Ppt

2. What is Vaccination?
is the administration of a vaccine to help the immune system develop
protection from a disease.
A short info of vaccination
 Edward Jenner is considered the founder of vaccinology
in the West in 1796
 he inoculated a 13 year-old-boy with vaccinia virus
(cowpox), and demonstrated immunity to smallpox
Vaccines contain a microorganism or virus in a weakened, live or killed
state, or proteins or toxins from the organism.

3. How does vaccine works?
 vaccine works by training the immune system to
recognize and combat pathogens, either viruses or
bacteria.

4. Factors to consider before vaccination
Animal factors Environmental factors Factors associated with
pathogen
• Immune status
• Maternal protection
(colostrum)
• Age
• Concurrent infection
• Vaccination
• Nutritional status
• Temperature
• Air quality
• Feed/water access
• Density
• Seasonal influence
• Transport
• Exposure level
• Virulence
• Survival outside host
• Transmission
• Wrong Serotype
• Potency and Purity
• Outdated Vaccine

5. How to manage the animals before and
after vaccination.
 Provide your pet with a comfortable place to stay
and rest.
 Provide them some food and water to feel better.
 Make sure that they are clean before and after.
 Avoid distracting them so they can rest properly
 Give them more attention/affection.

6. Vaccinations Guidelines Group in Canine
Core vaccines are considered vital to all pets based on risk
of exposure, severity of disease or transmissibility to
humans.
 canine parvovirus, distemper, canine hepatitis and
rabies
Non-core vaccines are given depending on the dog's
exposure risk.
 Parainfluenza virus (PI)Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb)
 Leptospira interrogans

7. Dog Vaccine
Initial
Puppy
Vaccination
(at or under
16 weeks)
Initial Adult
Dog
Vaccination
(over 16
weeks)
Booster
Recommendati
on Comments
Distemper At least 3
doses, given
between 6
and 16
weeks of
age
2 doses, given
3-4 weeks
apart
Puppies need a
booster 1 year
after completing
their initial
series, then all
dogs need a
booster every 3
years or more
often.
Core dog
vaccine. Cause
d by an airborne
virus, distemper
is a severe
disease that,
among other
problems, may
cause
permanent
brain damage.

9. Parvovirus At least 3 doses,
given between 6
and 16 weeks of
age
2 doses, 3-4
weeks apart
Puppies need a
booster 1 year
after completing
the initial series,
then all dogs
need a booster
every 3 years or
more often.
Core dog
vaccine. Canine
"parvo" is
contagious, and
can cause severe
vomiting and
bloody diarrhea.
Parvo is usually
fatal if untreated.
Dog Vaccine
Initial Puppy
Vaccination
(at or under
16 weeks)
Initial Adult
Dog
Vaccination
(over 16
weeks)
Booster
Recommendation
Comments

11. Dog Vaccine
Initial Puppy
Vaccination (at or
under 16 weeks)
Initial Adult Dog
Vaccination (over 16
weeks)
Booster
Recommendation
Comments
Rabies 1-year Can be
administered in
one dose, as early
as 3 months of
age. States
regulate the age at
which it is first
administered.
Single dose Annual boosters are
required.
Core dog
vaccine. Rabies is 100%
fatal to dogs, with no
treatment available.
Prevention is key.
Rabies 3-year Can be
administered as one
dose, as early as 3
months of age.
States regulate the
age at which it is
first administered.
Single dose A second
vaccination is
recommended after
1 year, then
boosters every 3
years.
Core dog vaccine.

13. Adenovirus, ty
pe 1 (CAV-1,
canine
hepatitis)
Depends on
vaccine. For
instance, the
intranasal one
just has to be
boostered once
a year
depnds on
vaccine
Puppies need a
booster 1 year
after
completing the
initial series,
then all dogs
need a booster
every 3 years
or more often.
Core dog
vaccine. Sprea
d via infected
saliva, urine
and feces;
canine hepatitis
can lead to
severe liver
damage, and
death.
Dog Vaccine
Initial Puppy
Vaccination (at or
under 16 weeks)
Initial Adult Dog
Vaccination (over 16
weeks)
Booster
Recommendation
Comments

