was measured from the base of the plant up to the highest
stem of the plant. The leaf length and width and pod size are done by simply measuring it using
a ruler (centimeters). For the weight of seeds, 100 seeds from the same variety were counted
and measured on a digital weighing scale and recorded. A number of pods and seeds per pod
were counted from the same selected 10 samples.
Interpretation of Data. The data gathered is interpreted by describing, comparing, and
analyzing. Frequency counts, mean, range percentages rank will also be used to describe the
plant size,
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Measurements for Mungbean plant height and leaf length and width was done on
November 19, 2018 (51 DAP). The figures and tables below are the average recorded data from
10 sampled plants. The blue color represents the data gathered by the group of the researchers,
while orange is the average measurement from the four groups conducted the same mungbean
variety trial.
Plant height. Figure 1, shows that the Organic variety had the highest plant height having
42.29 cm, while Pagasa 6 got the lowest having 32.93 cm. Compared to the result of the average
height of the four groups, the Pagasa 9 got the highest and the same variety had the lowest
which is Pag-asa 7.
Plant Leaf Length. In Figure 2 it can be observed that the longest plant leaf length was
from Organic having a 12.55 cm, while the lowest got by Pag-asa 3 which is 9.37 cm. Compared
to the data of the four group, the highest was got by Pag-asa 9, and the lowest is the same which
is Pag-asa 3.
Plant Leaf Width. Figure 3, shows that Pag-asa 9 has the widest plant leaf length having
11.63 cm and the lowest got by Pagasa 3 that is 8.89. The result was also the same as the four
groups.
Number of Pods per Plant. The number of pods per plant in Figure 4 showed that
Pagasa 9 is still dominating having 23.00 cm, and Pagasa 7 has the lowest yield that is 13.20
cm. The same result was shown on the average of four groups.
Pod length. From Figure 5, Pagasa 7 got the highest pod length which is 9.58 cm, and
7.78 cm for the lowest that was achieved by variety Pagasa 3. The same result was shown on
the average of four groups.
Number of Seeds per Pod. On Figure 6 an 11.89 cm was recorded on Pagasa 9, and
the lowest from organic having 10.73 cm. The result was the same on the average of four groups.

Weight per 100 seeds. Figure 7, contains the weight of 100 seeds of the different variety,
on which both the Pagasa 7 and Organic have the highest amount which is 6 grams. Compared
to the average four groups that Organic had the heaviest.
Bulk Weight. The bulk weight in Figure 8 have shown that Pagasa 9 had the top, having
95 grams and Organic had the lowest which is 59 grams. ON the average of four groups the
Pagasa is still the heaviest, but the Pagasa 3 had the lowest.
Figure 1 Average Plant Height (cm) Figure 2 Average Plant Leaf Length (cm)
Figure 3 Average Plant Width (cm) Figure 4 Number of Pods per Plant
Figure 5 Pod Length (cm) Figure 6 Number of Seeds per Pod

Figure 8 Bulk Weight (gram)
To determine which variety dominated the certain quality, a table having the highest
amount of measurement of the different varieties and average on four group trial were created.
Variety/Qualities Pagasa 9 Pagasa 7 Pagasa 3 Organic
Plant Height O X
Plant Leaf Length O X
Plant Leaf Width X, O
Number of Pods X, O
Pod Length X, O
Number of Seeds X, O
Weight 100 seeds X X, O
Bulk Weight X, O
Table 1.Variety with the Highest Measurements (X-Group 2, and O-average of Four groups)
From the table above it can be said that in terms of plant leaf width, number of pods, pod
length, number of seeds, and bulk weight the Pagasa 9 variety had achieved the highest
measurement the same with the data of the Group 2 and average of four groups. While in terms
of weight per 100 seeds the organic had the largest number. Plant height and plant leaf width
the record in group 2 is on the Organic variety, while in the average of four groups Pagasa 9 had
the highest. According to NSIC(1994) Pagasa 9 have 4.9g per 100 seeds and 45 cm tall. Highly
tolerant to acid soils with a relative yield of 83.40 kg/ha. it also belongs to the top 25% of lines
identified to be good N-fixers with 69.53% Ndfa, it can fix 104 kg/ha N. And also moderately
resistant to Cercospora leaf spots. That is why the obtained data on this experiment shares the
same result. It is high yielding and has good performance and qualitative traits.
Figure 7 Weight per 100 seeds (gram)

