Task 3

1. Unit 1_Task 3_ Translation a paragraph
Pressented By:
Acosta murillo Erik esteban: 1069751697
Adaime Edward Andrés: 1117500665
Escobar Narciso Albeiro: 11389956
Sánchez Sandra Patricia: 1069741994
Vásquez Sandra Daniela: 117526052
Grupo: 551037_32
Tutor:
Camilo Alberto Holguín
TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES

2. English Text Spanish Text
GM crops - - Frankenstein Food ?
PARAGRAPH 4
One of the main objectives in altering the genes of certain plants is to make them
resistant to disease and to pests, and thus reduce the need for pesticides. Another is to
make them resistant to particular weed-killers, so that farmers can spray fields knowing
that the spray will kill almost all plants except the selected crop that they are growing.
Other genetic modifications are aimed at producing plants that need less fertilizer or are
more resistant to drought, and thus need less watering. Most developments in these
directions are strongly positive in environmental terms.
They are also positive in human terms, and development of drought-resistant and
disease-resistant crops will have major implications for developing countries,
where famine is a constant risk. It is therefore not surprising that developing nations
with large populations to feed, such as China and India, are keen supporters of genetic
research; unlike Europe and North America, with their agricultural surpluses, many
poorer nations already cannot produce enough food to feed their populations.
In other developments, laboratories are genetically incorporating vaccines - including
hepatitis B and rabies - into certain plants. Plant-based vaccines are potentially far
cheaper to produce and easier to store than their chemically-manufactured equivalents.
Los cultivos transgénicos - - La comida de Frankenstein?
Párrafo 4
Uno de los mayores objetivos en la alteración de los genes de ciertas plantas es hacerlas
resistentes a enfermedades y plagas, y así se reduce la necesidad de pesticidas. Otra es
hacerlas resistentes a los herbicidas particulares, para que los agricultores puedan rociar los
campos sabiendo que el aerosol matará casi todas las plantas excepto el cultivo seleccionado
que están creciendo. Otras modificaciones genéticas están dirigidas a producir plantas que
necesitan menos fertilizante o son más resistentes a la sequía, y por lo tanto necesitan menos
agua. Más desarrollos en estas direcciones son fuertemente positivos en términos del
medioambiente.
Son positivos en términos humanos, y el desarrollo de cultivos resistentes a la sequía y
resistentes a enfermedades tendrá importantes implicaciones para los países en desarrollo,
donde la hambruna es un constante riesgo. Es por lo tanto, no es sorprendente que los países
en desarrollo con grandes poblaciones para alimentar, como China y la India, sean partidarios
de la investigación genética; a diferencia de Europa y Norteamérica, con sus exorbitantes
agrícolas, muchas naciones más pobres ya no pueden producir suficiente alimento para
alimentar a sus poblaciones.
En otros desarrollos, los laboratorios están incorporando genéticamente vacunas -
incluyendo la hepatitis B y la rabia - en ciertas plantas. Las vacunas basadas en plantas son
potencialmente mucho más económicas para producir y más fáciles de almacenar que sus
similares fabricadas químicamente.
Individual Activity: by Narciso Alveiro Escobar
TASK 1. TRANSLATION PARAGRAPH 4

3. Task 2: Reflection:
Write a text about the problems you faced regarding the words or expressions
that were hard to translate, explaining the techniques used to get the results.
The technique that I used, it was literal translation, word for word, and
depending on the sentence, since there are words that must be reversed,
example first, it scribe the adjective and then the noun.
The reading had some new words and I used the dictionary, to know its
meaning, and in general the text was simple and very pleasant to analyze and
translate it.

