The document discusses the biosphere and ecosystems. It defines the biosphere as the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. It notes that the biosphere extends from 10km above the Earth into the oceans down to depths of 10.5km. It also provides descriptions of different ecosystem types, components, zones, and the ecosystem diversity found in India.

2.  THE ENVIRONMENT OF OUR EARTH HAS A
NUMBER OF LIFE ZONES THAT SUPPORT BIRTH
ORGANISMS.
 ALL THE LIFE ZONES OF THE EARTH ARE
COLLECTIVELY CALLED AS BIOSPHERE
 THE BIOSPHERE VERTICALLY EXTENDS INTO
THE ATMOSPHERE UPTO ABOUT 10KM AND
DOWNWARDS INTO THE OCEANS UPTO DEPTH
OF 10.5KM
 IT EXTENDS UPTO THE DEPTH OF ABOUT
6.9KM.

4. ECOSYSTEM
BIOTIC ABIOTIC
PRODUCERS DECOMPOSERSCONSUMERS
SOILS,MINERALS,
WATER AND AIR
ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTORS
PRIMARY
CONSUMERS
SECONDARY
TERTIARY

5. TYPES OF
ECOSYSTEM
NATURAL
ECOSYSTEM
ARTIFICIAL
ECOSYSTEM
TERRESTIAL
ECOSYSTEM
AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEM
FRESH WATER
ECOSYSTEM
MARINE ECOSYSTEM
LENTIC
FRESHWATER
ECOSYSTEM
LOTIC FRESHWATER
ECOSYSTEM
LAND ECOSYSTEM
FRESHWATER
ECOSYSTEM

6.  FORESTS PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN MAINTAINING AND
REGULATING WEATHER CONDITIONS OR THE MICRO-
CLIMATE OF A PARTICULAR AREA.
 THEY PROTECT LAND AGAINST WASHED AWAY BY RAINS
OR WINDS.PROVIDE TIMBER, FODDER, MEDICINES, FRUITS,
SEEDS,GUMS,RESINS,DYES,CHARCOAL AND VARIOUS
OTHER PRODUCTS
ALL THE ECOSYSTEM OF A PARTICULAR AREA IS CALLED
AS “BIOME”

8.  IT CONTAINS BIOTIC & ABIOTIC COMPONENTS
 PRODUCERS:grasses,herbs,shrubs
 CONSUMERS:These includes:-
1)PRIMARY CONSUMERS-herbivores feeding
on grasses. Example:deers
2)SECONDARY CONSUMERS-snakes, lizards.
3)TERTIARY CONSUMERS- hawks,owls.
 DECOMPOSERS:Various types of saprophytic fungi
 ABIOTIC COMPONENTS:Organic & Inorganic components in the
soil,atmosphere.

9.  BIOTIC COMPONENTS:These include Producers,
Consumers,& Decomposers.
1)PRODUCERS:Speceis of trees like Acacia.
2)CONSUMERS:
1)PRIMARY CONSUMERS-herbivores feeding on grasses.Eg:rats
2)SECONDARY CONSUMERS-snakes, lizards.
3)TERTIARY CONSUMERS- hawks,owls.
 ABIOTIC COMPONENTS:Soil,sun-light.

10.  FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM
i. LITTORAL ZONE:The shallow water zone of a
pond or a lake is called littoral zone.
ii. LIMNETIC ZONE:This is the well lighted & open
zone.contain algae,free-floating plants
iii. PROFUNDAL ZONE:This is the dark zone of a
pond or lake.Tortoise & big fish rest in this zone.

11. • Ecosystem of oceans & salt lakes are
called as Marine Ecosystem.
• It is divided into Open sea & Coastal
Ecosystem.
• ESTUARIES are the ecosystems found
in the junction areas of soft & marine
waters.

12. ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY OFECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY OF
INDIAINDIA
 INDIAN ECOSYSTEMS & THEIR DIVERSITY IS USUALLY ATINDIAN ECOSYSTEMS & THEIR DIVERSITY IS USUALLY AT
THREE LEVELSTHREE LEVELS
 MAJOR NATURAL HABITATS-MAJOR NATURAL HABITATS-
FORESTS,GRASSLANDS,DESEARTS,WETLANDS(INCLUDINGFORESTS,GRASSLANDS,DESEARTS,WETLANDS(INCLUDING
ESTUARIES,MANGRAVOES,CORAL REEFS&MARINE)ESTUARIES,MANGRAVOES,CORAL REEFS&MARINE)
 HIGH MONTAIN RANGES ( BIOTIC PROVINCES :TRANS-HIGH MONTAIN RANGES ( BIOTIC PROVINCES :TRANS-
HIMALAYA,NORTH-WEST HIMALAYA,EASTERNHIMALAYA,NORTH-WEST HIMALAYA,EASTERN
HIMALAYA,INCLUDING NEINDIA) & ISLANDS.HIMALAYA,INCLUDING NEINDIA) & ISLANDS.
 BIOGEOGRAPHIC REGIONS-WESTERN GHATS,DECCANBIOGEOGRAPHIC REGIONS-WESTERN GHATS,DECCAN
PENINSULA,EASTERN GHATS(ECO-REGION).PENINSULA,EASTERN GHATS(ECO-REGION).

13. BIOGRAPHIC ZONES BIOTIC STATEBIOGRAPHIC ZONES BIOTIC STATE
PROVINCEPROVINCE
1. THE TRANS 1. UPPER REGIONS J&K & HP1. THE TRANS 1. UPPER REGIONS J&K & HP
HIMALAYA 2.NW HIMALAYA J&K & HPHIMALAYA 2.NW HIMALAYA J&K & HP
3.WEST HIMALAYA HP &3.WEST HIMALAYA HP &
UTTARANCHALUTTARANCHAL
2. HIMALAYAN 3.CENTRAL HIMALAYA SIKKIM,WB,A.P2. HIMALAYAN 3.CENTRAL HIMALAYA SIKKIM,WB,A.P
4.EAST HIMALAYA PRADESH4.EAST HIMALAYA PRADESH
3. NORTH EAST INDIA 5.NORTH EAST HILLS ASSAM3. NORTH EAST INDIA 5.NORTH EAST HILLS ASSAM
MANIPURMANIPUR
MEGHALAYAMEGHALAYA
MIZORAMMIZORAM
NAGALANDNAGALAND
TRIPURATRIPURA
THE INDIAN HIMALAYA HAS BEENTHE INDIAN HIMALAYA HAS BEEN
DIVIDED INTO THREE BIOGEOGRAPHICDIVIDED INTO THREE BIOGEOGRAPHIC
DIVISIONSDIVISIONS

14. IF WE WANT TO SAVE OUR PRECIOUS BIOSPHERE
THEN IT IS IMPORTANT TO STUDY ECOSYSTEMS
THANK YOU !!!!!!!!