GROUP: 551037_28

1. TASK 3
JORGE ABRAHAM BERMUDEZ. CODE: 88226309
VICTOR HUGO BOLAÑOS. CODE:87.247.840
ANDRES MAURICIO CARDENAS. CODE:
MARIA PAULA REYES. CODE:1.005.777.335
GROUP: 551037_28
TUTOR: CAMILO ALBERTO HOLGUIN
NATIONAL OPEN AND DISTANCE UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF SCIENCE OF EDUCATION
OCTUBER 17 OF 2017

2. TASK 1: Choose a paragraph to translate in English.
ANDRES MAURICIO CARDENAS
ENGLISH TEXT
Genetically modified crops" are controversial. In
Europe, militant "greens" and angry small-farmers
have attacked and destroyed fields of
experimental "GM" crops, seeing them both as
symbols of multinational agribusiness, and as
a threat to the world's natural environment.
Is there any sound scientific evidence to back
up the protestors' fears, or are the protests largely
motivated by ignorance? Is the anti-GM
movement progressive, or is it a form of
fundamentalism, caused by fear of the unknown ?
Different people have different views on the
matter, but history shows
that quantum developments in science or
technology have always provoked a backlash
motivated by fear or misunderstanding.
When industrial machinery began to appear in
British factories over 200 years ago, factory-
owners were wildly enthusiastic; so were many
workers. But there were other people who took a
different view. Groups known as the Luddites,
opposed to the mechanisation of factories, sprang
up across Britain, adopting commando tactics to
break up new machinery in factories - claiming
that it would destroy jobs and change people's
lives for the worse.

3. SPANISH TEXT
En Europa, los eco-militantes y los pequeños
agricultores enojados han atacado y destruido
campos de cultivos experimentales "GM",
viéndolos a ambos como símbolos de la
agroindustria multinacional y amenazando el
medio ambiente natural del mundo.
¿Hay alguna evidencia científica sólida para
respaldar los temores de los manifestantes, o son
las protestas en gran parte motivadas por la
ignorancia? ¿Es el movimiento anti-GM
progresivo, o es una forma de fundamentalismo,
causado por el miedo a lo desconocido?
Diferentes personas tienen diferentes puntos de
vista sobre el asunto, pero la historia muestra que
los desarrollos --cuánticos-- en la ciencia o la
tecnología siempre han provocado una reacción
motivada por el miedo o el malentendido.
Cuando la maquinaria industrial empezó a
aparecer en las fábricas británicas hace más de
200 años, los propietarios de las fábricas estaban
entusiasmados; también lo fueron
muchos trabajadores. Pero había otras personas
que tenían una visión diferente. Los grupos
llamados luditas, en contra de la mecanización de
las fábricas, surgieron por toda Gran Bretaña,
adoptando tácticas de comando para acabra con
nuevas maquinarias en las fábricas,
argumentando que destruiría puestos de trabajo y
cambiaría la vida de la gente para peor.

4. VICTOR HUGO BOLAÑOS
ENGLISH TEXT
When the first steam trains appeared in the 1830's,
they provoked violent reactions too; opponents
claimed that they were dangerous, noisy and dirty,
would destroy cities by fire, and kill people through
speed. Some landowners resolutely refused to allow
lines to be built over their land. Fifty years later, the
arrival of the motor car was met with a similar mixed
response - opponents arguing that "horseless
carriages" were far too dangerous to be allowed on
Britain's roads. For a while, the opponents almost
won the battle, and until 1896, cars on Britain's
roads had to be preceded by a man walking with a
red flag.
Indeed, the history of scientific and technical
progress is full of examples of resistance to progress
- in a paradoxical illustration of Newton's third law of
motion*.
This being the case, the vigorous reaction in
Britain and several other countries against the
introduction of genetically modified crops is not
surprising; indeed, it is probably inevitable. Since the
catastrophe of "Mad Cow Disease", - and in spite of
the enormous benefits brought about by modern
agricultural practice - agribusiness and scientific
modern farming methods are seriously contested in
many quarters.