CONCLUSION
The study results expressed that among the four mungbean varieties, the performance
of Pagasa 9 was superior having 11.63 cm plant leaf width, 23 pods per plant, 9.58 cm pod
length, 11.89 seeds per pod, and 95 grams bulk weight. While in terms of weight per 100 seeds
Organic variety is the highest having 6 grams. Lastly, in terms of plant height, it is arguable that
Pagasa 9 (39.52cm - 36.73 cm) and Organic (42.29cm – 35.55 cm) had both or one of it had the
tallest height. Mungbean variety trial has taught the researcher on determining the quantitative
traits of different plant varieties in able to know which of them has the desirable characteristics
that will be selected for further breeding. Selecting proper plant varieties with good performance
can help to increase the yield and production of the farm
REFERENCE
BAR (n.d.) Mungbean. Retrieved from https://www.bar.gov.ph/index.php/agfishtech-
home/crops/210-legumes/1312-mungbean
BPI (n.d.) The MUNGBEAN Plant. Retrieved from
bpi.da.gov.ph/bpi/images/Production_guide/pdf/MUNGBEAN.pdf
NSIC(1994). Seed Catalogue. Retrieved from
nseedcouncil.bpinsicpvpo.com.ph/downloadables/catalogue1994-2002.pdf

Appendix A
GROUP 2
PLANT HEIGHT (cm) PLANT HEIGHT (cm)
Organic
Page-
asa 9
Pag-
asa 7
Pag-
asa 3
Organic
Pag-
asa 9
Pag-
asa 7
Pag-
asa 3
38.1 42.418 36.068 45.72 11.684 13.208 10.668 12.7
44.196 37.846 40.64 40.64 9.398 11.938 10.16 11.43
50.038 38.608 33.02 35.56 11.176 11.938 12.954 9.398
42.418 39.37 33.02 27.94 11.176 11.43 13.97 10.16
42.164 38.862 41.91 41.91 11.43 11.43 13.716 10.668
40.132 40.64 38.1 30.48 12.7 12.192 10.668 9.906
30.226 36.322 34.29 41.91 10.922 10.668 10.922 10.414
50.546 41.148 33.02 40.64 10.922 11.176 8.89 11.938
46.99 44.958 36.83 35.56 13.208 11.43 12.192 9.144
38.1 35.052 30.48 42.672 10.668 10.922 10.414 11.938
AVG 42.29 39.52 35.74 38.30 AVG 11.33 11.63 11.46 10.77
LEAF LENGTH (cm)
Organic
Pag-
asa 9
Pag-
asa 7
Pag-
asa 3
12.446 12.446 10.414 11.43
11.176 10.668 9.398 11.176
11.938 10.16 10.668 8.89
11.684 10.16 10.922 7.62
12.954 10.414 10.414 7.62
13.462 10.16 8.128 8.636
13.462 8.89 9.652 9.652
11.43 9.144 7.62 10.668
13.716 9.144 10.922 7.62
13.208 10.414 7.62 10.414
AVG 12.55 10.16 9.58 9.37

