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PNSG Workshop #1
- 1. Research Skills Workshop #1 Elise Tung Learning Services Librarian etung@okanagan.bc.ca 1
- 3. 1. Username: OC ID# (300xxxxxx) 2. Default password: birthday (MMDDYY) e.g.：June 15, 1982 = 061582 3. Change your password 3 Computer Login
- 5. 5
- 6. What can you do with the library? 6
- 7. USE • Space: quiet, silent & group • Computers: Internet, Microsoft Office, etc. • Printers, photocopiers & scanners: PayPal online, cash vouchers at the library and campus store • Collections: books, newspapers, magazines, DVDs, CDs, etc. 7
- 8. BORROW • Print materials: 14 days *reference materials in-library use only • CDs & cassettes: 14 days • DVDs & VHS: 7 days • Laptops: FREE same day, $5 per day, $25 per week (max 7 days) • Chargers: in-library use only All you need is your student photo ID! 8
- 9. FIND • Books • Encyclopedias & dictionaries • Academic journals • Newspapers & popular magazines • Government documents • Reports & statistics • Video & audio resources www.okanagan.bc.ca/library 9
- 10. ASK In-person • Library staff (Circulation) • Librarians (Research Help) • Lab Monitor (IT Help) • Learning Coordinators (Learning Centre) Online chat Email Phone 10
- 14. Why do we cite? ⬗ Evidence: Citations demonstrate how you develop your argument and ideas from the ideas of others ⬗ Re(-)search: Citations enable your readers to do more reading and research on your topic ⬗ Ethics: Citations give credit where credit is due 15
- 15. “Plagiarism is the presentation of another person's work or ideas without proper or complete acknowledgement. 16
- 16. APA The APA manual is the official style guide published by the American Psychological Association. APA is the reference system for psychology, business, and health disciplines. 17 In-text Citation Reference List Citation (author, year, page number) (Balzer-Riley, 2010, p. 321) Surname, first initial. (year). Title. Source Title. Publication specific details Balzer-Riley, J. W. (2010). Communication in nursing. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier/Mosby.
- 17. APA in-text citation Direct quotations “ ” ⬗ Lee (2007) stated, “The ability to think critically is needed in this revolutionary age of technological change” (p. 82). ⬗ One research emphasized that “the ability to think critically is needed in this revolutionary age of technological change” (Lee, 2007, p. 82). Paraphrases ⬗ Lee (2007) emphasized that flexibly applied thinking is vital to cope with rapidly changing technology (p. 82). ⬗ One researcher emphasized the necessity of flexibly applied thinking to cope with rapid changing technology (Lee, 2007, p. 82). 18
- 18. APA in-text citation Long quotations (40 or more words) ⬗ Use a block format (indented about 1/2 inch from the margin) ⬗ Do NOT use quotation marks ⬗ Introduce the quotation with a complete sentence and a colon ⬗ End the quotation with the period BEFORE the parentheses 19
- 19. APA in-text citation 20 1st time citing a reference 2nd and subsequent times One author Lee (2014) states that …. (p. 3). … (Lee, 2014, p. 3). Same format as 1st time Two authors Smith and Jones (2016) state that …. (p. 21). (Smith & Jones, 2016, p. 21). Same format as 1st time Three to five authors Simpson, Stahl, and Frances (2008) state that….. (p. 5). (Simpson, Stahl, & Francis, 2008, p. 5). Same format as 1st time (Simpson et al., 2008, p. 5). Six or more authors Kallai et al. (2009) state that … (p. 38-39) (Kallai et al., 2009, p. 38-39) Same format as 1st time Organizations, institutions, etc. as group author World Health Organization (WHO) (2015) states that … (p. 2) (World Health Organization [WHO], 2015, p. 2) WHO (WHO, 2015, p. 2)
- 20. APA in-text citation If no author is available ⬗ Use the article title in the sentence ⬗ Use the shortened article title in quotation marks in parentheses 21 1st time citing a reference 2nd and subsequent times No author • The article “Ancient Tool Makers Discovered Fire Treatment” (2009) summarized …… (p. 6) • …….. (“Ancient Tool,” 2009, p.6) Same format as 1st time
- 21. APA in-text citation 22 If no page number is available ⬗ Use (para. paragraph number) ⬗ Use the heading if there is one Eg. According to the World Health Organization (2010), “one of the greatest threats to international health security arises from outbreaks of emerging and epidemic-prone diseases” (Fostering Health Security, para. 1). - Source ⬗ Shorten the heading in quotation marks if it’s long Eg. What is the Burden of Alzheimer’s Disease in the United States? -> (“What is the Burden?,” para. 1)
- 22. APA in-text citation If no date is available ⬗ Use (n.d.) Eg. ⬗ Buzan (n.d.) explained that …… (p. 23) ⬗ ............................ (Buzan, n.d., p. 23) 23
- 23. APA reference list citation 24 OR doi:10.1108/03090560710821161