5. SPANISH TEXT
Cuando los primeros tremes de vapor aparecieron
en los años 30 de 1800, provocaron también
violentas reacciones; opositores argumentaban
que eran peligrosos, ruidosos y contaminantes,
incendiarían las ciudades, y matarían gente por la
alta velocidad. Algunos terratenientes se
opusieron con determinación a que las carrileras
fueran construidas a través de sus propiedades.
50 años más tarde, la llegada del carro de motor
conto con una mezcla de respuestas opositoras
erradas aduciendo que los “coches sin caballos”
eran demasiado peligrosos como para ser
permitidos en carreteras británicas. Durante un
tiempo, los opositores al menos ganaron la
batalla, y hasta 1996, los coches en las carreteras
británicas habrían de ser precedidos por un
hombre caminando con una bandera roja.
De hecho, la historia del avance científico y
tecnológico está lleno de ejemplos de resistencia
al progreso - una paradójica ilustración de la
tercera ley del movimiento de Sir Isaac newton.
Por lo tanto, la enérgica reacción en Inglaterra y
varios países más en contra de la introducción de
cultivos transgénicos no sorprende; de hecho; es
inevitable probablemente. Desde la catástrofe de
las “vacas locas”, _ y a pesar de los enormes
beneficios que trae consigo la moderna práctica
agroindustrial agrícola y modernos métodos
científicos agrícolas son seriamente discutidos en
muchos sectores.

6. MARIA PAULA REYES
ENGLISH TEXT
In Britain, the argument over GM crops has become
the most contested scientific dispute since the arrival
of the atom bomb. In 1998 a public opinion poll
showed that 77% of British people did not want
genetically-modified crops to be grown in Britain -
though only 58% were opposed genetic modification in
principle. And in spite of historic parallels that tend to
suggest that resistance to change is rarely effective in
the long run, the controversy over genetically
modified crops is perhaps more critical than most.
In spite of public apprehension, UK governments have
continued to support research into GM crops, and
today hundreds of hectares of genetically engineered
plants are growing in Britain, mostly in agricultural
research centres, universities and plant laboratories.
Here and there, fields of genetically modified crops
have been planted and to the passer-by, they look no
different from other fields.
In many ways, GM crops are not really very different
from others. Scientists have been selecting and
"improving" crops for hundreds of years, often by the
slow and dubious method of "trial and error". Most of
the crops and fruit growing in today's fields are very
different from the varieties grown two centuries ago,
and far more productive; far from being "natural"
plants, they are new strains that have been developed
by genetic selection of the best. "Genetic
Modification" just takes the process one stage further,
allowing agricultural scientists to produce new
varieties with specific required qualities.

7. SPANISH TEXT
En Gran Bretaña, el argumento acerca de los cultivos GM
se ha convertido en la disputa científica más
controversial desde la llegada de la bomba atómica. En
1998, una encuesta publica mostro que el 77% de la
personas británicas no querían cultivos genéticamente
modificados fueran cultivados en Gran Bretaña. Aunque
solo el 58% se oponían a la modificación genética en el
principio. A pesar de los paralelos históricos que tienden
a sugerir la resistencia al cambio es raramente efectivo a
largo plazo, la controversia acerca los cultivos
genéticamente modificaos es quizás la más critica que la
mayoría.
A pesar de la aprensión publica, el gobierno británico ha
continuado con el apoyo en la investigación de los
cultivos GM, y hoy cientos de hectáreas de plantas
genéticamente modificadas están creciendo en Gran
Bretaña, en su mayoría en centros de investigación
agrícola, universidades y laboratorios de plantas. Aquí y
allá, se han plantado campos de cultivos genéticamente
modificados y para los transeúntes, no parecen
diferentes de otros campos.
En muchas maneras, los cultivos GM no son muy
diferentes de los otros. Científicos han estado
seleccionando y “mejorando” cultivos por cientos de
años, a menudo por el lento y dudoso método de
“ensayo y error”. La mayoría de los cultivos y cultivos de
frutas en los campos de hoy son muy diferentes de las
variedades cultivadas hace dos siglos y más productivas,
lejos de ser plantas “naturales”, son nuevas cepas que
han sido desarrolladas por selección genéticas de los
mejores. “Modificación genéticas” solo toma el proceso
de una etapa más allá, permitiendo a los científicos a
producir nuevas variedades con cualidades específicas
requeridas.