4. Task 3 : Create a chart about the differences between method, strategy and technique

5. Individual Activity: by Acosta Murillo Erik
ENGLISH TEXT SPANISH TEXT
“Genetically modified crops" are controversial. In Europe, militant
"greens" and angry small-farmers have attacked and destroyed fields
of experimental "GM" crops, seeing them both as symbols
of multinational agribusiness, and as a threat to the world's natural
environment.
Is there any sound scientific evidence to back up the protestors'
fears, or are the protests largely motivated by ignorance? Is the anti-
GM movement progressive, or is it a form of fundamentalism, caused
by fear of the unknown?
Different people have different views on the matter, but history shows
that quantum developments in science or technology have always
provoked a backlash motivated by fear or misunderstanding.
When industrial machinery began to appear in British factories
over 200 years ago, factory-owners were wildly enthusiastic; so were
many workers. But there were other people who took a different view.
Groups known as the Luddites, opposed to the mechanization of
factories, sprang up across Britain, adopting commando tactics to
break up new machinery in factories - claiming that it would destroy
jobs and change people's lives for the worse.
"Cultivos Genéticamente Modificados" son controversiales. En Europa, militantes "verdes"
y pequeños agricultores enojados han atacado y destruido campos de cultivos
experimentales" Genéticamente modificados", viéndolos ambos como símbolos de la
agroindustria multinacional y como una amenaza para el medio ambiente del mundo.
¿Hay alguna evidencia científica sólida para respaldar los temores de los protestantes, o
son las protestas ampliamente motivadas por la ignorancia? ¿Es el movimiento anti-
modificación genética progresista, o es una forma de fundamentalismo, causado por el
miedo a lo desconocido?
Diferentes personas tienen diferentes puntos de vista sobre el asunto, pero la historia
muestra que los desarrollos cuánticos en la ciencia o la tecnología siempre han provocado
una reacción motivada por el miedo o el desconocimiento.
Cuando la maquinaria industrial empezó a aparecer en las fábricas británicas hace más de
200 años, los propietarios de las fábricas estuvieron salvajemente entusiasmados; también
lo estuvieron muchos trabajadores. Pero habían otras personas quienes tenían una visión
diferente.
Grupos conocidos como los Luditas quienes se oponían a la mecanización de las fábricas,
surgieron a través de Gran Bretaña, adoptando tácticas de comando para deshacerse de
nueva maquinaria en fábricas, reclamando que estas destruirían trabajos y cambiarían la
vida de las personas para peor.
TASK 1. TRANSLATION PARAGRAPH 1

6. TASK 2. Reflection:
Some misunderstandings I faced by the moment of translating were mainly about
the acronyms because in the case of the GM it was kind of unknown for me what
was supposed to mean but by having as a complement the followed statements
about the topic was possible to know what the acronym stood for, a second problem
I found was about the spelling and punctuation because from the english to Spanish
didn’t make too much sense to use the same from the original text to its translation
therefore taking out or adding some punctuation marks in order the translation would
make sense in Spanish was something I took care of, one last aspect is that for
translating the particular paragraph I chose is not a topic of my dominance, so,
choosing one translation of a word where is possible that word has more than one
meaning was a matter of picking the one commonest and well-sounded.
The translation techniques I used were first and foremost the communicative
translation because I wanted the translation to be reliable and exact in meaning to
the original impressions in the paragraph in a way that was comprehensible one to
another, a second technique I assumed was about transposition to change the order
of words in a way they make sense for example anti-GM movement to movimiento
anti-modificación genética.

7. Necesid
DIFFERENCES
METHOD STRATEGY TECHNIQUE
Is a well-known procedure
even being standardized as
correlational to be used as a
whole.
Because of its standardization
is straight in usage.
Covers procedures structured
in a logical way/order even
with researched basics and
fundamentals.
Is designed towards achieving a goal with
which implies a protocol or set of thinking
on processes to go over a task.
Is dependent to the planning for
consecution and orientation thought to
put in march.
It’s designed; it comes out of planning or
hypotheses with which to board a
determined process.
Is related to the skills and any
framework of reference with
which to perform or set a
determined way of doing
something.
Is used by having the resources
required that support the
technique understood as the
defined procedure.
Is not an isolated process it
commits a wide range of skills
and means proven to work in
conjunct.
TASK 3. Chart:

8. Necesid
Individual Activity: by Sandra Daniela Vasquez
ENGLISH TEXT SPANISH TEXT
GM crops - Frankenstein Food?
PARAGRAPH 5
Rejecting these arguments, opponents of genetic modification
point to the enormous risks that could be involved. While fears of
"mad corn disease" are as yet purely hypothetical, other risks seem
more realistic. Greatest of these is perhaps the fear that genetically
modified crops can naturally interact with other plants, producing
super-resistant weeds that could create chaos in agriculture.
According to the Government's own advisory body English Nature,
genetic crops "pose a threat to all wildlife". In a recent paper, English
Nature scientists stressed that the introduction of genetically
modified plants might dramatically reduce plant diversity in Britain,
destroying fragile ecosystems and leading to the rapid disappearance
of certain species of plantlife, insects and birds.
Cynics might reply that species of plant life, insects and birds have
been disappearing for years already.
In the short term, the arguments seems unlikely to go away.
American farmers are already mass producing genetically modified
crops, and so far there has been no reported disaster. That does not
mean that disasters are impossible. In ten or twenty years' time, we
may have a better idea of how likely, or unlikely they are; in the long
run the argument about genetic modification will sort itself out one
way or another. Until then, it is up to each individual to weigh up the
pros and the cons and decide if the risks outweigh the advantages or
not.
Cultivos Genéticamente Modificados – ¿La comida de Frankenstein?
PÁRRAFO 5
Rechazando estos argumentos, los opositores de la modificación
genética señalan los enormes riesgos que podrían estar involucrados.
Mientras el miedo de “la enfermedad del maíz loco” es todavía puramente
hipotéticos, otros riesgos parecen más reales. El más grande de estos es
quizás el miedo que los cultivos modificados puedan naturalmente
interactuar con otras plantas, produciendo hierbas súper resistentes que
podrían crear caos en la agricultura. Según el propio órgano asesor
ambiental del Gobierno inglés, los cultivos genéticos “amenazan a toda la
vida silvestre”. En un documento reciente, científicos ambientalistas
recalcaron que la introducción de plantas modificadas genéticamente
podría dramáticamente reducir la diversidad de plantas en Gran Bretaña,
destruyendo ecosistemas frágiles y conllevando a la desaparición rápida
de ciertas especies de vida vegetal, insectos y pájaros. Los cínicos podrían
responder que las especies de vida vegetal, insectos y pájaros han estado
ya desapareciendo por años. En corto plazo, los argumentos parecen poco
probable que desaparezcan. Los campesinos americanos están ya
produciendo en forma masiva cultivos modificados, y hasta ahora no se ha
reportado ningún desastre. Eso no significa que los desastres sean
imposibles. En un plazo de diez o veinte años, podemos tener una mejor
idea de que tan probable, o improbable ellos son; en un largo plazo los
argumentos sobre la modificación genética se solucionará de una forma u
otra. Hasta entonces, depende de cada individuo analizar los pros y los
contras y decidir si los riesgos superan las ventajas o no.
TASK 1. TRANSLATION PARAGRAPH 5

9. Necesid
TASK 2. Reflection:
Really the translation was not easy, the truth was that I search for some
words because I did not understand their meaning, some of them were:
GM crops: I did not know that meant this acronym, "mad corn disease"
had no idea of this phrase, oh Well, I only knew the word corn.
I believe that the task of translating or interpreting is difficult, but it seems
to me that this exercise of task 1, was to interpret, because when you
translate is as it is, whereas when you interpret you must look for the
appropriate connectors to give meaning to the sentence or sentence.
I had to search many words in word references I love this translator but I
only used it to search for words.

10. Necesid
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
METHOD STRATEGY TECHNIQUE
Translation method
refers to the way a
particular translation
process is carried out.
In terms of the
translation´s objective,
i.e.… a global option
that affects the whole
text.
Strategies are the procedures
(conscious or unconscious,
verbal or nonverbal) used by
the translator to solve
problems that emerge when
carrying out the translation
process with a particular
objective in mind.
Strategies are part of the
process.
A technique is a
detailed list of rules or a
guideline for any
activity.
It is based on the
description of step, or a
set of do´s and don’ts,
and can often be linked
to a method or strategy.
Techniques affect the
result.
TASK 3. Chart:

11. Individual Activity: by Patricia Sánchez
Murillo
ENGLISH TEXT SPANISH TEXT
In Britain, the argument over GM crops has become the most contested scientific
dispute since the arrival of the atom bomb. In 1998 a public opinion poll showed that
77% of British people did not want genetically-modified crops to be grown in Britain -
though only 58% were opposed genetic modification in principle. And in spite of
historic parallels that tend to suggest that resistance to change is rarely effective in
the long run, the controversy over genetically modified crops is perhaps more critical
than most.
In spite of public apprehension, UK governments have continued to support
research into GM crops, and today hundreds of hectares of genetically engineered
plants are growing in Britain, mostly in agricultural research centers, universities and
plant laboratories. Here and there, fields of genetically modified crops have been
planted and to the passer-by, they look no different from other fields.
In many ways, GM crops are not really very different from others. Scientists have
been selecting and "improving" crops for hundreds of years, often by the slow and
dubious method of "trial and error". Most of the crops and fruit growing in today's
fields are very different from the varieties grown two centuries ago, and far more
productive; far from being "natural" plants, they are new strains that have been
developed by genetic selection of the best. "Genetic Modification" just takes the
process one stage further, allowing agricultural scientists to produce new varieties
with specific required qualities.
En Gran Bretaña, el argumento sobre cultivos transgénicos se ha convertido en la disputa
científica más controvertida desde la llegada de la bomba atómica. En 1998 una opinión
publica encuesta mostro que el 77% de las personas británicas no querían que los cultivos
genéticamente modificados en Gran Bretaña, aunque solo el 58% se opusieron a la
modificación genética en el principio. Y a pesar de los paralelos históricos que tienden a
sugerir rara vez es efectiva a largo plazo, la controversia sobre los cultivos genéticamente
modificados es tal vez más crítica que la mayoría.
A pesar de la aprehensión publica, el gobierno del Reino Unido ha continuado apoyando la
investigación sobre cultivos transgénicos, y hoy cien hectáreas de plantas genéticamente
modificadas están creciendo en Gran Bretaña, principalmente en centros de investigación
agrícola, universidades y laboratorios de plantas. ¿Aquí y allá, se han plantado campos de
cultivos genéticamente modificados? y al transeúnte, no parecen diferentes de otros campos.
En muchas maneras, los cultivos transgénicos no son muy diferentes de otros. Científicos han
estado seleccionando e “mejorando” cultivos por cientos de años, frecuentemente por el lento
y dudoso “ensayo y error”. La mayoría de los cultivos y frutales en los campos hoy en día son
muy diferentes de las variedades cultivadas hace dos siglos, y mucho más productivas, lejos
de ser plantas “naturales”, ellos son nuevos cepas, que han sido desarrolladas por la mejor
selección genética. “Modificación Genética” solo toma el proceso una etapa más, permitiendo
que científicos agrícolas producir nuevas variedades con cualidades especificas requeridas
TASK 1. TRANSLATION PARAGRAPH 3

12. Necesid
TASK 2. Reflection:
For develop this activity I use the Transposition technique because is
important taking account of the preferred position of the verb and nouns in
the sentence.
Without altering the meaning, therefore, it is very useful. Translate this way
as it has a good percentage of knowledge, taking into account the
unknown words. What I did was find the meaning and achieve coherence
in the text.

13. Necesid
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
METHOD STRATEGY TECHNIQUE
 Is a way something
is done. Perhaps
used for routine
tasks.
 Is an organized,
orderly, systematic,
and well-planned
procedure aimed at
facilitating and
enhancing students’
learning.
 Relate to whole texts
 Plans for solving concrete
translation problems in the
framework of a concrete
translation task.
 Conscious procedure for
solving a problem faced in
translating a text, or any
segment of it.
 Strategy usually requires
some sort of planning.
 Is a procedure or skill
for completing a
specific task.
 Is the final skillful
execution, on a point
to point basis, from
start point to endpoint,
which everybody can
see as a concrete
deliverable or
productive outcome
TASK 3. Chart:

14. Individual activity: by Edward Andrés Adaime
TASK 1. TRANSLATION PARAGRAPH 2
English Text Spanish Text
Resistance to scientific and technical progress: When the first steam trains
appeared in the 1830's, they provoked violent reactions too; opponents
claimed that they were dangerous, noisy and dirty, would destroy cities by
fire, and kill people through speed. Some landowners resolutely refused to
allow lines to be built over their land. Fifty years later, the arrival of the
motor car was met with a similar mixed response - opponents arguing that
"horseless carriages" were far too dangerous to be allowed on Britain's
roads. For a while, the opponents almost won the battle, and until 1896,
cars on Britain's roads had to be preceded by a man walking with a red
flag.
Indeed, the history of scientific and technical progress is full of examples
of resistance to progress - in a paradoxical illustration of Newton's third
law of motion*.
This being the case, the vigorous reaction in Britain and several other
countries against the introduction of genetically modified crops is not
surprising; indeed, it is probably inevitable. Since the catastrophe of "Mad
Cow Disease", - and in spite of the enormous benefits brought about by
modern agricultural practice - agribusiness and scientific modern farming
methods are seriously contested in many quarters.
Resistencia al progreso científico y técnico: Cuando los primeros trenes de
vapor aparecieron en la década de 1830, también provocaron reacciones
violentas; los opositores afirmaron que eran peligrosos, ruidosos y sucios,
que destruirían las ciudades por el fuego y matarían a la gente a través de la
velocidad. Algunos terratenientes se negaron rotundamente a permitir la
construcción de líneas sobre sus tierras. Cincuenta años más tarde, la
llegada del automóvil se encontró con una respuesta mixta similar -
opositores argumentando que los "carruajes sin caballos" eran demasiado
peligrosos para ser permitidos en las carreteras de Gran Bretaña. Durante un
tiempo, los oponentes casi ganaron la batalla, y hasta 1896, los coches en las
carreteras de Gran Bretaña tuvo que ser precedido por un hombre caminando
con una bandera roja.
De hecho, la historia del progreso científico y técnico está llena de
ejemplos de resistencia al progreso -en una ilustración paradójica de la
tercera ley del movimiento de Newton-.
Siendo así, no es sorprendente la vigorosa reacción en Gran Bretaña y en
otros países contra la introducción de cultivos modificados genéticamente; de
hecho, es probablemente inevitable. Desde la catástrofe de la "enfermedad
de las vacas locas", y a pesar de los enormes beneficios que trajo consigo la
práctica agrícola moderna, la agroindustria y los modernos métodos de
cultivo se encuentran seriamente cuestionados en muchos sectores.

15. Necesid
Task 2 Reflection:
To translate is not easy but it is not so difficult, to make this text understandable, you have to know
how to place the grammatical rules well as the verbal actions, for example tube certain doubts in the
location of the word carriages because it has otrso meanings but At the same time it is synonymous
with car, car, trnsporte, but I had to adapt it to the context of what I wanted to express the text,
another piece that I had to investigate was landowners; is synonymous of capo and of great amounts
of earth but that in brief words means landowner.
The activity as an exercise is very good and makes us realize that for a good translation you have to
have some previous knowledge and know a lot of vocabulary, because just by looking, you already
know your main idea, or at least identify some words and that gives you a general idea of what you
are going to translate.

16. Necesid
Differences between
METHOD STRATEGY TECHNIQUE
Translation:
Procedure for translating
an idiom into the mother
tongue, employing
strategies, organizational
techniques to identify the
code and to know its
purpose according to the
type of text and its
writing.
Basic tasks of choosing SL
text and developing a method
to translate it.
domesticate and exteriorize
local strategies refer to this
activity that is specific.
1- previous knowledge
2- Rules query gramaticles
3- Dictionary
identify the type of text
consult the meaning of
the SL expression to
translate it.
Preservation of the term
SL intact.
Opt for a word in the TL
that looks similar or has
the same "relevance"
as the term SL.
Identify the meaning of
the text
TASK 3. Chart:

17. REFERENCE
 Ordudari, M. (july 2007). Translation procedures, strategies and methods. Translation Journal,
11(3). Retrieved March 22, 2017, from http://www.bokorlang.com/journal/41culture.htm
 Images. Link: https://www.google.com/search?q=TRASLATION&client=firefox-b-
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8DUH5xKMRhWBZ6i32jn716kXErqcNSB7jMyoSCSWajRt51KNuEXiJQWTDNfN9KhIJgoZs2v
uPRckRhF-2_1nHTWIMqEgmS4RKeJYnD_1xFzzJzXM8bnnyoSCeLQPZDtR_1wNEU1hLH-
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MzEQJrv4sLWfjz&tbo=u&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiK6N6gg-
nWAhUOfiYKHX3BAt4Q9C8IHw&biw=1525&bih=709&dpr=0.9