- 24. APA Worksheet Use the information provided for each source to create an in-text citation and a reference list citation. Use correct punctuation and italics (underline italics). (15 min) Use the APA resources to look for similar examples. - Slides handout (in-class) - OC Library APA Style Guide PDF file (PN libguides > Cite in APA) - Purdue OWL - APA for Academic Writing (2017-2018) - Mount Royal University (Slide examples taken from this source) 25
Editor's Notes
- Hello and welcome. My name is Elise. I’m the Learning Services Librarian. We also have Erin here today. She’s here to watch you guys and make sure you’re paying attention. J/K .. She’s a new librarian so she is here to observe and learn because she will also be teaching soon. Hopefully I won’t be so terrible that you learn nothing. These are my cats. Aren’t they adorable? I know, I’m a walking stereotype .. Librarians and cats, right? So, this is the first of the three research skills workshops. How many of you had a library session before? This will be a good refresher, and this is a workshop, so you’ll get to have a lot of hands on practice.
- So this is our road map for the next 90 minutes. I will quickly go over the basic library resources and show you how to navigate the library website to search for information, but I really want to focus on the APA Citation Style today. I know you have a paper coming up, which requires you to cite in APA. If you have never done it before, it can be a bit intimidating, and even if you have some experience with APA already, this will be a great opportunity for you to get more practice and ask questions.
- Before we get started, I want you all to log on to the computer. How many of you have logged on to the computer here before? If this is your first time, you will need your student ID number (the 300 number). Your default password will be your birthday, so month, day and year in 6 digitals. For example, if you were born in June 15, 1982, your password would be 061682. After you log in, you will be prompted to change your password. You can then change it to your own password. Has everyone logged in?
- Now I want you to open up an internet browser (Firefox or Chrome or Internet Explorer) and enter this URL in the address bar. [Walk around to make sure everyone arrives on this page] [Pass around the paper from the back in case some can’t see] If you see this page, I want you to answer the question. What do you think of when you hear the word “Library.” Type in anything that comes into your mind. Any word is OK. Even ‘boring” t [Demo]. You can give multiple answers. You can even use Japanese if you want.
- Poll Title: What do you think of when you hear the word "Library"? https://www.polleverywhere.com/free_text_polls/ZrX40a9iCFS7SpL
- You can use our space. We have quiet areas where you can talk quietly with your friends. We have silent study areas on the second floor where you can study in a noise free environment, and we also have group meeting rooms, also on the second level, where you can have meetings or practice presentations with your classmates. You can book the group study room online, through the student tab in myOkanagan. (You can find out more information here) You can use our computers, which has the internet and the Office Suite installed so you can use applications like Word and PowerPoint for your research papers and presentations. You already know how to log in, so you’re all set. You can use the computers out there or in this room when it’s not being used. We also have printers, photocopiers and scanners you can use. They are just behind the Lab Monitor desk. Scanning is free (Does everyone know what scanning is? /Refer to the Library Guide/ It’s kind of like photocopying except digitally. If you have a print document you want to email to yourself so you can read it on the computer or to keep a digital copy of it, you can use the scanner to digitize the document). Printing and photocopying cost money. You pay with PayPal online or you can purchase cash vouchers at the library or the campus store. Of course there are our collections, books, newspapers, magazines and DVDs, CDs and more. You can use these resources in the library OR you can..
- .. Borrow them and take them out. For print materials, you can have your items out for 14 days. Many reference materials such as encyclopedias and dictionaries can only be used in the library. CDs & cassettes can be borrowed up to 14 days as well while DVDs & VHS can be out for 7 days. I don’t know if anyone uses cassettes or VHS videos anymore, but we do have some in our collection. One really neat thing is that you can borrow a laptop. It’s free if you return it on the same day, but if you want to keep it overnight, it’s 5 dollars per night. You can borrow a laptop for up to a week for 25 dollars. You can also borrow chargers for laptops and cellphones if you forget yours at home, but you have to charge your device in the library. To borrow from the library, all you need is your student photo ID.