APPENDIX B
POD MEASUREMENTS GROUP 2
AVG #Pod AVG #Seeds Avg Length Weight per 100 Seeds
ORGANIC 7.2 10.73 8.38 6
PAGASA9 10.8 11.89 8.52 5
PAGASA7 5.8 11.72 9.58 6
PAGASA3 9.4 11.16 7.784 4
PAG-ASA 3 ORGANIC
AVG #Pod: 9.4
Avg
Length:
7.784 AVG #Pod: 7.2 Avg Length: 8.374666667
AVG
#Seeds:
11.16 AVG #Seeds: 10.73333333
TAG #1 #podds #seeds length(cm) TAG #6 #pods #seeds length(cm)
No of Pods: 1 13 8.9 No of Pods: 1 13 8.8
12 2 8 8.7 9 2 12 8.1
3 12 8.2 3 12 8.4
4 11 8.5 4 9 7.9
5 11 7.4 5 10 8.5
11 8.34 11.2 8.34
TAG #3 TAG #10
9 2 11 7.3 3 2 10 8.8
3 12 7.5 3 11 7.7
4 12 7.7
5 11 7.9
11.8 7.6 9.666666667 8.233333333
TAG #9 TAG #7
8 2 10 6.8 6 2 13 9
3 12 7.7 3 13 9.3
4 12 7.2 4 11 8.2
5 10 7.6 5 11 8.2
11 7.34 11.8 8.64
TAG #8 TAG #2
11 2 9 7.4 6 2 10 8.5
3 11 8.1 3 7 6.8

4 10 7.5 4 9 7.2
5 10 7.5 5 8 7.6
10.6 7.68 9 7.72
TAG #10 TAG #4
No of Pods: 1 11 8 No of Pods: 1 12 9.3
7 2 12 8.1 12 2 11 8.5
3 12 7.9 3 14 9.7
4 10 7.7 4 11 8.4
5 12 8.1 5 12 8.8
11.4 7.96 12 8.94
PAGASA9 PAGASA7
AVG #Pod 10.8
Avg
Length
8.52 AVG #Pod 5.8 Avg Length 9.574
AVG #Seeds 11.89 AVG #Seeds 11.72
TAG #5 #pods #seeds length(cm) TAG #3 #pods #seeds length(cm)
13 2 11 8 3 2 12 9.6
3 12 8.3 3 10 8.6
4 11 8
5 10 7.9
11 8.1 11.66666667 9.833333333
TAG #2 TAG #1
No of Pods: 1 13 9 No of Pods: 1 14 10.5
10 2 12 8.3 8 2 13 10.3
3 11 8.5 3 14 10.7
4 13 8.6 4 12 9.2
5 11 8.3 5 14 10.45
12 8.54 13.4 10.23
TAG #6 TAG #9
12 2 13 8.5 8 2 13 9.4
3 11 8.5 3 11 10.1
4 12 8.6 4 10 8.5
5 13 8.5 5 11 9.3
12.4 8.58 11 9.28
TAG #1 TAG #5
13 2 13 8.7 7 2 13 10.1
3 9 8.5 3 10 9.2
4 15 9.9 4 12 9.7

5 8.6 5 7 9.4
12.25 8.84 10.2 9.46
TAG #8 TAG #10
6 2 13 9.2 3 2 13 9.4
3 13 9 3 13 9.2
4 13 8.5
5 10 8.1
11.8 8.54 12.33333333 9.066666667