15. Parainfluenza Administered at 6-8 weeks of
age, then every 3-4 weeks until
12-14 weeks old
1 dose A booster may be
necessary after 1 year,
depending on
manufacturer
recommendations;
revaccination every 3
years is considered
protective.
Non-core dog
vaccine. Parainfluenza infection
(not the same as canine influenza)
results in cough, fever. It may be
associated with Bordetella
infection.
Bordetella
bronchiseptica
(kennel cough)
Depends on the vaccine type;
one dose is usually needed for
protection
1 dose of the
intranasal or oral
product, or 2 doses
of the injected
product
Annual or 6-month
boosters may be
recommended for dogs in
high-risk environments.
Non-core dog vaccine. Not usually
a serious condition, although it can
be dangerous in young puppies. It
is usually seen after activities like
boarding or showing.
Leptospirosis First dose as early as 8 weeks,
with a second dose 2-4 weeks
later
2 doses, 2-4 weeks
apart
At least once yearly for
dogs in high-risk areas
Non-core dog vaccine. Vaccination
is generally restricted to
established risk areas. Exposure
to rodents and standing water can
lead to a leptospirosis infection.
Dog Vaccine
Initial Puppy Vaccination
(at or under 16 weeks)
Initial Adult Dog
Vaccination
(over 16 weeks)
Booster
Recommendation
Comments

17. Disease Causative
agent
Vaccine
type
1st
dose
2nd
dose
Subsequen
t dose
Remarks
Feline
Panleukopenia Panleukopenia
virus
Inactivated
(SC/IM)
6-
8wk
12-
14wk
Annual
Rabies Inactivated 8-
10wk
12-
14wk
Annual
Swine
Hog Cholera Pestivirus Modefied
live
1-
2mo.
3-4mo. Annual
Poultry
New Castle
Disease
Paramyxovirus Live mild, in
oil
emulsion
1-2
week
3-5
week
Booster
shot
during egg
production
Cattle
Anthrax B. Anracis Spore live
vaccine
4-
6mo
Annual

19. Hog cholera vaccine

20. NCD Vaccine

21. Anthrax in Cattle

22. Precautionary measures
 Prevention is always preferable to treatment
 On- farm Biosecurity
 ensure adequate hygiene at their place of business;
 be alert to symptoms of disease;
 report (suspected) animal diseases
 comply with requirements when importing animals from
other places
 vaccinate animals if possible and necessary.

23. Factors that leads to vaccination failure
 Poor immune response in weak and improperly fed animals.
 Lack of herd immunity due to only a few animals being
vaccinated.
 Poor quality of vaccine
 Low of efficiency and ineffective vaccine
 Improper administration
Dosage
Needle hygiene

24.  Improper storage
 •Temperature
 • Ultraviolet light
 • Use after expiration
 • Attenuated vaccines need to be used soon after mixing
 • Insufficient time between vaccination and exposure
 Improper mixing of vaccines
 Improper timing

25. CLINICAL CASE:
Occurrence of Rabies in the locality of
Umingan.
What is Rabies?
 It is a preventable viral disease most often transmitted
through the bite of a rabid animal. The rabies virus infects
the central nervous system of mammals, ultimately
causing disease in the brain and death. The vast majority
of rabies cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention (CDC) each year occur in wild animals like
bats, raccoons, skunks, and foxes, although any mammal
can get rabies.

26. At what age a dog should be vaccinated
with Rabies vaccine?
 All dogs should be vaccinated for rabies at
approximately 14 weeks of age, and then again at
one year of age or depending upon the local
jurisdiction.

27. How to tell if the dog has rabies?
the only way to know for sure if an animal (or a person) has rabies is to
perform laboratory testing. However, animals with rabies may act strangely. Some may
be aggressive and try to bite you or other animals, or they may drool more than
normal.
extreme behavioral changes such as restlessness or apprehension, both of
which may be compounded by aggression. They become more docile.

28. How Can Rabies Be Prevented?
Proper and right timing of Anti rabies vaccination.
Clean environment
Avoiding contact with wild animals
walking your dog on a leash, and supervising him
while he’s outdoors.
 Follow vaccination program

29. History of occurrence of Rabies in
the Municipality of Umingan
A year ago there was a case in rabies reported at the municipality,
death of the victim caused by rabies virus. It was tested under laboratory and
confirmed to be rabies positive. Due to this occurrence the Municipality made
a program on Free anti rabies vaccination once a year. It is mandatory among
pet owners. The local Government scheduled vaccination in each barangay
and most especially to the barangay that rabies occurred. Many pet owners
are now aware in the importance of rabies vaccine.

30. It is not just enough to rely on the program of the
government because there are cases that sometimes
there is a lack of fund. In the barangay where reported
the occurrence of Rabies a pet owner decided to visit a
veterinarian in order to provide her pet proper vaccines
to avoid any kind of diseases. Attached here are the
vaccination record of a female Pomeranian named
channel and was born on March 7, 2020 and now is a
7month year old.