- You can also find different types of information in the library. Obviously we have books, but we also have more than just books. We have reference materials like encyclopedias & dictionaries. We have academic journals for academic research. We have newspapers & popular magazines, government documents, reports and statistics as well as multimedia resources like DVDs, streaming videos and CDs. So how do you find them? You want to use the library search engine by going to the library website, which I will show you how to in a few minutes
- But I want to let you know that you can always ask for help if you have any questions. You can ask for help in person. The library staff at the circulation desk is very knowledgeable about everything to do with the library. If you need specific help with your research, you can come to the Research Help desk [You can’t see it in this picture but it says Research Help here] … in the fall, there will be a librarian at the desk. Erin and I, as well as other librarians, will take turn manning the desk, so if you have any research questions, just come up to the librarian. We don’t bite. We also have a Lab Monitor at the IT Help Desk to help you with any issues your computer or with printing, copying and scanning. The Learning Centre, which is right next door, is also in the library. If you need help with your courses or writing, you can get help from one of the learning coordinators at the learning centre. You can drop by or book an appointment. They are a great resource if you need extra help with your assignment or writing. If you can’t come in person, the library also has an online chat service called AskAway. You can ask for help at the comfort of your home in your pajamas. It’s very handy. You can also email or call the library. All the information is on our library website. [Demo AskAway?]
- So what can you do with the library? As much as you make use of it. The library connects you to the resources you need to be successful in school. This is where you can find reliable academic sources for your research papers, this is where you can use computers to write and print your papers and create powerpoint presentations. You can use our space to study by yourself or with your classmates. You can borrow most of our resources, even a laptop. The library staff and librarians can help you with any questions you might have about how to use the library and how to do research. So use it! AND use the library website!
- So how to you get to the library website? You can type in the URL or you can go to our school website and hover over Services to get to the library link. How many of you have been to the library website? This is the most important part right here. This is where you can search for resources for your research papers and projects. The default search engine is OCtopus, which is like Google for library resources. It searches for everything in our library catalogue and databases. I’m just going to do a quick search to show you the results page. Let’s say we want to look for sources on dementia. Type in dementia and click on the icon. You’ll see a list of results related to dementia, including videos, books, reference materials, academic journal articles, etc. It’s OK if you don’t know the differences right now. We will talk bout different types of sources the next session. But I just want to point out the Research Starter. It provides you with an overview of a topic, like Wikipedia but more credible. It’s a really good starting point if you don’t know much about a subject. I will go into more detail and go over the limiters next session, so I won’t spend too much time on this today. ] The Books & Media tab lets you search for books, ebooks and videos, mostly materials purchased by the library for our college programs. Let’s search dementia here .. As you can see, the results page looks quite different. This is an older version of the search engine, but it can still be quite useful if you’re looking for just books and videos. The most important information you need to know in order to find the book in the library is its location, availability and call number. All the books in the library are organized by call number, and books in the same subject are usually grouped together. With the call number, not only can you find the specific book you’re looking for, but you can also find other relevant books in the same area and on the same self. What if the book is only available in another campus library? You can make a request to have the book delivered to this library. I think it takes less than a week. The Basic Search lets you limit to a specific campus and a specific type of resource. You can also search by subject, author, title etc. The Advanced Search has a lot more options. You can also search by Subject, by Author .. Course Reserves are books that instructors put aside for their classes [Click an example]. Usually you have to go to the circulation desk to ask to borrow a course reserve item. This is also where you can check your library account and renew borrow items. You just need to sign in with your ID and last name. Articles and Databases is where you can find e-resources. You want to select your subject… for this class, it will be Nursing (LPN) and you’ll see a list of databases related to Nursing. It’s a good idea to start with Best Bets .. they’re the recommended and popular databases for your discipline. I will talk more about databases in the next two sessions. Research & Subject Guides were created and maintained by librarians. They contain useful information on how to do research. For you class, you want to go to Nursing (LPN) and click on Practical Nursing. Another librarian created this guide. It has a lot of useful information, if you want to take a look. You’ll talk about evaluating sources next class, but for this session, the most relevant tab is Writing and Citing. Go to Cite in APA. Here you’ll find a lot of good APA resources. But let’s leave it for now and go back to the slides.
- RA 418.5 .T73 P87 2014 Make a Request
- I think I did enough talking, let’s watch a short video. I hope that makes it clear what citation is.