APPENDIX 3
AVERAGE MEASUREMENT OF DATA FROM 4 GROUPS
AVG OF FOUR
GROUPS
Plant
Height
(cm)
Leaf
Length
(cm)
Leaf
Width
(cm)
No. of
Pods/Plant
Pod
Length
(cm)
Pod
Width
(cm)
No.
Seeds/Pod
Weight
100
seeds
Bulk
Weight
(g)
Pagasa 9 36.73 10.48 9.19 20.25 8.20 2.62 11.67 6.60 83.00
Pagasa 7 32.93 9.69 9.14 11.08 9.63 2.47 11.45 5.93 60.00
Pagasa 3 35.55 9.83 8.89 13.75 7.82 2.65 11.48 4.83 58.00
Organic 35.55 10.44 9.01 14.40 8.47 3.91 10.74 6.93 62.75
GROUP 1
Plant
Height
(cm)
Leaf
Length
(cm)
Leaf
Width
(cm)
No. of
Pods/Plant
Pod
Length
(cm)
Pod
Width
(cm)
No.
Seeds/Pod
Weight
100
seeds
Bulk
Weight
(g)
Pagasa 9 27.20 12.66 9.76 26.40 7.97 0.46 11.88 5.00 73.00
Pagasa 7 21.50 11.04 9.92 14.80 9.78 0.50 11.36 6.00 41.00
Pagasa 3 34.00 10.64 9.78 14.80 8.06 0.47 13.32 5.00 44.00
Organic 20.58 9.88 8.26 18.00 7.97 0.44 10.44 6.00 43.00
GROUP 2
Plant
Height
(cm)
Leaf
Length
(cm)
Leaf
Width
(cm)
No. of
Pods/Plant
Pod
Length
(cm)
Pod
Width
(cm)
No.
Seeds/Pod
Weight
100
seeds
Bulk
Weight
(g)
Pagasa 9 39.52 10.16 11.63 23.00 8.52 n/a 11.89 5.00 95.00
Pagasa 7 35.74 9.58 11.46 13.20 9.58 n/a 11.72 6.00 78.00
Pagasa 3 38.30 9.37 10.77 14.80 7.78 n/a 11.16 4.00 85.00
Organic 42.29 12.55 11.33 13.80 8.38 n/a 10.73 6.00 59.00
GROUP 3
Plant
Height
(cm)
Leaf
Length
(cm)
Leaf
Width
(cm)
No. of
Pods/Plant
Pod
Length
(cm)
Pod
Width
(cm)
No.
Seeds/Pod
Weight
100
seeds
Bulk
Weight
(g)
Pagasa 9 33.04 7.94 6.10 11.00 7.74 4.78 11.01 4.90 49.00
Pagasa 7 26.28 8.12 5.62 7.00 8.98 4.44 10.29 4.50 49.00
Pagasa 3 25.65 9.12 6.89 15.00 7.79 4.83 10.73 5.90 59.00
Organic 34.66 9.19 7.48 8.00 8.61 7.38 10.84 4.50 48.00
GROUP 4
Plant
Height
(cm)
Leaf
Length
(cm)
Leaf
Width
(cm)
No. of
Pods/Plant
Pod
Length
(cm)
Pod
Width
(cm)
No.
Seeds/Pod
Weight
100
seeds
(g)
Bulk
Weight
(g)
Pagasa 9 47.14 11.17 9.27 20.60 8.55 n/a 11.92 11.50 115.00
Pagasa 7 48.19 10.02 9.57 9.30 10.16 n/a 12.44 7.20 72.00
Pagasa 3 44.25 10.20 8.11 10.40 7.67 n/a 10.72 4.40 44.00
Organic
Mungbean
44.65 10.14 8.97 17.78 8.93 n/a 10.96 11.22 101.00

APPENDIX 5
Figure 1. This shows the land clearing operation using grass cutter.
Figure 2. This shows the land preparation for the mungbean variety trial.

Figure 3. This shows the seed sowing of four varieties (Organic, Pag-asa 9, Pag-asa 7, and
Pag-asa 3) used for mungbean variety trial.
Figure 4. This shows the actual photo of our (group 2) mungbean variety trial.

Figure 5. This shows the emasculation of mungbean.
Figure 6. This shows the pollination of mungbean together with other group of researchers.

Figure 7. This shows the tagging of randomly picked plants per variety of mungbean for variety
trial.
Figure 8. This shows the harvesting of matured pods of mungbean and stored in a separate paper
bag per variety.

Figure 9. Measurement of Pod Size, Number of Seeds and Weight
Figure 10. Harvested Mungbeans with different colors

MUNGBEAN VARIETY TRIAL

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