First of two reproductive whorls of flower present next to corolla is called Androecium. Innermost whorl of flower consisting of carpels is called Gynoecium.

1. Syeda Shafaq

2. Structure
It comprises of stamens. Each
stamen consists of
 The filament – a stalk
 Anther – a bilobed structure
at the top of the filament.
 The connective - The anther
lobes are joined to each
other through a tissue.

3. Structure of Anther
Anther consists of
 Pollen chambers
 Anther lobes
 Microspores
Anther lobes
Pollen chambers
Microspores

4. Number of Stamens
i. Monoandrous: when androecium comprises of
a single stamen
ii. Diandrous: when the androecium consists of
two stamens.
iii. Tri-, Tetra- and Pentandrous: when the
stamens in androecium are three, four or five,
respectively.
iv. Polyandrous: if the number of stamens in an
androecium is many.

5. Length of Stamens
 Didynamous:
 The stamens in androecium four in number,
two long and two short
 Arranged in a single whorl.
 E.g., in Ocimum (niazbo)
 Tetradynamous:
 The stamens in androecium six in number,
four long and two short
 Arranged in two whorls
 E.g., in Brassica (sarson)

7. Adhesion of Stamens
 Epipetalous:
 When the stamens are fused to petals.
 E.g., in Solanum and Ocimum
 Epiphyllous:
 The stamens adhere to perianth leaves
 E.g., in Asphodelus (piazi)
 Gynandrous:
 Stamens are fused with gynoecium.
 E.g., in Calotropis.

8. Adhesion of Stamens
Stamen
Anther
Epipetalous Epiphyllous Gynandrous

9. Cohesion of Filaments and Anther
Unite by filaments. e.g., Hibiscus rosa-
sinensis (china rose), Althaea rosae (gul-e-
khaira) etc,
e.g., Lathyrus (garden pea)
e.g., Citrus (lemon),
Unite by anthers. Ricinus communis
(castor-oil), etc,
Both by filaments and anthers. e.g.,
Heliantus annus (sunflower)
e.g., Cucurbita (gourd)
 Monoadelphous:
 Diadelphous:
 Polyadelphous:
 Syngenesious:
 Synandrous:

10. Cohesion of Filaments and Anther

11. Attachment of Filament to Anther
 Basifixed: Brassica (sarson), Cassia fistula (amaltas), etc
 Adnate: E.g., Ranunculus (buttercup)
 Dorsifixed: e.g., Bauhinia variegate (kachnar)
 Versatile: e.g., in members of Graminae
 Elongated: e.g., in Salvia
 Introse: e.g., in Solanum (mako), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
(china rose).

12. Attachment of Filament to Anther
Elongated
Introse

14. Carpels
It is considered to be a modified leaf. It has
 Ventral Suture:
The two edges of the leaf meet and fuse together. The fused
margin is called ventral suture.
 Dorsal Suture:
The line corresponding the midrib of the leaf is called the
dorsal suture.

15. Structure
Each carpel consists of
 The ovary: a basal swollen
part. It contain ovules.
 The style: a stalk present
at the top of the ovary
 The stigma: tip of style.

16. Number of Carpels
 Monocarpellary or Simple: e.g., in Lathyrus (garden pea)
and Cassia

17.  Polycarpellary or Compound
 Bicarpellary: e.g., Calotropis (free), Brassica (united)
and potato
 Tricarpellary: e.g., Aconitum (free), Euphorbia
(united)and tomato
 Tetracarpellary: e.g., in Datura
 Pentacarpellary: e.g., Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China rose)
 Polycarpellary: e.g., Citrus

18. Cohesion of Carpels
 Apocarpous:
 When the carpels are free from each other
 e.g., Ranunculus.

19.  Syncarpous:
 When the carpels are united, e.g., in Euphorbia.
 In a syncarpous pistil:
a. The ovaries may be united but the styles and stigmas
are free, e.g., in Malva
b. The ovaries and the styles are united, but the stigmas
are free, e.g., in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Helianthus
annus
c. The ovaries free and styles and stigmas are united,
e.g., in Nerium.
d. The ovaries and styles are free, but the stigmas are
united, e.g., in Calotropis.

21. Number of Locules
Ovary may be divided into chambers called locules
 Unilocular:
 Bilocular:
 Trilocular:
 Tetralocular:
 Pentalocular:
 Multilocular:
e.g., in Delphinium ajacis
e.g., in Solanum (mako)
e.g., Asphodelus and tomato
e.g., Ocimum (niazbo)
e.g., Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
e.g., Citrus

22. Bilocular
Trilocular
Pentalocular
Multilocular

24. Types of Style
 Terminal:
 If the style arise from top of the ovary
 As in Brassica
 Lateral:
 If the style arise from side of the ovary,
 e.g., in strawberry
 Gynobasic:
 When the style arises between the lobes of ovary from its base
 E.g., in Salvia, Ocimum
 Petaloid:
 When the style is coloures like petals
 E.g., in Canna

25. Types of Style
Terminal
Brassica
Lateral
Salvia

26. Types of Style
Gynobasic
Strawberry
Petaloid
Canna