http://www.fao.org/globalsoilpartnership/en/ This presentation was presented during the Eurasian Soil Partnership workshop that was held on 29 February - 02 March 2016 in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan and it was made by А.F. Chernysh.

1. Soil and land resources of Belarus and the problem ofSoil and land resources of Belarus and the problem of
their rational usetheir rational use
А.А.FF.. ChernyshChernysh,, Deputy Director for Research of the Institute of Soil ScienceDeputy Director for Research of the Institute of Soil Science
and Agricultural Chemistryand Agricultural Chemistry National academy of science of BelarusNational academy of science of Belarus
220108 Minsk, ul. Kazintsa 90220108 Minsk, ul. Kazintsa 90
brissa_erosion@mail.rubrissa_erosion@mail.ru

2. For reference:For reference:
Total land area – 20 760 000 ha
Agricultural land total – 8 726 400 ha (42%)
Including arable – 5 559 700 ha (26.8%)
Meadow total – 3 032 600 ha (14.6%)
of these anthropogenically enhanced – 2 058 200 ha
Drained agricultural land – 2 910 900 ha
Forest land – 8 630 700 ha (41.6%)
Under the trees and shrubs – 664 400 ha
Under water objects – 469 000 ha
Large and small rivers – 20 600
Lakes – 10 200
Population – 9 463 800 people
Urban population – 7 220 900 people
Rural population – 2 242 900 people
Density of population – 46 people per 1 km2
Per inhabitant of 0.56 hectares of arable land
Adding fertilizers:
2011-2015 years – 260 kg/ha of active ingredient NPK
2015 y. – 210 kg/ha of active substance NPK
Organic fertilizers – 10.7 t/ha of arable land
Yields of cereals and grain legumes in 2015 y. – 3.67 t / ha

3. Soil map of the Republic of BelarusSoil map of the Republic of Belarus
Scale 1:600 000

4. Legend forLegend for
soil mapsoil map

5. The distribution of agricultural soils for particle sizeThe distribution of agricultural soils for particle size
distribution (soil texture),%distribution (soil texture),%
19,3
33,0
20,0
3,1
4,1
49,0
3,1
0,9
1,2
1,6
0,2
0,8
0,7
21,8
24,3
2,6
25,7
23,7
9,2
22,1
23,4
26,1
21,7
47,2
9,2
28,8
10,6
18,8
6,1
10,8
13,3
42,2
5,2
36,5
2,8
2,4
4,6
4,2
4,0
6,1
4,8
3,2
3,8
7,7
3,7
9,4
3,6
11,2
15,3
1,0 0,8
2,1
2,6
3,1
2,4
2,4
1,7
0,5
1,1
0,5
3,7
2,0
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
The Republic of Belarus
Mogilev region
Minsk region
Grodno region
Gomel region
Vitebsk region
Brest region
loamy
including underlain before 0,5 m
depth by sands
sandy loamy
including underlain before1 m
depth by loam's and clays
sandy
including underlain before1 m
depth by loam's and clays
peat
including with a layer of peat less
1 m
peat and mineral

6. 8
32
3
15
40
2
33
24
16
6
10
21
36
5
1-3
25
31
37
13
23
26-1
38
30
4
20-1
9 11
22
35
14
7
29
12
39
1-2
27
1-1
19
17
34
18
2820-2
26-2
ЛИДА
БОРИСОВ
СЛОНИМ
ПОЛОЦК
ПИНСК
БАРАНОВИЧИ
МОЗЫРЬ
РЕЧИЦА
ГОРКИ
БЫХОВ
СЕННО
КОБРИН ЛУНИНЕЦ
БЕРЕЗА
КРУГЛОЕ
ВИЛЕЙКА
ГОРОДОК
ПОСТАВЫ
НОВОГРУДОК
КЛИЧЕВ
ЖИТКОВИЧИ
УШАЧИ
КОПЫЛЬ
ОШМЯНЫ
БЕЛЫНИЧИ
КОСТЮКОВИЧИ
МСТИСЛАВЛЬ
ЧАШНИКИ
СТОЛИН
ПРУЖАНЫ
ЧЕЧЕРСК
ВОЛОЖИН
МАРЬИНА ГОРКА
ГАНЦЕВИЧИ
ШАРКОВЩИНА
СВЕТЛОГОРСК
БРАСЛАВ
СВИСЛОЧЬ
ДЗЕРЖИНСК
ОКТЯБРЬСКИЙ
СТАРЫЕ ДОРОГИ
МИНСК МОГИЛЕВ
ГРОДНО
БРЕСТ
ВИТЕБСК
ГОМЕЛЬ
SoilSoil -- EnvironmentalEnvironmental
zoning of Belaruszoning of Belarus
borders of soil-ecological areas and areas
14 number of soil-ecological regions
borders of soil-ecological provinces
I – North (Poozerie)
II - Central (Belarusian Ridge with glacial plains)
III - South (Polesie)
I
III
II