- So why do we cite? … Evidence: It shows that you have done your research and you have sources to back up your argument. Research: - That’s why it’s called re-search, search again and again for more information, and our citations will help your readers to do their own research on your topic Ethics - .. And this is very important because if you don’t, you’re committing
- At Okanagan College, you can get a warning if it’s your first time, and/or you can get a zero on your assignment, and if you plagiarize repeatedly, you can get suspended or dismissed from the college. So it’s serious and it’s very important that you learn to cite properly. A warning Rewriting of an assignment Reduced mark on the assignment A mark of zero for the course Suspension or dismissal from the College
- There are mainly two parts to an APA citation. For every source you use, you need to cite it in-text (in the body of your paper) and in the reference list. For the in-text citation, You need the author’s last name, the year of the publication, and the page number (if there are page numbers). The in-text citation will refer to a corresponding reference list citation. A reference list is attached to the end of your essay and it has a list of all the sources that you used in your essay. A reference list citation includes the author’s surname, the first initial of their given name, the year of publication, the article or chapter title if it’s an article in a journal or a chapter in a book, and you also need to include the book title or the journal title in italics. Then you need the publisher’s information or the URL if it’s an online source. These are the basic formats, but as you will see, there are slightly different rules for different types of resources.
- There are generally two ways to cite in-text. One is to use direct quotations, so copy the text “as is” with quotation marks. You can either include the author’s name in the sentence like in the first example: Lee (2007)… and ends the sentence with the page number, OR you can put the author’s name together with the year and page number at the end of the sentence as in the second example. Or you can use paraphrases. Does anyone know what a paraphrase is? A paraphrase expresses the meaning or the idea of someone else’ words with your own words. For example, this sentence Lee (2007) … is a paraphrase of the direct quote up here. It expresses the same idea but with different words. Again, you can either have the author’s name in the sentence or in the parenthesis. Q: So what happens if you have a long quote you want to use?
- You need to use a block format for any quotations that have 40 or more words. This is called a block quote, and it has its own rules. You indent the quote about half an inch from the margin. You don’t use quotation marks. You use a complete sentence and a colon to introduce the quotation (point to the example) You end the quotation with the period and then the parentheses. I know it looks kind of weird but I didn’t make the rules. I would recommend using block quotes sparingly. I know it’s tempting to pad your word count with long quotes, but a good paper has a good balance of evidence (which are the sources you use) and your own analysis. And you really want to use your own words as much as possible when you’re citing. It’s not easy when you’re not used to it, but with enough practice, it will become more natural.
- Authors .. When you only have one author, it’s straight forward. You use the author’s last name. When you have two authors, you use the ‘and’ symbol or the ampersand character. When you have three to five authors, you need to use all their last names when you cite the source the first time, but after that, you can just use the first author’s last name and replace the rest with et al. *Short for "et alii" (or "et alia") - »and others » You can also have a group author that is an organization or an institution. For example, World Health Organization could be a group author. Be aware that when you cannot have two sets of parentheses, so you have use brackets instead for the abbreviated name or acronym WHO.
- Q: What do you do if your source doesn’t have page numbers? You use para. + the paragraph number You use the heading if there is one. This is especially relevant for web sources because webpages don’t usually have page numbers. Go to the source to show them.
- Now, reference list. For everything you cite in the text, you will also need to cite it in the reference list. There are some exceptions such as personal communications, so if you get your information from talking to someone, you credit their name in the text, but you don’t have to cite the source in the reference list, because it’s actually a living person, not a book or a website that someone can look up. Other exceptions are like the bible and other classical works, but we won’t worry about them right now. You will most likely put all your sources in the reference list. Here are of the basic formats for the most common sources. For books, you need the author …… *edition (if there is more than one edition) Chapter in an edited book – if the author wrote the entire book, then you would just use the first one, but if it is an edited book with chapters by different authors, you will need to have the chapter authors, the chapter title … etc. Journal articles are a bit more complex. You need the author, year… journal name, italicized, …… and the DOI. Does anyone know what an DOI is? DOI stands for “digital object identifier.” Because online materials can potentially change URLs; that’s why you sometimes get broken links. DOIs are an attempt to provide stable, long-lasting links for online articles. Sometimes you’ll see the older version of the DOI that looks like this. I’ll show you some examples. (Click on the pic to go to the search results. Mention that you can also find other information like volume and page range) Be aware that NOT all journal articles have DOIs and some have different identifiers like ISSN or PMID. The rule of thumb is, if you can find the DOI, use it in your citation, if you can’t, just use the URL.. When citing a chapter in an edited book, you also need to cite the chapter title, editors, and the chapter page range. When you’re citing a webpage, you need the date retrieved because websites are often updated, and you want to let your reader know when you got this information, which might have been changed or updated when they look it up in the future. This is a not so quick review, as it turned out, of APA. Any questions. Are you ready to put some of what you just learned to practice?