8. JORGE ABRAHAM BERMUDEZ
ENGLISH TEXT
Rejecting these arguments, opponents of genetic
modification point to the enormous risks that could be
involved. While fears of "mad corn disease" are as yet
purely hypothetical, other risks seem more
realistic. Greatest of these is perhaps the fear that
genetically modified crops can naturally interact with
other plants, producing super-resistant weeds that could
create chaos in agriculture. According to the
Government's own advisory body English Nature, genetic
crops "pose a threat to all wildlife". In a recent paper,
English Nature scientists stressed that the introduction of
genetically modified plants might dramatically reduce
plant diversity in Britain, destroying fragile ecosystems
and leading to the rapid disappearance of certain species
of plantlife, insects and birds.
Cynics might reply that species of plant life, insects and
birds have been disappearing for years already.
In the short term, the arguments seems unlikely to go
away. American farmers are already mass producing
genetically modified crops, and so far there has been no
reported disaster. That does not mean that disasters are
impossible. In ten or twenty years' time, we may have a
better idea of how likely, or unlikely they are; in the long
run the argument about genetic modification
will sort itself out one way or another. Until then, it is up
to each individual to weigh up the pros and the cons and
decide if the risks outweigh the advantages or not.

9. SPANISH TEXT
En rechazo de estos argumentos, los opositores de la
modificación genética señalan el enorme riesgo en que
podrían estar implicados. Mientras el temor de la
“enfermedad del maíz loco” son una hipótesis, otros
riesgos parecen más reales. El mayor de estos es tal vez
el miedo que los cultivos genéticamente modificados
pueden interactuar naturalmente con otras plantas
produciendo mala hierba super-resistente que crearía
caos en la agricultura. Según el propio gobierno cuerpo
de asesores de English Nature, cultivos genéticos
representan una amenaza a la fauna silvestre. En un
escrito reciente, científicos English Nature enfatizaron
que la introducción de las plantas genéticamente
modificadas pueden reducir dramáticamente la
diversidad in Gran Bretaña, destruyendo los ecosistemas
frágiles y llevando a la desaparición rápida de ciertas
especies de vegetación, insectos y aves.
Cínicos pueden refutar que las especies de vegetación,
insectos y aves ya han estado desapareciendo por años.
En el corto plazo, los argumentos parecen improbable
que desaparezcan. Granjeros americanos ya están
produciendo en masa cultivos genéticamente
modificados, y hasta ahora no han sido reportado
desastres. Eso no significa que los desastres son
imposibles. En diez o veinte años, podemos tener una
mejor idea de lo probable o poco probable que son; en
el largo plazo el argumento sobre la modificación
genética se resolverá de una u otra manera. Esto es
hasta que cada individuo evalúe los pros y los contras y
decidan si los riegos son mayores que las ventajas o no.

10. Task 2: Write a text about the problems you faced regarding
the words or expressions that were hard to translate,
explaining the techniques used to get the results.
JORGE ABRAHAM BERMUDEZ
About problems I faced regarding words or expressions to translate, like a first point were terms own
in regard to crops; really my vocabulary is poor about this matter. The techniques used to get the
traslation, I used literal translation for example "Rejecting these arguments, opponents of genetic
modification point to the enormous risks that could be involved" "Rechazo de estos argumentos, los
opositores de la modificación genética señalan el enorme riesgo en que podrían estar implicados", I
used too transposition and modulation techniques. I highlight some words that i didn´t know like
"point to", "weed" even if I knew meaning, I did must research about others meaning to give sense to
the phrase.

11. VICTOR HUGO BOLAÑOS
About the problems regarding words or expressions, I only had a big difficulty trying to translate
the last part of the lecture because It has a scientific and technic vocabulary and the expressions
are used in a scientific context unused for me learning English to teach in a high school, so that I
tried to comprehend the last part because did not fit from English to a comprehensible Spanish.
I have had the opportunities to translate some paragraphs for students of the university and
although it is a little difficult for me, I try and try till I am able to fit it in the mother language.
Now, I am not sure that it is good or not, but it was the best that I did.
The techniques: I used I usually use “wordreference dictionary” for words and “linguee” for
expressions in context from English to Spanish or vice versa.

