High tenacity cellulosic fibres via ionic liquid processing
1. High tenacity cellulosic fibres
via ionic liquid processing
Michael Hummel, Anne Michud, Shirin Asaadi,
Marjaana Tanttu, and Herbert Sixta
FUBIO seminar
Paasitorni
27.8.2013
3. 3
2012
0
2
4
26
28
30
32
Paper
MCC
Nitrocellulose
Film, casings
Ether
Viscose
Amount,t/a
Cotton
Lyocell
Acetate
Global textile market
- Cotton stagnant at 26-28 Mio t/a
- High cotton prices
- 33-37% minimum share of
cellulosics in textiles
- GAP of 15 Mio t/a of cellulosic
fibers in 2030
Growth rates
- Viscose, Lyocell > 9%/a
- Acetate 1.5%/a
- Ethers 3.5%/a
- Others 0-5%/a
Brice, R., High purity cellulose through 2020, in The Cellulose
Gap 2012: Monte Carlo
Haemmerle, F.M., The cellulose gap. Lenzinger Berichte, 2011.
89: p. 12-21
Background
5. Viscose
CS2/NaOH
Carbamate
NaOH/urea in o-
xylene *
BioCelsol
Enzyme/NaOH/ZnO
(urea/thiourea)
BoCell
Superphosphoric acid
Air gap / acetone regen
Michelin
Formate/air
gap/saponified
DuPont
Acetate in
TFA/HCOOH/steamdr
awn/saponified
Fortisan
Acetate/acetone
spun, saponified
Cupro
[Cu(NH3)4](OH)2
LYOCELL
(a) NMMO.MH
(b) Ionic liquids
*CarbaCell®
WATER
Supercritical
conditions
Commercial, now or in former times
Non-commercial
6. Viscose
CS2/NaOH
LYOCELL
(a) NMMO.MH
(b) Ionic liquids
Commercial, now or in former times
Non-commercial
Global production 2012
0.15 Mio t (3 sites)
(2014: 0.22 Mio t, 4 sites)
3.7 Mio t
(Global capacity: 5.0 Mio t)
7. Viscose vs. Lyocell
7
Andrzej Ziabicki, Fundamentals of fiber spinning,
John Wiley & Sons Ltd, (ISBN: 0-471-98220-2).
Viscose Lyocell
NaOH / CS2
wet spinning dry-jet wet spinning
derivatization direct dissolution
wood pulp or IL
8. Viscose process
8
PULP
Caustic Soda Dissolving Lye
Solving Water
Carbon Disulfide
Steeping
Lye
Removal Ageing
Cooling
Xanthogenation
Dissolving
Filtration
Ripening
Baling Press
Cutting
Drying
and
Opening
Aftertreatment
Spinning
Stretching
Deaeration
Shredding
VISCOSE
FIBRES
13. Problems with NMMO
13
redox-active moiety
(instable) cyclic ether
• Limited compatibility with
redox-active substances (for
in-situ modification)
• Stabilizers required to avoid
cellulose degradation and
thermal run away reactions
• High energy demand for
solvent recycling.
14. Ionic liquid (IL)
• …is a salt in its liquid state
• …liquid that consists
exclusively of ions
25 °C
100 °C
conventional salt melt
(> 100 °C)
Ionic Liquid (IL)
(< 100 °C)
Subclass: Room Temperature
Ionic Liquid (RTIL)
(< 25 °C)
29. Current research activities
• Screening of different ionic liquids
• Implementation of different pulps of various
grade
• Fiber modification
– Cross-linking
– Additives
– Polymer blends
• Study of structure formation
29
30. Summary
30
? !
Lyocell process for high
performance textile fibers
Projected increased
demand in cellulosic
fibers
Ionic liquid as powerful solvents for
cellulosic material
Intrinsic problems with
NMMO MH as solvent
system
Production of high tenacity fibers
New ILHU shows superior
spinning properties
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Draw ratio
Titer[dtex]
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Tenacitycond
[cN/tex]
Determine full potential of ILs for
cellulose processing
Further testing of new ILs
32. Acknowledgments
PhD candidates
• Anne Michud
• Lauri K.J. Hauru
Master students
• Mikko Heinämäki
• Joni Saastamoinen
• Benoît Arnoul-Jarriault
• Eeva Hartikainen
• Prof. Ilkka Kilpeläinen
• Dr. Alistair King
• Arno Parviainen
• Prof. Jukka Seppälä
• Dr. Sami Lipponen
• Tapio Saarinen
• Dr. Frank Hermanutz
• Dr. Denis Ingildeev
• Dr. Frank Meister
• Dr. Birgit Kosan
• Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Schuster
32