7. Nature and ecological conditions
Province
Belarus whole
Northern Central South
Climatic conditions
Σ t > +10 о
С
Σ precipitations for period with t > +10о
С
Hydrothermal coefficient
2230
360
1,7
2270
350
1,5
2430
330
1,3
2320
350
1,5
Morphometry of relief
Slopes < 3о
, %
Average slope length, м
Slopes 3-5о
, %
Average slope length, м
Slopes > 5о
, %
Average slope length, м
15,3
364
59,4
291
25,3
257
49,0
398
27,7
346
23,3
320
95,1
383
3,3
308
1,6
236
65,4
390
27,6
322
7,0
271
Soils (% of total agricultural land)
Genesis Moraine,
fluvioglacial,
glacial
Loess and
loess-like,
fluvioglacial
Fluvioglacial,
old-alluvial,
organogenic
Clay and loam
Loamy sand
Sand
Peat
Eroded
54,2
37,2
6,9
1,7
11,2
30,1
55,1
11,3
3,5
7,7
2,7
39,5
47,4
10,4
4,5
25,9
48,4
20,3
5,4
9,4
Melioration land state
Waterlogged, %
Stony, %
Contour, ha
55,1
49,1
5,4
33,5
38,8
16,4
64,3
7,1
15,9
42,4
26,6
11,6
Characteristics of soil-erosion provinces in BelarusCharacteristics of soil-erosion provinces in Belarus

8. Types and subtypes of Degradation of managed soil of BelarusTypes and subtypes of Degradation of managed soil of Belarus
SubtypeofdegradationSubtypeofdegradation
Type of degradationType of degradation
I. degradation of
soil profile
II. physical III. chemical IV. biological
V. biosphere -
environmental
1. erosive, planar
(low-, medium-,
strongly and very
strongly)
1. destructuring,
disaggregation
1. the mineralization of
the organic matter of
peat
1. defoliation 1. differences within
the field
2. erosive, gullies
development
2. compaction 2. humic degradation 2. decreasing of
mesofauna activity
2. spatial
3. chaotization of
soil cover
3. degradation
because of a critical
lack of moisture (тут
неправильно
наверное)
3. reduction in soil basic
elements of plant
nutrition
3. microbiological
and biochemical
3. reduction or
complete loss of the
biosphere and
ecological functions of
the soil
4. deflationary 4. agrotechnical 4. calcium degradation,
soil acidification
4. phytotoxic 4. reduction or loss of
the productive capacity
of soils
5. deluvial deposits 5. violation of soil air
regime
5 microelement
deficiency
6. violation of the
thermal regime
6. microelements
redundancy and
chemical pollution,
salinization
7. radionuclide
contamination

9. Map of soil erosion ofMap of soil erosion of
the Republic of Belarusthe Republic of Belarus
The extent of
erosion and
deflation of soils
cover
Percent deflated and
eroded soils ,% Of
agricultural land
Water
erosion
Wind erosion
(deflation)
low 1,0-5,0
medium 5,1-10,0
strongly 10,1-20,0
very strongly >20,0
Areas mostly devoid of
erosion and deflation of soil
(soil erosion is absent or
<1.0%).
Forests and other
wooded land и

10. Mean annual loss of soil humus and nutrientsMean annual loss of soil humus and nutrients of plants by theof plants by the
water-erosion processeswater-erosion processes
Crops
Raw crops
(taking into
account
winter
tillage)
Spring grain
crops
(taking into
account winter
tillage)
Winter grain
crops
(taking into
account winter
tillage)
Perennial
grasses
Total
losses
humus 240,0 106,8 34,2 6,1
N 13,2 7,7 1,9 0,3
P2
O5
5,9 3,6 0,9 0,3
K2
O 5,4 2,9 1,3 1,1
photo of erosion in 2013 (3rd decade of April)