12. ANDRES MAURICIO CARDENAS
About the problems I faced regarding words and expressions hard to translate and the
techniques used in the previous paragraph there were words that if one take them out of
context, they would be very difficult to interpret, as well the expressions that can't be taken out
of context. for example in paragraph 1 the word "Luddites" comes to be like a proper name, so I
had to investigate a little about these groups of Protestants to give a good sense and
understanding to the paragraph. the techniques that I use as the literal translation. I always took
into account the context and I didn't just stay with this paragraph, I translated all the other
paragraphs to have an idea as global as possible and put context in time, epoch, culture in it that
presents this matter and the origin of the problem

13. MARIA PAULA REYES
When I translated this text, the first one I did was to read it aloud and begin to highlight those
words that I didn't know such as "crops", "strains." Through the modulation technique, I took
some phrases that did not have sense in the language of Spanish and adapt them so that it is
understood and achieve the compression of the text to the reader. I had little problems in
writing the translation since most of the words I had knowledge about its meaning, although the
subject of the genetic modification is still new for me so I had to do some research of articles to
be able to understand a little more about the debate which is carried today.

14. TASK 3: Create a chart about the differences between method, strategy and
technique
JORGE ABRAHAM BERMUDEZ VICTOR HUGO BOLAÑOS
Method Strategy Technique
The methods are the ways of
presenting instructional materials
or conducting instructional
activities. A method comprises
the principles and methods used
for instruction.
In order to develop the method
we have to carry out specific
techniques and strategies
according to the objectives we
establish when select a method.
Method is the level at which
theory is put into practice and at
which choices are made about the
particular skills to be taught. The
content to be taught and the
order in which the content will be
presented.
It is the planning designed to
achieve an overall aim. the
strategies are the tactics that you
are going to apply to get the aim
Technique is a procedure or skill
for completing a specific task. The
techniques are the tricks we all
know and use to get the job done
in the classroom. Techniques are
the classroom procedure, they are
presented, for example silent
Reading or share Reading, use a
quick physical activity or a hard
physical activity in order to get the
goals in teaching an specific topic
Method Strategy Technique
A way of doing
something, often one
that involves a system or
plan.
“Technnical procedures”
or
“Organizational
procedures”
Whole text.
A detailed plan for
achieving success in
situations such as war,
politics, business,
industry, or sport, or the
skill of planning for such
situations.
The way in which a (
usually skilled) process is,
or should be, carried out.
Transposition,
modulation, Literal
translation.
http://dictionary.cambridge.or
g
http://dictionary.cambridge.or
g
http://dictionary.cambridge.or
g

15. ANDRESMAURICIO CARDENAS MARIAPAULAREYES
METHOD STRATEGY TECHNIQUE
The method is the
procedures that are
carried out in the
translation process,
how to implement
the
different steps, rules
or processes to
achieve the goal
Translation strategies
are the steps,
principles, rules or
processes that are
carried out in a
conscious
way to solve problems
of translation in a
text. in other words, it
is the way it will
develop or carry out
the action to obtain a
result determined by
the situation of
translation
the techniques are
the skills that are
normally used to carry
out a particular action
taking into account
the needs of the
situation, to carry out
the necessary
procedures for the
development of the
task.

16. TASK 4: Give meaningful feedback to your mates’ work
JORGE ABRAHAM BERMUDEZ
Regards Maria Paula, I think that you did a great
job and applied techniques as had be. (really,
I don´t know if it is write well). I have a doubt
regarding "that had no cooking such as..." What
did you want to say.
VICTOR HUGO BOLAÑOZ
Hello Mr George Abraham.
I can see you have done a good job throughout this
process and in fact I turn to read the contributions
of my partners because I was late and I did not
understand so well the guide but with your
example I tried to work hoping have an
appropriate contribution to the collaborative job.
I can see all my partners have advance step by
step, to develop the skills to work in group and
acquire the knowledge to comprehend texts in the
target language and bring them in our mother
language.
I have some difficulties managing the PPT, the
technologies run over me. Could you help
including my job in the group work?

17. ANDRES MAURICIO CARDENAS
Classmate Maria Paula, it is very interesting the
tools that you used to make the corresponding
translation of the paragraph, it is a very good
strategy to look for extra information in articles
and others. in addition the differences between
strategies, method and techniques have been
very clear. thanks for your contribution
MARIA PAULA REYES
Dear Andres, I think you used a good tool to
translate since there are a great variety of
words that when translated, do not agree with
the text that we are reading. It is always
important to research on the subject that we
are translating and that adapt with the culture
and other varieties.