1) There are two types of summative assessments: those that assess rote knowledge skills and those that assess higher-level thinking skills. 2) Both types of summative assessments are important and have valid uses - rote knowledge assessments evaluate basic learning while higher-level assessments evaluate skills like analysis and problem-solving. 3) High stakes testing to assess rote knowledge on a national scale is controversial, as some argue it leads to teaching to the test without increasing actual learning, while others believe it provides accountability.