Vaccines and vaccination programs of equines in Egypt

1. Vaccines and vaccination
programs of equines
under Egyptian field
conditions

2. General guideline
The vaccination program for equines, including horses, typically varies based on factors such as geographical location,
local disease prevalence, and individual horse management practices. While I can provide a general outline of a typical
vaccination program for horses,
• West Nile Virus: In areas where West Nile Virus is prevalent, vaccination is recommended to protect horses from
mosquito-borne infections. The initial vaccination typically requires two doses given 3 to 6 weeks apart, followed by
annual boosters
• Equine Influenza (Flu) and Equine Herpesvirus (Rhinopneumonitis): These respiratory diseases are highly
contagious among horses. Vaccination is typically recommended, especially for horses that travel or come into
contact with other horses. Initial vaccination often involves two doses given 4 to 6 weeks apart, followed by booster
shots every 6 to 12 months.
• Tetanus: Tetanus vaccination is considered essential for all horses. It usually involves an initial series of two
vaccinations given 4 to 6 weeks apart, followed by a booster shot every 1 to 3 years, depending on the specific
vaccine used.
• Rabies: Rabies vaccination is important to protect horses from this deadly viral disease. It is generally administered
annually or according to local regulations.

3. it's important to consult with a veterinarian in Egypt who can tailor the program to the specific needs of your horses and the
prevailing disease risks in your area.
Here's a common local vaccination schedule:
• WNF Vaccines
• Equine influenza vaccine
• Equine Herpesvirus Vaccine
• Rabies vaccine
• Tetanus Toxoid

4. West Nile fever
West Nile fever is a viral disease that can affect horses.
The effects of WNV infection in horses can range from
mild to potentially fatal inflammation of the brain. Although
most horses recover from WNV infection, some
experience long-term effects. The best way to protect
horses from WNV infection is by including a WNV vaccine
as an annual core vaccine12. Geriatric horses (>15 years
of age) have been demonstrated to have enhanced
susceptibility to WNV disease. Therefore, more frequent
vaccination may be recommended to meet the
vaccination needs of these horses3

5. WNF Vaccines
There are several vaccines
available for West Nile virus. Some
of the vaccines include West Nile-
Innovator, West Nile Innovator
VEWT, Prestige WNV, and Fluvac
Innovator
The vaccines are produced by
different companies West Nile-
Innovator is produced by
Zoetis1West Nile Innovator VEWT
is also produced by Zoetis2Prestige
WNV is produced by Merck2Fluvac
Innovator is produced by Fort
Dodge2.
Note: not used in Egypt for
now
The initial vaccination typically requires two doses
given 3 to 6 weeks apart, followed by annual
boosters

6. Equine Influenza
Equine influenza is a highly contagious respiratory disease
caused by two subtypes of the influenza virus, H3N8 and
H7N7. Vaccination against equine influenza is crucial,
especially for horses involved in racing, showing, or
traveling, as they are at a higher risk of exposure. The
equine influenza vaccine is typically administered annually,
although more frequent boosters may be recommended in
high-risk areas or during outbreaks. In Egypt, the specific
vaccine and vaccination schedule may vary depending on
the veterinarian's recommendation and the prevailing strain
of equine influenza.

7. Equine influenza vaccine
• Bivalent inactivated vaccine
• Protect horses against equine influenza virus
• Cervac vaccine is the vaccine that used in Egypt
• Made at Abbasiya Institute for Serum and Vaccines – Egypt
• Its usually given as an initial series of two vaccinations, followed by annual
boosters.
• Dosage : one vial/3ml/dose/horse - I/M
Two doses at one months Interval
• Revaccination doses Should begiven every 6-8 Month

8. Equine Herpesvirus Vaccine: Equine herpesviruses
(EHV) can cause respiratory infections, abortion, and
neurological disease in horses. The two most common
types are EHV-1 and EHV-4. Vaccination against EHV
may include specific vaccines for EHV-1 and EHV-4 or
combination vaccines that provide protection against both
types.
The vaccination schedule for equine herpesvirus can vary
depending on the specific vaccine used and the horse's
individual risk factors. Consultation with a veterinarian is
essential to determine the appropriate vaccination
program.
Equine Herpesvirus Vaccine:

9. Vaccination program
1-Inactivated Equine herpes virus – ( Cervac ‫)العباسية‬
• Protect equine against (EHV-1EHV-4)
• It is a liquid vaccine injected directly to healthy horses not diseased
• Dosage: 2ml I/M -two doses at One month interval
Revaccination : every 6 Months
2- killed equine herpesvirus vaccine
Protect equine against EHV-1 and EHV-4
Preservation : In 4:8 In refrigerator not in freezer
• Dose:
1st injection from 3-5 months of age.
2nd injection 4–6 weeks later -boosters every 6 months.
Pregnant mare: vaccinate mare in 5th, 7th and 9th months of pregnancy
Humoral immunity persist for only 2-4 m.
• Preotection deponds on cell mediated immunity .
Inactivated Equine herpes
virus – Cervac
PNEUMABORT K
Zoetis

10. Rabies
Rabies is a significant concern for
equines in Egypt, as it is in many parts of
the world. it's important to note that Egypt
has reported cases of rabies in various
animal species, including equines, in the
past. The specific prevalence of rabies in
equines may vary by region and over time

11. Rabies vaccine
Protect horses against rabies virus.
Made at Abbasiya Institute for Serum and Vaccines – Egypt
It is a liquid vaccine injected directly to healthy horses not diseased
Dose : 4ml SC or IM - administered annually
Rabies vaccine- Cervac

12. Tetanus is caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani,
which is commonly found in soil and manure.
To prevent tetanus in horses, vaccination is crucial. The
tetanus vaccine is routinely recommended for equines
worldwide, including in Egypt. The vaccine stimulates the
horse's immune system to produce protective antibodies
against the tetanus toxin.
Tetanus

13. Tetanus Toxoid vaccine
Indication : for vaccination of healthy horses as aid in the prevention of tetanus
• Tetanus toxoid is for the vaccination of healthy Horses as an aid in the prevention of tetanus.
Tetanus Toxoid - Zoetis
• It is manufactured by Zoetis Vial contain 12ml for 12 dose
• Dose:1mlIM - (in General )
Foal vaccine : 1st dose at 4-6 month of age -2nd dose at 4-6 weaks
after the 1st dose .
mare non vaccinated at 3 m.
pregnant mare : 4-6 weeks before foaling

14. Thanks

15. Faculty of veterinary medicine -
Sohag university
Dr Esmail Adel
Veterinarian
Faculty of vet med.
Sohag university - Egypt
Author :
Contacts : +20 1017808730
esmailadel39@gmail.com
Post
Homiat / Sohag Center St. 82515
All right saved for the author and department of animal medicine – faculty of
veterinary medicine Sohag university