11. 6,5
9,8
7,1
12,7
9,2
13,6
0
7
14
137-Cscontainnationdensity,Ku/km2
<5,0 5,1-10,0 >10
soil losing, t/ha
washout zone accumulation zone
The impact of water erosion on the horizontal transfer of Cs-137The impact of water erosion on the horizontal transfer of Cs-137

12. The number of dust storms and their average duration for soil-The number of dust storms and their average duration for soil-
erosion zones anderosion zones and Belarus in generalBelarus in general
Deflationary material:
The content of organic matter - 65.3%.
The content of mobile forms of elements of plant nutrition:
phosphorus 1200-1300 mg / kg soil,
potassium - 430 mg / kg of soil
350
105
232
13
0
100
200
300
400
Total Belarusian Poozerie Belarusian Ridge Belarusian Polesie
0
1
2
3
the number of storms storm duration , hours

13. The impact of wind erosion on the horizontal transfer of Cs-137The impact of wind erosion on the horizontal transfer of Cs-137
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
137Cscontentinsoil,Bk/kg
Distance to places of accumulation
of deflation material, m
Soil contamination density 185-555 kBk/km2 Soil contamination density >555 kBk/km2

14. Dust storm (April 2015 Luninets area)Dust storm (April 2015 Luninets area)
deflationary material

15. #
#
#
#
#
# #
##
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Лида
Орша
МИНСК
Слуцк
Пинск
Брест
Лепель
Жлобин
Гомель
Мозырь
Гродно
Витебск
Вилейка
МогилевБерезино
Бобруйск
Ивацевичи
Шарковщина
Новогрудок
Костюковичи
Верхнедвинск
Вероятность проявления пыльных бурь
менее 20
21 - 25
26 - 30
31 - 35
36 - 40
более 40
Territory zoning according to the probability ofTerritory zoning according to the probability of
extreme deflationextreme deflation
Extremely weak
poor
average or moderate
Increased
high
Very high
probability of dust storms

16. System of adaptive land management at different levels ofSystem of adaptive land management at different levels of
territorial organizationterritorial organization
Soil-ecological province
Zonal provincial complex (a set of adaptive-
landscape systems of agriculture)
Soil-ecological area
system of adaptive-landscape agriculture (possible
intensity of agricultural usage , the structure of
agricultural land, agricultural production
specialization)
Organization of the territory, creation of water
protection zones, the structure of sown areas
Type of land on the possible intensity of
agricultural use
Field, work area Agrotechnology
Agriculture technology group lands
Differential crop rotations,
agrotechnology

17. Work on the evaluation of land in BelarusWork on the evaluation of land in Belarus
Qualitative assessment (bonitation) agricultural land
Round I - 1964-1969 years
Round II - 1974-1976 years
Round III - 1984-1986 years
On-farm cadastral valuation of land
Round I – 1998-2000 years.
Round II – 2011-2015 years

18. It comprises:
a) assessment of soil fertility:
- The original score of the soil on a scale
- Points based on the factors affecting the productive capacity of soils
b) assessment of technological properties of land
c) location estimation
g) generalizing (synthesizing) rating:
- Normative net income and differential
- The aggregate (total score) cadastral valuation of land
- Normative price of land
On-farm cadastral valuationOn-farm cadastral valuation

19. The estimated range of soils under different cropsThe estimated range of soils under different crops
(part)(part)

20. The system of correction coefficients for bonitet scoresThe system of correction coefficients for bonitet scores
correction factors on soil erosion
correction factors on stony ground
correction factors on cultivated soils
correction factors on small outlines of arable land
correction factors on the state of drained land reclamation
correction factors for heterogeneity of soil cover
correction factors that take into account the genesis parent rocks
Correction factors to bonitet score differentiated by crop

21. Symbols
(color)
Evaluation of
arable land
(Scores)
Number of
regions
38,0 and
more
4
34,0-37,9 21
30,0-33,9 46
26,0-29,9 34
22,0-25,9 12
less 22,0 1
27.3 - Scores of arable land
25.3 - Scores of agricultural land
Evaluation of fertility of agricultural lands of the Republic ofEvaluation of fertility of agricultural lands of the Republic of
BelarusBelarus according to regionsaccording to regions
Average arable land score in the republic - 31.2
agricultural land - 28.9

22. Symbols (color)
% of suitable soils from arable land
Suitability of soil of the Republic of Belarus for cultivation ofSuitability of soil of the Republic of Belarus for cultivation of
winter wheatwinter wheat

23. Thank you for attention!!!Thank you for attention!!!